summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/sys/include/libc.h
blob: 833a3f50bc86532029f07c605ebeba7f69f41f42 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
#pragma	lib	"libc.a"
#pragma	src	"/sys/src/libc"

#define	nelem(x)	(sizeof(x)/sizeof((x)[0]))
#define	offsetof(s, m)	(ulong)(&(((s*)0)->m))
#define	assert(x)	if(x){}else _assert("x")

/*
 * mem routines
 */
extern	void*	memccpy(void*, void*, int, ulong);
extern	void*	memset(void*, int, ulong);
extern	int	memcmp(void*, void*, ulong);
extern	void*	memcpy(void*, void*, ulong);
extern	void*	memmove(void*, void*, ulong);
extern	void*	memchr(void*, int, ulong);

/*
 * string routines
 */
extern	char*	strcat(char*, char*);
extern	char*	strchr(char*, int);
extern	int	strcmp(char*, char*);
extern	char*	strcpy(char*, char*);
extern	char*	strecpy(char*, char*, char*);
extern	char*	strdup(char*);
extern	char*	strncat(char*, char*, long);
extern	char*	strncpy(char*, char*, long);
extern	int	strncmp(char*, char*, long);
extern	char*	strpbrk(char*, char*);
extern	char*	strrchr(char*, int);
extern	char*	strtok(char*, char*);
extern	long	strlen(char*);
extern	long	strspn(char*, char*);
extern	long	strcspn(char*, char*);
extern	char*	strstr(char*, char*);
extern	int	cistrncmp(char*, char*, int);
extern	int	cistrcmp(char*, char*);
extern	char*	cistrstr(char*, char*);
extern	int	tokenize(char*, char**, int);

enum
{
	UTFmax		= 3,		/* maximum bytes per rune */
	Runesync	= 0x80,		/* cannot represent part of a UTF sequence (<) */
	Runeself	= 0x80,		/* rune and UTF sequences are the same (<) */
	Runeerror	= 0xFFFD,	/* decoding error in UTF */
};

/*
 * rune routines
 */
extern	int	runetochar(char*, Rune*);
extern	int	chartorune(Rune*, char*);
extern	int	runelen(long);
extern	int	runenlen(Rune*, int);
extern	int	fullrune(char*, int);
extern	int	utflen(char*);
extern	int	utfnlen(char*, long);
extern	char*	utfrune(char*, long);
extern	char*	utfrrune(char*, long);
extern	char*	utfutf(char*, char*);
extern	char*	utfecpy(char*, char*, char*);

extern	Rune*	runestrcat(Rune*, Rune*);
extern	Rune*	runestrchr(Rune*, Rune);
extern	int	runestrcmp(Rune*, Rune*);
extern	Rune*	runestrcpy(Rune*, Rune*);
extern	Rune*	runestrncpy(Rune*, Rune*, long);
extern	Rune*	runestrecpy(Rune*, Rune*, Rune*);
extern	Rune*	runestrdup(Rune*);
extern	Rune*	runestrncat(Rune*, Rune*, long);
extern	int	runestrncmp(Rune*, Rune*, long);
extern	Rune*	runestrrchr(Rune*, Rune);
extern	long	runestrlen(Rune*);
extern	Rune*	runestrstr(Rune*, Rune*);

extern	Rune	tolowerrune(Rune);
extern	Rune	totitlerune(Rune);
extern	Rune	toupperrune(Rune);
extern	int	isalpharune(Rune);
extern	int	islowerrune(Rune);
extern	int	isspacerune(Rune);
extern	int	istitlerune(Rune);
extern	int	isupperrune(Rune);
extern	int	isdigitrune(Rune);

/*
 * malloc
 */
extern	void*	malloc(ulong);
extern	void*	mallocz(ulong, int);
extern	void	free(void*);
extern	ulong	msize(void*);
extern	void*	mallocalign(ulong, ulong, long, ulong);
extern	void*	calloc(ulong, ulong);
extern	void*	realloc(void*, ulong);
extern	void	setmalloctag(void*, ulong);
extern	void	setrealloctag(void*, ulong);
extern	ulong	getmalloctag(void*);
extern	ulong	getrealloctag(void*);
extern	void*	malloctopoolblock(void*);

/*
 * print routines
 */
typedef struct Fmt	Fmt;
struct Fmt{
	uchar	runes;			/* output buffer is runes or chars? */
	void	*start;			/* of buffer */
	void	*to;			/* current place in the buffer */
	void	*stop;			/* end of the buffer; overwritten if flush fails */
	int	(*flush)(Fmt *);	/* called when to == stop */
	void	*farg;			/* to make flush a closure */
	int	nfmt;			/* num chars formatted so far */
	va_list	args;			/* args passed to dofmt */
	int	r;			/* % format Rune */
	int	width;
	int	prec;
	ulong	flags;
};

enum{
	FmtWidth	= 1,
	FmtLeft		= FmtWidth << 1,
	FmtPrec		= FmtLeft << 1,
	FmtSharp	= FmtPrec << 1,
	FmtSpace	= FmtSharp << 1,
	FmtSign		= FmtSpace << 1,
	FmtZero		= FmtSign << 1,
	FmtUnsigned	= FmtZero << 1,
	FmtShort	= FmtUnsigned << 1,
	FmtLong		= FmtShort << 1,
	FmtVLong	= FmtLong << 1,
	FmtComma	= FmtVLong << 1,
	FmtByte		= FmtComma << 1,

	FmtFlag		= FmtByte << 1
};

extern	int	print(char*, ...);
extern	char*	seprint(char*, char*, char*, ...);
extern	char*	vseprint(char*, char*, char*, va_list);
extern	int	snprint(char*, int, char*, ...);
extern	int	vsnprint(char*, int, char*, va_list);
extern	char*	smprint(char*, ...);
extern	char*	vsmprint(char*, va_list);
extern	int	sprint(char*, char*, ...);
extern	int	fprint(int, char*, ...);
extern	int	vfprint(int, char*, va_list);

extern	int	runesprint(Rune*, char*, ...);
extern	int	runesnprint(Rune*, int, char*, ...);
extern	int	runevsnprint(Rune*, int, char*, va_list);
extern	Rune*	runeseprint(Rune*, Rune*, char*, ...);
extern	Rune*	runevseprint(Rune*, Rune*, char*, va_list);
extern	Rune*	runesmprint(char*, ...);
extern	Rune*	runevsmprint(char*, va_list);

extern	int	fmtfdinit(Fmt*, int, char*, int);
extern	int	fmtfdflush(Fmt*);
extern	int	fmtstrinit(Fmt*);
extern	char*	fmtstrflush(Fmt*);
extern	int	runefmtstrinit(Fmt*);
extern	Rune*	runefmtstrflush(Fmt*);

#pragma	varargck	argpos	fmtprint	2
#pragma	varargck	argpos	fprint		2
#pragma	varargck	argpos	print		1
#pragma	varargck	argpos	runeseprint	3
#pragma	varargck	argpos	runesmprint	1
#pragma	varargck	argpos	runesnprint	3
#pragma	varargck	argpos	runesprint	2
#pragma	varargck	argpos	seprint		3
#pragma	varargck	argpos	smprint		1
#pragma	varargck	argpos	snprint		3
#pragma	varargck	argpos	sprint		2

#pragma	varargck	type	"lld"	vlong
#pragma	varargck	type	"llo"	vlong
#pragma	varargck	type	"llx"	vlong
#pragma	varargck	type	"llb"	vlong
#pragma	varargck	type	"lld"	uvlong
#pragma	varargck	type	"llo"	uvlong
#pragma	varargck	type	"llx"	uvlong
#pragma	varargck	type	"llb"	uvlong
#pragma	varargck	type	"ld"	long
#pragma	varargck	type	"lo"	long
#pragma	varargck	type	"lx"	long
#pragma	varargck	type	"lb"	long
#pragma	varargck	type	"ld"	ulong
#pragma	varargck	type	"lo"	ulong
#pragma	varargck	type	"lx"	ulong
#pragma	varargck	type	"lb"	ulong
#pragma	varargck	type	"d"	int
#pragma	varargck	type	"o"	int
#pragma	varargck	type	"x"	int
#pragma	varargck	type	"c"	int
#pragma	varargck	type	"C"	int
#pragma	varargck	type	"b"	int
#pragma	varargck	type	"d"	uint
#pragma	varargck	type	"x"	uint
#pragma	varargck	type	"c"	uint
#pragma	varargck	type	"C"	uint
#pragma	varargck	type	"b"	uint
#pragma	varargck	type	"f"	double
#pragma	varargck	type	"e"	double
#pragma	varargck	type	"g"	double
#pragma	varargck	type	"s"	char*
#pragma	varargck	type	"q"	char*
#pragma	varargck	type	"S"	Rune*
#pragma	varargck	type	"Q"	Rune*
#pragma	varargck	type	"r"	void
#pragma	varargck	type	"%"	void
#pragma	varargck	type	"n"	int*
#pragma	varargck	type	"p"	uintptr
#pragma	varargck	type	"p"	void*
#pragma	varargck	flag	','
#pragma	varargck	flag	' '
#pragma	varargck	flag	'h'
#pragma varargck	type	"<"	void*
#pragma varargck	type	"["	void*
#pragma varargck	type	"H"	void*
#pragma varargck	type	"lH"	void*

extern	int	fmtinstall(int, int (*)(Fmt*));
extern	int	dofmt(Fmt*, char*);
extern	int	dorfmt(Fmt*, Rune*);
extern	int	fmtprint(Fmt*, char*, ...);
extern	int	fmtvprint(Fmt*, char*, va_list);
extern	int	fmtrune(Fmt*, int);
extern	int	fmtstrcpy(Fmt*, char*);
extern	int	fmtrunestrcpy(Fmt*, Rune*);
/*
 * error string for %r
 * supplied on per os basis, not part of fmt library
 */
extern	int	errfmt(Fmt *f);

/*
 * quoted strings
 */
extern	char	*unquotestrdup(char*);
extern	Rune	*unquoterunestrdup(Rune*);
extern	char	*quotestrdup(char*);
extern	Rune	*quoterunestrdup(Rune*);
extern	int	quotestrfmt(Fmt*);
extern	int	quoterunestrfmt(Fmt*);
extern	void	quotefmtinstall(void);
extern	int	(*doquote)(int);
extern	int	needsrcquote(int);

/*
 * random number
 */
extern	void	srand(long);
extern	int	rand(void);
extern	int	nrand(int);
extern	long	lrand(void);
extern	long	lnrand(long);
extern	double	frand(void);
extern	ulong	truerand(void);			/* uses /dev/random */
extern	ulong	ntruerand(ulong);		/* uses /dev/random */

/*
 * math
 */
extern	ulong	getfcr(void);
extern	void	setfsr(ulong);
extern	ulong	getfsr(void);
extern	void	setfcr(ulong);
extern	double	NaN(void);
extern	double	Inf(int);
extern	int	isNaN(double);
extern	int	isInf(double, int);
extern	ulong	umuldiv(ulong, ulong, ulong);
extern	long	muldiv(long, long, long);

extern	double	pow(double, double);
extern	double	atan2(double, double);
extern	double	fabs(double);
extern	double	atan(double);
extern	double	log(double);
extern	double	log10(double);
extern	double	exp(double);
extern	double	floor(double);
extern	double	ceil(double);
extern	double	hypot(double, double);
extern	double	sin(double);
extern	double	cos(double);
extern	double	tan(double);
extern	double	asin(double);
extern	double	acos(double);
extern	double	sinh(double);
extern	double	cosh(double);
extern	double	tanh(double);
extern	double	sqrt(double);
extern	double	fmod(double, double);

#define	HUGE	3.4028234e38
#define	PIO2	1.570796326794896619231e0
#define	PI	(PIO2+PIO2)

/*
 * Time-of-day
 */

typedef
struct Tm
{
	int	sec;
	int	min;
	int	hour;
	int	mday;
	int	mon;
	int	year;
	int	wday;
	int	yday;
	char	zone[4];
	int	tzoff;
} Tm;

extern	Tm*	gmtime(long);
extern	Tm*	localtime(long);
extern	char*	asctime(Tm*);
extern	char*	ctime(long);
extern	double	cputime(void);
extern	long	times(long*);
extern	long	tm2sec(Tm*);
extern	vlong	nsec(void);

extern	void	cycles(uvlong*);	/* 64-bit value of the cycle counter if there is one, 0 if there isn't */

/*
 * one-of-a-kind
 */
enum
{
	PNPROC		= 1,
	PNGROUP		= 2,
};

extern	void	_assert(char*);
extern	int	abs(int);
extern	int	atexit(void(*)(void));
extern	void	atexitdont(void(*)(void));
extern	int	atnotify(int(*)(void*, char*), int);
extern	double	atof(char*);
extern	int	atoi(char*);
extern	long	atol(char*);
extern	vlong	atoll(char*);
extern	double	charstod(int(*)(void*), void*);
extern	char*	cleanname(char*);
extern	int	decrypt(void*, void*, int);
extern	int	encrypt(void*, void*, int);
extern	int	dec64(uchar*, int, char*, int);
extern	int	enc64(char*, int, uchar*, int);
extern	int	dec32(uchar*, int, char*, int);
extern	int	enc32(char*, int, uchar*, int);
extern	int	dec16(uchar*, int, char*, int);
extern	int	enc16(char*, int, uchar*, int);
extern	int	encodefmt(Fmt*);
extern	void	exits(char*);
extern	double	frexp(double, int*);
extern	uintptr	getcallerpc(void*);
extern	char*	getenv(char*);
extern	int	getfields(char*, char**, int, int, char*);
extern	int	gettokens(char *, char **, int, char *);
extern	char*	getuser(void);
extern	char*	getwd(char*, int);
extern	int	iounit(int);
extern	long	labs(long);
extern	double	ldexp(double, int);
extern	void	longjmp(jmp_buf, int);
extern	char*	mktemp(char*);
extern	double	modf(double, double*);
extern	int	netcrypt(void*, void*);
extern	void	notejmp(void*, jmp_buf, int);
extern	void	perror(char*);
extern	int	postnote(int, int, char *);
extern	double	pow10(int);
extern	int	putenv(char*, char*);
extern	void	qsort(void*, long, long, int (*)(void*, void*));
extern	int	setjmp(jmp_buf);
extern	double	strtod(char*, char**);
extern	long	strtol(char*, char**, int);
extern	ulong	strtoul(char*, char**, int);
extern	vlong	strtoll(char*, char**, int);
extern	uvlong	strtoull(char*, char**, int);
extern	void	sysfatal(char*, ...);
#pragma	varargck	argpos	sysfatal	1
extern	void	syslog(int, char*, char*, ...);
#pragma	varargck	argpos	syslog	3
extern	long	time(long*);
extern	int	tolower(int);
extern	int	toupper(int);

/*
 *  profiling
 */
enum {
	Profoff,		/* No profiling */
	Profuser,		/* Measure user time only (default) */
	Profkernel,		/* Measure user + kernel time */
	Proftime,		/* Measure total time */
	Profsample,		/* Use clock interrupt to sample (default when there is no cycle counter) */
}; /* what */
extern	void	prof(void (*fn)(void*), void *arg, int entries, int what);

/*
 *  synchronization
 */
typedef
struct Lock {
	int	val;
} Lock;

extern int	_tas(int*);

extern	void	lock(Lock*);
extern	void	unlock(Lock*);
extern	int	canlock(Lock*);

typedef struct QLp QLp;
struct QLp
{
	int	inuse;
	QLp	*next;
	char	state;
};

typedef
struct QLock
{
	Lock	lock;
	int	locked;
	QLp	*head;
	QLp 	*tail;
} QLock;

extern	void	qlock(QLock*);
extern	void	qunlock(QLock*);
extern	int	canqlock(QLock*);
extern	void	_qlockinit(void* (*)(void*, void*));	/* called only by the thread library */

typedef
struct RWLock
{
	Lock	lock;
	int	readers;	/* number of readers */
	int	writer;		/* number of writers */
	QLp	*head;		/* list of waiting processes */
	QLp	*tail;
} RWLock;

extern	void	rlock(RWLock*);
extern	void	runlock(RWLock*);
extern	int	canrlock(RWLock*);
extern	void	wlock(RWLock*);
extern	void	wunlock(RWLock*);
extern	int	canwlock(RWLock*);

typedef
struct Rendez
{
	QLock	*l;
	QLp	*head;
	QLp	*tail;
} Rendez;

extern	void	rsleep(Rendez*);	/* unlocks r->l, sleeps, locks r->l again */
extern	int	rwakeup(Rendez*);
extern	int	rwakeupall(Rendez*);
extern	void**	privalloc(void);
extern	void	privfree(void**);

/*
 *  network dialing
 */
#define NETPATHLEN 40
extern	int	accept(int, char*);
extern	int	announce(char*, char*);
extern	int	dial(char*, char*, char*, int*);
extern	void	setnetmtpt(char*, int, char*);
extern	int	hangup(int);
extern	int	listen(char*, char*);
extern	char*	netmkaddr(char*, char*, char*);
extern	int	reject(int, char*, char*);

/*
 *  encryption
 */
extern	int	pushssl(int, char*, char*, char*, int*);
extern	int	pushtls(int, char*, char*, int, char*, char*);

/*
 *  network services
 */
typedef struct NetConnInfo NetConnInfo;
struct NetConnInfo
{
	char	*dir;		/* connection directory */
	char	*root;		/* network root */
	char	*spec;		/* binding spec */
	char	*lsys;		/* local system */
	char	*lserv;		/* local service */
	char	*rsys;		/* remote system */
	char	*rserv;		/* remote service */
	char	*laddr;		/* local address */
	char	*raddr;		/* remote address */
};
extern	NetConnInfo*	getnetconninfo(char*, int);
extern	void		freenetconninfo(NetConnInfo*);

/*
 * system calls
 *
 */
#define	STATMAX	65535U	/* max length of machine-independent stat structure */
#define	DIRMAX	(sizeof(Dir)+STATMAX)	/* max length of Dir structure */
#define	ERRMAX	128	/* max length of error string */

#define	MORDER	0x0003	/* mask for bits defining order of mounting */
#define	MREPL	0x0000	/* mount replaces object */
#define	MBEFORE	0x0001	/* mount goes before others in union directory */
#define	MAFTER	0x0002	/* mount goes after others in union directory */
#define	MCREATE	0x0004	/* permit creation in mounted directory */
#define	MCACHE	0x0010	/* cache some data */
#define	MMASK	0x0017	/* all bits on */

#define	OREAD	0	/* open for read */
#define	OWRITE	1	/* write */
#define	ORDWR	2	/* read and write */
#define	OEXEC	3	/* execute, == read but check execute permission */
#define	OTRUNC	16	/* or'ed in (except for exec), truncate file first */
#define	OCEXEC	32	/* or'ed in, close on exec */
#define	ORCLOSE	64	/* or'ed in, remove on close */
#define	OEXCL	0x1000	/* or'ed in, exclusive use (create only) */

#define	AEXIST	0	/* accessible: exists */
#define	AEXEC	1	/* execute access */
#define	AWRITE	2	/* write access */
#define	AREAD	4	/* read access */

/* Segattch */
#define	SG_RONLY	0040	/* read only */
#define	SG_CEXEC	0100	/* detach on exec */

#define	NCONT	0	/* continue after note */
#define	NDFLT	1	/* terminate after note */
#define	NSAVE	2	/* clear note but hold state */
#define	NRSTR	3	/* restore saved state */

/* bits in Qid.type */
#define QTDIR		0x80		/* type bit for directories */
#define QTAPPEND	0x40		/* type bit for append only files */
#define QTEXCL		0x20		/* type bit for exclusive use files */
#define QTMOUNT		0x10		/* type bit for mounted channel */
#define QTAUTH		0x08		/* type bit for authentication file */
#define QTTMP		0x04		/* type bit for not-backed-up file */
#define QTFILE		0x00		/* plain file */

/* bits in Dir.mode */
#define DMDIR		0x80000000	/* mode bit for directories */
#define DMAPPEND	0x40000000	/* mode bit for append only files */
#define DMEXCL		0x20000000	/* mode bit for exclusive use files */
#define DMMOUNT		0x10000000	/* mode bit for mounted channel */
#define DMAUTH		0x08000000	/* mode bit for authentication file */
#define DMTMP		0x04000000	/* mode bit for non-backed-up files */
#define DMREAD		0x4		/* mode bit for read permission */
#define DMWRITE		0x2		/* mode bit for write permission */
#define DMEXEC		0x1		/* mode bit for execute permission */

/* rfork */
enum
{
	RFNAMEG		= (1<<0),
	RFENVG		= (1<<1),
	RFFDG		= (1<<2),
	RFNOTEG		= (1<<3),
	RFPROC		= (1<<4),
	RFMEM		= (1<<5),
	RFNOWAIT	= (1<<6),
	RFCNAMEG	= (1<<10),
	RFCENVG		= (1<<11),
	RFCFDG		= (1<<12),
	RFREND		= (1<<13),
	RFNOMNT		= (1<<14)
};

typedef
struct Qid
{
	uvlong	path;
	ulong	vers;
	uchar	type;
} Qid;

typedef
struct Dir {
	/* system-modified data */
	ushort	type;	/* server type */
	uint	dev;	/* server subtype */
	/* file data */
	Qid	qid;	/* unique id from server */
	ulong	mode;	/* permissions */
	ulong	atime;	/* last read time */
	ulong	mtime;	/* last write time */
	vlong	length;	/* file length */
	char	*name;	/* last element of path */
	char	*uid;	/* owner name */
	char	*gid;	/* group name */
	char	*muid;	/* last modifier name */
} Dir;

/* keep /sys/src/ape/lib/ap/plan9/sys9.h in sync with this -rsc */
typedef
struct Waitmsg
{
	int	pid;		/* of loved one */
	ulong	time[3];	/* of loved one & descendants */
	char	*msg;
} Waitmsg;

typedef
struct IOchunk
{
	void	*addr;
	ulong	len;
} IOchunk;

extern	void	_exits(char*);

extern	void	abort(void);
extern	int	access(char*, int);
extern	long	alarm(ulong);
extern	int	await(char*, int);
extern	int	bind(char*, char*, int);
extern	int	brk(void*);
extern	int	chdir(char*);
extern	int	close(int);
extern	int	create(char*, int, ulong);
extern	int	dup(int, int);
extern	int	errstr(char*, uint);
extern	int	exec(char*, char*[]);
extern	int	execl(char*, ...);
extern	int	fork(void);
extern	int	rfork(int);
extern	int	fauth(int, char*);
extern	int	fstat(int, uchar*, int);
extern	int	fwstat(int, uchar*, int);
extern	int	fversion(int, int, char*, int);
extern	int	mount(int, int, char*, int, char*);
extern	int	unmount(char*, char*);
extern	int	noted(int);
extern	int	notify(void(*)(void*, char*));
extern	int	open(char*, int);
extern	int	fd2path(int, char*, int);
extern	int	pipe(int*);
extern	long	pread(int, void*, long, vlong);
extern	long	preadv(int, IOchunk*, int, vlong);
extern	long	pwrite(int, void*, long, vlong);
extern	long	pwritev(int, IOchunk*, int, vlong);
extern	long	read(int, void*, long);
extern	long	readn(int, void*, long);
extern	long	readv(int, IOchunk*, int);
extern	int	remove(char*);
extern	void*	sbrk(ulong);
extern	long	oseek(int, long, int);
extern	vlong	seek(int, vlong, int);
extern	void*	segattach(int, char*, void*, ulong);
extern	void*	segbrk(void*, void*);
extern	int	segdetach(void*);
extern	int	segflush(void*, ulong);
extern	int	segfree(void*, ulong);
extern	int	semacquire(long*, int);
extern	long	semrelease(long*, long);
extern	int	sleep(long);
extern	int	stat(char*, uchar*, int);
extern	int	tsemacquire(long*, ulong);
extern	Waitmsg*	wait(void);
extern	int	waitpid(void);
extern	long	write(int, void*, long);
extern	long	writev(int, IOchunk*, int);
extern	int	wstat(char*, uchar*, int);
extern	void*	rendezvous(void*, void*);

extern	Dir*	dirstat(char*);
extern	Dir*	dirfstat(int);
extern	int	dirwstat(char*, Dir*);
extern	int	dirfwstat(int, Dir*);
extern	long	dirread(int, Dir**);
extern	void	nulldir(Dir*);
extern	long	dirreadall(int, Dir**);
extern	int	getpid(void);
extern	int	getppid(void);
extern	void	rerrstr(char*, uint);
extern	char*	sysname(void);
extern	void	werrstr(char*, ...);
#pragma	varargck	argpos	werrstr	1

extern	long	ainc(long*);
extern	long	adec(long*);

extern char *argv0;
#define	ARGBEGIN	for((argv0||(argv0=*argv)),argv++,argc--;\
			    argv[0] && argv[0][0]=='-' && argv[0][1];\
			    argc--, argv++) {\
				char *_args, *_argt;\
				Rune _argc;\
				_args = &argv[0][1];\
				if(_args[0]=='-' && _args[1]==0){\
					argc--; argv++; break;\
				}\
				_argc = 0;\
				while(*_args && (_args += chartorune(&_argc, _args)))\
				switch(_argc)
#define	ARGEND		SET(_argt);USED(_argt,_argc,_args);}USED(argv, argc);
#define	ARGF()		(_argt=_args, _args="",\
				(*_argt? _argt: argv[1]? (argc--, *++argv): 0))
#define	EARGF(x)	(_argt=_args, _args="",\
				(*_argt? _argt: argv[1]? (argc--, *++argv): ((x), abort(), (char*)0)))

#define	ARGC()		_argc

/* this is used by sbrk and brk,  it's a really bad idea to redefine it */
extern	char	end[];