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+.HTML "The 64-bit Standalone Plan 9 File Server
+.de Ex
+.TA 0.5i 1i 1.5i 2i 2.5i 3i 3.5i 4i 4.5i 5i 5.5i
+.P1
+.TA 0.5i 1i 1.5i 2i 2.5i 3i 3.5i 4i 4.5i 5i 5.5i
+..
+.de Ee
+.P2
+..
+
+.EQ
+delim $$
+.EN
+.FP lucidasans
+
+.TL
+The 64-bit Standalone Plan 9 File Server
+.AU
+Ken Thompson*
+.CW ken@plan9.bell-labs.com
+.FS
+\l'4i'
+.br
+* now
+.\" .CW ken@entrisphere.com
+.CW ken@google.com
+.FE
+.AU
+Geoff Collyer
+.CW geoff@plan9.bell-labs.com
+.AI
+.MH
+.AB
+This paper is a revision of Thompson's
+.I "The Plan 9 File Server" ,
+and describes the structure
+and the operation of the new 64-bit Plan 9 file servers.
+Some specifics apply to the 32-bit
+Plan 9 file server
+Emelie,
+which code is also the basis for
+the user-level file server
+.CW kfs .
+.PP
+In 2004,
+Collyer created a 64-bit version of
+Thompson's 32-bit file server, updating all file
+offsets, sizes and block numbers to 64 bits.
+In addition, triple- and quadruple-indirect
+blocks were implemented.
+File name components were extended from 27 to 55 bytes.
+This code is also the basis for the user-level file server
+.I cwfs (4).
+.AE
+.SH
+Introduction
+.PP
+The Plan 9 file server
+Emelie
+is the oldest piece of system software
+still in use on Plan 9.
+It evolved from a user-level program that served
+serial lines on a Sequent multi-processor.
+The current implementation is neither clean nor
+portable,
+but it has slowly come to terms with
+its particular set of cranky computers
+and devices.
+.PP
+The file server
+.I fs64
+runs a revision of Emelie's code
+with 64-bit file sizes, offsets and block numbers
+and indirect blocks from single to quadruple.
+Actually these are 63-bit values, since the type used is
+.I vlong
+(signed
+.I "long long"
+integer),
+but 63 bits should suffice for a little while.