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+We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more
+perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic
+Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the
+general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to
+ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this
+Constitution for the United States of America.
+
+Article I.
+
+Section 1.  All legislative Powers herein granted shall be
+vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall
+consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.
+
+Section 2.  The House of Representatives shall be composed of
+Members chosen every second Year by the People of the
+several States, and the Electors in each State shall have
+the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most
+numerous Branch of the State Legislature.
+
+No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have
+attained to the Age of twenty-five Years, and been seven
+Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not,
+when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he
+shall be chosen.
+
+[Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among
+the several States which may be included within this Union,
+according to their respective Numbers, which shall be
+determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons,
+including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and
+excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other
+Persons.] The actual Enumeration shall be made within three
+Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United
+States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in
+such Manner as they shall by Law direct.  The Number of
+Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty
+Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one
+Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made,
+the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three,
+Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations
+one, Connecticut five, New-York six, New Jersey four,
+Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia
+ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia
+three.
+
+When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State,
+the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of
+Election to fill such Vacancies.
+
+The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and
+other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of
+Impeachment.
+
+Section 3.  The Senate of the United States shall be composed
+of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature
+thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall have one
+Vote.
+
+Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of
+the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may
+be into three Classes.  The Seats of the Senators of the
+first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second
+Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth
+Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth
+Year, so that one-third may be chosen every second Year; and
+if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the
+Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive
+thereof may make temporary Appointments until the next
+Meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such
+Vacancies.
+
+No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to
+the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of
+the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an
+Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.
+
+The Vice President of the United States shall be President
+of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be
+equally divided.
+
+The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a
+President pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice President,
+or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the
+United States.
+
+The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all
+Impeachments.  When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be
+on Oath or Affirmation.  When the President of the United
+States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside:  And no
+Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two
+thirds of the Members present.
+
+Judgement in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further
+than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold
+and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the
+United States:  but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be
+liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and
+Punishment, according to Law.
+
+Section 4.  The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections
+for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in
+each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may
+at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as
+to the Place of Chusing Senators.
+
+The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and
+such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December,
+unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day.
+
+Section 5.  Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections,
+Returns and Qualifications of its own Members, and a
+Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business;
+but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be
+authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in
+such Manner, and under such Penalties as each House may
+provide.
+
+Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings,
+punish it Members for disorderly Behavior, and, with the
+Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member.
+
+Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from
+time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may
+in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of
+the Members of either House on any question shall, at the
+Desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered on the
+Journal.
+
+Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall,
+without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than
+three days, nor to any other Place than that in which the
+two Houses shall be sitting.
+
+Section 6.  The Senators and Representatives shall receive a
+Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law,
+and paid out of the Treasury of the United States.  They
+shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the
+Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at
+the Session of their respective Houses, and in going to and
+returning from the same; and for any Speech or Debate in
+either House, they shall not be Questioned in any other
+Place.
+
+No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for
+which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under
+the Authority of the United States, which shall have been
+created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been encreased
+during such time; and no Person holding any Office under the
+United States, shall be a Member of either House during his
+Continuance in Office.
+
+Section 7.  All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in
+the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or
+concur with Amendments as on other Bills.
+
+Every Bill which shall have passed the House of
+Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a
+Law, be presented to the President of the United States; If
+he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it,
+with his Objections to that House in which it shall have
+originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their
+Journal, and proceed to reconsider it.  If after such
+Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass
+the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to
+the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered,
+and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become
+a Law.  But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall
+be determined by Yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons
+voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the
+Journal of each House respectively.  If any Bill shall not be
+returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted)
+after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be
+a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the
+Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which
+Case it shall not be a Law.
+
+Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of
+the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary
+(except on a question of Adjournment) shall be presented to
+the President of the United States; and before the Same
+shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being
+disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the
+Senate and House of Representatives, according to the Rules
+and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.
+
+Section 8.  The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect
+Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debt and
+provide for the common Defense and general Welfare of the
+United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be
+uniform throughout the United States;
+
+To borrow money on the credit of the United States;
+
+To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the
+several States, and with the Indian Tribes;
+
+To establish an uniform rule of Naturalization, and uniform
+Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United
+States;
+
+To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign
+Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures;
+
+To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the
+Securities and current Coin of the United States;
+
+To establish Post Offices and post Roads;
+
+To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by
+securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the
+exclusive Right to their respective Writings and
+Discoveries;
+
+To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court;
+
+To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the
+high Seas, and Offenses against the Law of Nations;
+
+To declare War, grand Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and to
+make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water;
+
+To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money
+to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;
+
+To provide and maintain a Navy;
+
+To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land
+and naval Forces;
+
+To provide for calling for the Militia to execute the
+Laws of the Union; suppress Insurrections and repel
+Invasions;
+
+To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the
+Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be
+employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to
+the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers,
+and the Authority of training the Militia according to the
+discipline prescribed by Congress;
+
+To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever,
+over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may,
+by Cession of particular States, and the acceptance of
+Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United
+States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places
+purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in
+which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts,
+Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful
+Building;--And
+
+To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for
+carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other
+Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the
+United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.
+
+Section 9.  The Migration or Importation of such Persons as
+any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit,
+shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year
+one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may
+be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars
+for each Person.
+
+The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be
+suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the
+public Safety may require it.
+
+No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.
+
+No capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in
+Proportion to the Census or Enumeration herein before
+directed to be taken.
+
+No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any
+State.
+
+No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce
+or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another:
+nor shall Vessels bound to, or from one State, be obliged to
+enter, clear, or pay Duties in another.
+
+No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in
+Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular
+Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of
+all public Money shall be published from time to time.
+
+No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States:
+And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under
+them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept of
+any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind
+whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State.
+
+Section 10.  No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance,
+or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin
+Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and
+silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of
+Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the
+Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility.
+
+No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any
+Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be
+absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection Laws:
+and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any
+State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the
+Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be
+subject to the Revision and Controul of the Congress.
+
+No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any
+duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of
+Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another
+State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless
+actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not
+admit of delay.
+
+Article II.
+
+Section 1.  The executive Power shall be vested in a
+President of the United States of America.  He shall hold his
+Office during the term of four Years, and, together with the
+Vice-President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as
+follows.
+
+Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature
+thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole
+Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State
+may be entitled in the Congress:  but no Senator or
+Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or
+Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an
+Elector.
+
+[The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote
+by Ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be
+an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves.  And they
+shall make a List of all the Persons voted for, and of the
+Number of Votes for each; which List they shall sign and
+certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the Government
+of the United States, directed to the President of the
+Senate.  The President of the Senate shall, in the Presence
+of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the
+Certificates, and the Votes shall then be counted.  The
+Person having the greatest Number of Votes shall be the
+President, if such Number be a Majority of the whole Number
+of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who
+have such Majority, and have an equal Number of Votes, then
+the House of Representatives shall immediately chuse by
+Ballot one of them for President; and if no Person have a
+Majority, then from the five highest on the List the said
+House shall in like Manner chuse the President.  But in
+chusing the President, the Votes shall be taken by States,
+the representation from each State having one Vote; A quorum
+for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from
+two-thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States
+shall be necessary to a Choice.  In every Case, after the
+Choice of the President, the Person having the greatest
+Number of Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice President.
+But if there should remain two or more who have equal Votes,
+the Senate shall chuse from them by Ballot the
+Vice-President.]
+
+The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the Electors,
+and the Day on which they shall give their Votes; which Day
+shall be the same throughout the United States.
+
+No person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the
+United States, at the time of Adoption of this Constitution,
+shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall
+any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have
+attained to the Age of thirty-five Years, and been fourteen
+Years a Resident within the United States.
+
+In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of
+his Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers
+and Duties of the said Office, the same shall devolve on the
+Vice President, and the Congress may by Law provide for the
+Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of
+the President and Vice President, declaring what Officer
+shall then act as President, and such Officer shall act
+accordingly, until the Disability be removed, or a President
+shall be elected.
+
+The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his
+Services, a Compensation, which shall neither be encreased
+nor diminished during the Period for which he shall have
+been elected, and he shall not receive within that Period
+any other Emolument from the United States, or any of them.
+
+Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall
+take the following Oath or Affirmation:--``I do solemnly
+swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office
+of President of the United States, and will to the best of
+my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of
+the United States.''
+
+Section 2.  The President shall be Commander in Chief of the
+Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of
+the several States, when called into the actual Service of
+the United States; he may require the Opinion in writing, of
+the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments,
+upon any subject relating to the Duties of their respective
+Offices, and he shall have Power to Grant Reprives and
+Pardons for Offenses against the United States, except in
+Cases of Impeachment.
+
+He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of
+the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two-thirds of the
+Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and
+with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint
+Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of
+the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United
+States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided
+for, and which shall be established by Law:  but the Congress
+may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers,
+as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts
+of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.
+
+The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that
+may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting
+Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next
+Session.
+
+Section 3.  He shall from time to time give to the Congress
+Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to
+their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge
+necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions,
+convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of
+Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of
+Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall
+think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public
+Ministers he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully
+executed, and shall Commission all the Officers of the
+United States.
+
+Section 4.  The President, Vice President and all civil
+Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office
+on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or
+other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.
+
+Article III.
+
+Section 1.  The judicial Power of the United States, shall be
+vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as
+the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.
+The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall
+hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at
+stated Times, receive for their Services a Compensation
+which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in
+Office.
+
+Section 2.  The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in
+Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of
+the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made
+under their Authority;--to all Cases affecting Ambassadors,
+other public Ministers and Consuls;--to all Cases of
+admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;--to Controversies to
+which the United States shall be a Party;--to Controversies
+between two or more States;--between a State and Citizens of
+another State;--between Citizens of different
+States;--between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands
+under Grants of different States, and between a State, or
+the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or
+Subjects.
+
+In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers
+and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the
+supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction.  In all the
+other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have
+appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such
+Exceptions, and Under such Regulations as the Congress shall
+make.
+
+The trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment,
+shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State
+where the said Crimes shall have been committed; but when
+not committed within any State, the Trial shall be at such
+Place and Places as the Congress may by Law have directed.
+
+Section 3.  Treason against the United States, shall consist
+only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their
+Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort.  No Person shall be
+convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two
+Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in Open
+Court.
+
+The Congress shall have power to declare the Punishment of
+Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption
+of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person
+attained.
+
+Article IV.
+
+Section 1.  Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each
+State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings
+of every other State.  And the Congress may by general Laws
+prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, records and
+Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof.
+
+Section 2.  The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to
+all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several
+States.
+
+A person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other
+Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another
+State, shall on demand of the executive Authority of the
+State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to
+the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime.
+
+No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the
+Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence
+of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such
+Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the
+Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due.
+
+Section 3.  New States may be admitted by the Congress into
+this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected
+within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be
+formed by the Junction of two or more States, or parts of
+States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the
+States concerned as well as of the Congress.
+
+The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all
+needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or
+other Property belonging to the United States; and nothing
+in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice
+any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State.
+
+Section 4.  The United States shall guarantee to every State
+in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall
+protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of
+the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature
+cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.
+
+Article V.
+
+The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem
+it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution,
+or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two-thirds of
+the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing
+Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all
+Intents and Purposes, as part of this Constitution, when
+ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several
+States, or by Conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the
+one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the
+Congress; Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior
+to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in
+any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth
+Section of the first Article; and that no State, without its
+Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the
+Senate.
+
+Article VI.
+
+All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before
+the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against
+the United States under this Constitution, as under the
+Confederation.
+
+This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which
+shall be made in Persuance thereof; and all Treaties made,
+or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United
+States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges
+in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the
+Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary
+notwithstanding.
+
+The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the
+Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive
+and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the
+several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to
+support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever
+be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust
+under the United States.
+
+Article VII.
+
+The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States shall be
+sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution
+between the States so ratifying the Same.
+
+Done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States
+present the Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our
+Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the
+Independence of the United States of America the Twelth.  In
+witness whereof We have hereunto subscribed our Names.
+
+						Go WASHINGTON
+			     Presidt and deputy from Virginia
+
+
+	New Hampshire.			Delaware.
+
+John Langdan			Geo: Read
+Nicholas Gilman			John Dickinson
+				Jaco: Broom
+				Gunning Bedford jun
+	Massachusetts.		Richard Bassett
+
+Nathaniel Gorham
+Rufus King				Maryland.
+
+				James McHenry
+	Connecticut.		Danl Carroll
+				Dan: of St Thos Jenifer
+Wm Saml Johnson
+Roger Sherman
+					Virginia.
+
+	New York.		John Blair--
+				James Madison Jr.
+Alexander Hamilton
+
+					North Carolina.
+	New Jersey.
+				Wm Blount
+Wil: Livingston			Hu Williamson
+David Brearley.			Richd Dobbs Spaight.
+Wm Patterson
+Jona: Dayton
+					South Carolina.
+
+	Pennsylvania.		J. Rutledge
+				Charles Pinckney
+B. Franklin			Charles Cotesworth Pinckney
+Robt. Morris			Pierce Butler
+Thos. Fitzsimons
+James Wilson
+Thomas Mifflin				Georgia.
+Geo. Clymer
+Jared Ingersoll			William Few
+Gouv Morris			Abr Baldwin
+				Attest:
+				    WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary.
+
+Articles in Addition To, and Amendment Of, the Constitution
+of the United States of America, Proposed by Congress, and
+Ratified by the Legislatures of the Several States, Pursuant
+to the Fifth Article of the Original Constitution.
+
+Article I.
+
+Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of
+religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or
+abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the
+right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition
+the Government for a redress of grievances.
+
+Article II.
+
+A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of
+a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms,
+shall not be infringed.
+
+Article III.
+
+No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any
+house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war,
+but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
+
+Article IV.
+
+The right of the people to be secure in their persons,
+houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches
+and seizures, shall not be violated and no Warrants shall
+issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or
+affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be
+searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
+
+Article V.
+
+No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or
+otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or
+indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the
+land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual
+service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any
+person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in
+jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any
+criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be
+deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process
+of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use,
+without just compensation.
+
+Article VI.
+
+In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the
+right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of
+the State and district wherein the crime shall have been
+committed, which district shall have been previously
+ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and
+cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses
+against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining
+witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of
+Counsel for his defense.
+
+Article VII.
+
+In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall
+exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be
+preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise
+reexamined in any Court of the United States, than according
+to the rules of the common law.
+
+Article VIII.
+
+Excessive bail shall not be required, or excessive fines
+imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
+
+Article IX.
+
+The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights,
+shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained
+by the people.
+
+Article X.
+
+The powers not delegated to the United States by the
+Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are
+reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
+
+Article XI.
+
+The Judicial power of the United States shall not be
+construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced
+or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens
+of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign
+State.
+
+Article XII.
+
+The Electors shall meet in their respective sates and vote
+by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at
+least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with
+themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person
+voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person
+voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct
+lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all
+persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of
+votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and
+transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United
+States, directed to the President of the Senate;--The
+President of the Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and
+House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the
+votes shall then be counted;--The person having the greatest
+number of votes for President, shall be the President, if
+such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors
+appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from
+the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three
+on the list of those voted for as President, the House of
+Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the
+President.  But in choosing the President, the votes shall be
+taken by states, the representation from each state having
+one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a
+member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a
+majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice.
+And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a
+President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon
+them, before the fourth day of March next following, then
+the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of
+the death or other constitutional disability of the
+President.--The person having the greatest number of votes
+as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such
+number be a majority of the whole number of Electors
+appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the
+two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the
+Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of
+two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority
+of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice.  But no
+person constitutionally ineligible to the office of
+President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the
+United States.
+
+Article XIII.
+
+Section 1.  Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except
+as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been
+duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any
+place subject to their jurisdiction.
+
+Section 2.  Congress shall have power to enforce this article
+by appropriate legislation.
+
+Article XIV.
+
+Section 1.  All persons born or naturalized in the United
+States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens
+of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.
+No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge
+the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United
+States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life,
+liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny
+to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection
+of the laws.
+
+Section 2.  Representatives shall be apportioned among the
+several States according to their respective numbers,
+counting the whole number of persons in each State,
+excluding Indians not taxed.  But when the right to vote at
+any election for the choice of electors for President and
+Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in
+Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or
+the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of
+the male inhabitants of such state, being twenty-one years
+of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any
+abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other
+crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced
+in the proportion which the number of such male citizens
+shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one
+years of age in such State.
+
+Section 3.  No person shall be a Senator or Representative in
+Congress, or elector of President and Vice-President, or
+hold any office, civil or military, under the United States,
+or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as
+a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States,
+or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive
+or judicial officer of any State, to support the
+Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in
+insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or
+comfort to the enemies thereof.  But Congress may by a vote
+of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.
+
+Section 4.  The validity of the public debt of the United
+States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for
+payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing
+insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned.  But
+neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay
+any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or
+rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the
+loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts,
+obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.
+
+Section 5.  The Congress shall have power to enforce, by
+appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.
+
+Article XV.
+
+Section 1.  The right of citizens of the United States to
+vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or
+by any State on account of race, color, or previous
+condition of servitude--
+
+Section 2.  The Congress shall have power to enforce this
+article by appropriate legislation.
+
+Article XVI.
+
+The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on
+incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment
+among the several States, and without regard to any census
+or enumeration.
+
+Article XVII.
+
+The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two
+Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for
+six years; and each Senator shall have one vote.  The
+electors in each State shall have the qualifications
+requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the
+State legislatures.
+
+When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in
+the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall
+issue writs of election to fill such vacancies:  Provided,
+That the legislature of any State may empower the executive
+thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill
+the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.
+
+This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the
+election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes
+valid as part of the Constitution.
+
+Article XVIII.
+
+Section 1.  After one year from the ratification of this
+article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of
+intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into,
+or the exportation thereof from the United States and all
+territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage
+purposes is hereby prohibited.
+
+Section 2.  The Congress and the several States shall have
+concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate
+legislation.
+
+Section 3.  This article shall be inoperative unless it shall
+have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by
+the legislature of the several States, as provided in the
+Constitution, within seven years from the date of the
+submission hereof to the States by the Congress.
+
+Article XIX.
+
+The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not
+be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State
+on account of sex.
+
+Congress shall have power to enforce this article by
+appropriate legislation.
+
+Article XX.
+
+Section 1.  The terms of the President and Vice President
+shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms
+of Senators and representatives at noon on the 3d day of
+January, of the years in which such terms would have ended
+if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of
+their successors shall then begin.
+
+Section 2.  The congress shall assemble at least once in
+every year, and such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3d
+day of January, unless they shall by law appoint a different
+day.
+
+Section 3.  If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the
+term of the President, the President elect shall have died,
+the Vice President elect shall become President.  If a
+President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed
+for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect
+shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect
+shall act as President until a President shall have
+qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case
+wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice President elect
+shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as
+President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be
+selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a
+President or Vice President shall have qualified.
+
+Section 4.  The Congress may by law provide for the case of
+the death of any of the persons from whom the House of
+Representatives may choose a President whenever the right of
+choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of
+the death of any of the persons from whom the Senate may
+choose a Vice President whenever the right of choice shall
+have devolved upon them.
+
+Section 5.  Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th
+day of October following the ratification of this article.
+
+Section 6.  This article shall be inoperative unless it shall
+have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by
+the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States
+within seven years from the date of its submission.
+
+Article XXI.
+
+Section 1.  The eighteenth article of amendment to the
+Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed.
+
+Section 2 The transportation or importation into any State,
+Territory, or possession of the United States for delivery
+or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the
+laws thereof, is hereby prohibited.
+
+Section 3.  This article shall be inoperative unless it shall
+have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by
+conventions in the several States, as provided in the
+Constitution, within seven years from the date of the
+submission hereof to the States by the Congress.
+
+Article XXII.
+
+Section 1.  No person shall be elected to the office of the
+President more than twice, and no person who has held the
+office of President, or acted as President, for more than
+two years of a term to which some other person was elected
+President shall be elected to the office of the President
+more than once.  But this Article shall not apply to any
+person holding the office of President when this Article was
+proposed by the Congress, and shall not prevent any person
+who may be holding the office of President, or acting as
+President, during the term within which this Article become
+operative from holding the office of President or acting as
+President during the remainder of such term.
+
+Section 2.  This article shall be inoperative unless it shall
+have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by
+the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States
+within seven years from the date of its submission to the
+States by the Congress.
+
+Article XXIII.
+
+Section I.  The District constituting the seat of Government
+of the United States shall appoint in such manner as the
+Congress may direct:
+
+A number of electors of President and Vice President equal
+to the whole number of Senators and Representative in
+Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were
+a State, but in no event more than the least populous
+State; they shall be in addition to those appointed by the
+States, but they shall be considered, for the purposes of
+the election of President and Vice President, to be electors
+appointed by a State; and they shall meet in the District
+and perform such duties as provided by the twelfth article
+of amendment.
+
+Section 2.  The Congress shall have power to enforce this
+article by appropriate legislation.
+
+Article XXIV.
+
+Section 1.  The right of citizens of the United States to
+vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice
+President, for electors for President or Vice President, or
+for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be
+denied or abridged by the United States or any State by
+reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.
+
+Section 2.  The Congress shall have power to enforce this
+article by appropriate legislation.
+
+Article XXV.
+
+Section 1.  In the case of the removal of the President from
+office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President
+shall become President.
+
+Section 2.  Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the
+Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice
+President who shall take office upon confirmation by a
+majority vote of both Houses of Congress.
+
+Section 3.  Whenever the President transmits to the President
+pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of
+Representative his written declaration that he is unable to
+discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he
+transmits to them a written declaration to the contrary,
+such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice
+President as Acting President.
+
+Section 4.  Whenever the Vice President and a majority of
+either the principal officers of the executive departments
+or of such other body as Congress may by law provide,
+transmit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the
+Speaker of the House of Representatives their written
+declaration that the President is unable to discharge the
+power and duties of his office, the Vice President shall
+immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as
+Acting President.
+
+Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President
+pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of
+Representatives his written declaration that no inability
+exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office
+unless the Vice President and a majority of either the
+principal officers of the executive department or of such
+other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit within
+four days to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the
+Speaker of the House of Representatives their written
+declaration that the President is unable to discharge the
+powers and duties of his office.  Thereupon Congress shall
+decide the issue, assembling within forty-eight hours for
+that purpose if not in session.  If the Congress, within
+twenty-one days after receipt of the latter written
+declaration, or, if Congress is not in session, within
+twenty-one days after Congress is required to assemble,
+determines by two-thirds vote of both Houses that the
+President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of
+his office, the Vice President shall continue to discharge
+the same as Acting President; otherwise, the President shall
+resume the powers and duties of his office.
+
+Article XXVI.
+
+Section 1.  The right of citizens of the United States, who
+are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be
+denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on
+account of age.
+
+Section 2.  The Congress shall have power to enforce this
+article by appropriate legislation.