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-.TH FOSSIL 4
-.SH NAME
-fossil, flchk, flfmt \- archival file server
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B fossil/fossil
-[
-.B -Dt
-]
-[
-.B -c
-.I cmd
-]...
-[
-.B -f
-.I file
-]
-[
-.B -m
-.I free-memory%
-]
-.PP
-.B fossil/flchk
-[
-.B -f
-]
-[
-.B -c
-.I ncache
-]
-[
-.B -h
-.I host
-]
-.I file
-.PP
-.B fossil/flfmt
-[
-.B -y
-]
-[
-.B -b
-.I blocksize
-]
-[
-.B -h
-.I host
-]
-[
-.B -l
-.I label
-]
-[
-.B -v
-.I score
-]
-.I file
-.PP
-.B fossil/conf
-[
-.B -w
-]
-.I file
-[
-.I config
-]
-.PP
-.B fossil/last
-.I file
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.I Fossil
-is the main file system for Plan 9.
-Unlike the Plan 9 file servers of old,
-.I fossil
-is a collection of user-space programs that run on a standard Plan 9 kernel.
-The name of the main fossil file server at Murray Hill is
-.BR pie .
-The Plan 9 distribution file server,
-.BR sources ,
-is also a fossil server.
-.PP
-.I Fossil
-is structured as a magnetic disk write buffer
-optionally backed by a Venti server for archival storage.
-It serves the Plan 9 protocol via TCP.
-A
-.I fossil
-file server conventionally presents
-three trees in the root directory of each file system:
-.BR active ,
-.BR archive ,
-and
-.BR snapshot .
-.B /active
-is the root of a conventional file system
-whose blocks are stored in a disk file.
-In a typical configuration, the file server periodically
-marks the entire file system copy-on-write, effectively
-taking a snapshot of the file system at that moment.
-This snapshot is made available in a name
-created from the date and time of the snapshot:
-.BI /snapshot/ yyyy / mmdd / hhmm \fR,
-where
-.I yyyy
-is the full year,
-.I mm
-is the month number,
-.I dd
-is the day number,
-.I hh
-is the hour,
-and
-.I mm
-is the minute.
-The snapshots in
-.B /snapshot
-are ephemeral: eventually they are deleted
-to reclaim the disk space they occupy.
-Long-lasting snapshots stored on a Venti server
-are kept in 
-.B /archive
-and also named from the date (though not the time) of the snapshot:
-.BI /archive/ yyyy / mmdds \fR,
-where
-.IR yyyy ,
-.IR mm ,
-and
-.I dd
-are year, month, and day as before,
-and
-.I s
-is a sequence number if more than one
-archival snapshot is done in a day.
-For the first snapshot,
-.I s
-is null.
-For the subsequent snapshots,
-.I s
-is
-.BR .1 ,
-.BR .2 ,
-.BR .3 ,
-etc.
-The root of the main file system that is frozen
-for the first archival snapshot of December 15, 2002
-will be named
-.BR /archive/2002/1215/ .
-.PP
-The attach name used in
-.I mount
-(see
-.IR bind (1),
-.IR bind (2)
-and
-.IR attach (5))
-selects a file system to be served
-and optionally a subtree,
-in the format
-.IB fs \fR[\fB/ dir \fR].
-An empty attach name selects
-.BR main/active .
-.PP
-.I Fossil
-normally requires all users except
-.L none
-to provide authentication tickets on each
-.IR attach (5).
-To keep just anyone from connecting,
-.L none
-is only allowed to attach after another user
-has successfully attached on the same
-connection.
-The other user effectively acts as a chaperone
-for
-.LR none .
-Authentication can be disabled using the
-.B -A
-flag to
-.B open
-or
-.B srv
-(see
-.IR fossilcons (8)).
-.PP
-The groups called
-.B noworld
-and
-.B write
-are special on the file server.
-Any user belonging to
-.B noworld
-has attenuated access privileges.
-Specifically, when checking such a user's access to files,
-the file's permission bits are first ANDed
-with 0770 for normal files and 0771 for directories.
-The effect is to deny world access permissions to
-.B noworld
-users, except when walking into directories.
-If the
-.B write
-group exists, then the file system appears read-only
-to users not in the group.
-This is used to make the Plan 9 distribution file server
-.RI ( sources.cs.bell-labs.com )
-readable by the world but writable only to the developers.
-.PP
-.I Fossil
-starts a new instance of the fossil file server.
-It is configured mainly through console commands,
-documented in
-.IR fossilcons (8).
-.PP
-The options are:
-.TP
-.B -D
-Toggle the debugging flag, which is initially off.
-When the flag is set, information about authentication
-and all protocol messages are written to standard error.
-.TP
-.B -t
-Start a file server console on
-.BR /dev/cons .
-If this option is given,
-.I fossil
-does not fork itself into the background.
-.TP
-.BI -c " cmd
-Execute the console command
-.IR cmd .
-This option may be repeated to give multiple
-commands.
-Typically the only commands given on the
-command line are
-.RB `` . \fIfile \fR,''
-which executes a file containing commands,
-and
-.RB `` "srv -p" \fIcons \fR,''
-which starts a file server console on
-.BI /srv/ cons \fR.
-See
-.IR fossilcons (8)
-for more information.
-.TP
-.BI -f " file
-Read and execute console commands stored in the Fossil disk 
-.IR file .
-.I Conf
-.RI ( q.v. )
-reads and writes the command set stored in the disk.
-.TP
-.B -m
-Allocate
-.I free-memory%
-percent of the available free RAM for buffers.
-This overrides all other memory sizing parameters,
-notably the
-.B -c
-option to
-.BR open .
-.PD
-.PP
-.I Flchk
-checks the fossil file system stored in
-.I file
-for inconsistencies.
-.I Flchk
-is deprecated in favor of the console
-.B check
-command (see
-.IR fossilcons (8)).
-.I Flchk
-prints
-.I fossil
-console commands that may be
-executed to take care of
-bad pointers
-.RB ( clrp ),
-bad entries
-.RB ( clre ),
-bad directory entries
-.RB ( clri ),
-unreachable blocks
-.RB ( bfree ).
-Console commands are interspersed with
-more detailed commentary on the file system.
-The commands are distinguished by being prefixed with
-sharp signs.
-Note that all proposed fixes are rather drastic: offending
-pieces of file system are simply chopped off.
-.PP
-.I Flchk
-does
-.I not
-modify the file system, so it is safe to
-run concurrently with
-.IR fossil ,
-though in this case
-the list of unreachable
-blocks and any inconsistencies involving the active file system
-should be taken with a grain of salt.
-.PP
-The options are:
-.TP
-.B -f
-Fast mode.
-By default,
-.I flchk
-checks the entire file system image for consistency,
-which includes all the archives to Venti
-and can take a very long time.
-In fast mode,
-.I flchk
-avoids walking in Venti blocks
-whenever possible.
-.TP
-.BI -c " ncache
-Keep a cache of
-.I ncache
-(by default, 1000)
-file system blocks in memory during the check.
-.TP
-.BI -h " host
-Use
-.I host
-as the Venti server.
-.PD
-.PP
-.I Flfmt
-prepares
-.I file
-as a new fossil file system.
-The file system is initialized with three empty directories
-.BR active ,
-.BR archive ,
-and
-.BR snapshot ,
-as described above.
-The options are:
-.TP
-.B -y
-Yes mode.
-By default,
-.I flfmt
-will prompt for confirmation before formatting
-a file that already contains a fossil file system,
-and before formatting a file that is not served
-directly by a kernel device.
-If the
-.B -y
-flag is given, no such checks are made.
-.TP
-.BI -b " blocksize
-Set the file system block size (by default, 8192).
-.TP
-.BI -h " host
-Use
-.I host
-as the Venti server.
-.TP
-.BI -l " label
-Set the textual label on the file system to
-.IR label .
-The label is only a comment.
-.TP
-.BI -v " score
-Initialize the file system using the vac file
-system stored on Venti at
-.IR score .
-The score should have been generated by
-.I fossil
-rather than by
-.IR vac (1),
-so that the appropriate snapshot metadata is present.
-.PD
-.PP
-.I Conf
-reads or writes the configuration branded on the Fossil disk
-.IR file .
-By default, it reads the configuration from the disk and prints it to
-standard output.
-If the
-.B -w
-flag is given,
-.I conf
-reads a new configuration from 
-.I config
-(or else from standard input)
-and writes it to the disk.
-Inside the configuration file, the argument
-.L *
-may be used to stand in for the name of the disk holding the configuration.
-The Plan 9 kernel boot process runs
-.RB `` fossil
-.B -f
-.IR disk ''
-to start a Fossil file server.
-The disk is just a convenient place to store configuration
-information.
-.PP
-.I Last
-prints the vac score that resulted after the most recent archival snapshot 
-of the fossil in
-.I file.
-.SH EXAMPLES
-.PP
-Place the root of the archive file system on
-.B /n/dump
-and show the modified times of the MIPS C compiler
-over all dumps in December 2002:
-.IP
-.EX
-9fs dump
-ls -l /n/dump/2002/12*/mips/bin/vc
-.EE
-.PP
-To get only one line of output for each version of the compiler:
-.IP
-.EX
-ls -lp /n/dump/2002/12*/mips/bin/vc | uniq
-.EE
-.ne 14
-.PP
-Initialize a new file system, start the server with permission
-checking turned off, create a users file, and mount the server:
-.IP
-.EX
-fossil/flfmt /dev/sdC0/fossil
-fossil/conf -w /dev/sdC0/fossil <<EOF
-fsys main config /dev/sdC0/fossil
-fsys main open -AWP
-fsys main
-create /active/adm adm sys d775
-create /active/adm/users adm sys 664
-users -w
-srv -p fscons
-srv fossil
-EOF
-fossil/fossil -f /dev/sdC0/fossil
-mount /srv/fossil /n/fossil
-.EE
-.LP
-See the discussion of the
-.B users
-and
-.B uname
-commands in
-.IR fossilcons (8)
-for more about the user table.
-.ne 3
-.PP
-Perhaps because the disk has been corrupted or replaced,
-format a new file system using the last archive score printed
-on the console:
-.IP
-.EX
-fossil/flfmt -v b9b3...5559 /dev/sdC0/fossil
-.EE
-.LP
-Note that while
-.B /snapshot
-will be lost,
-.B /active
-and
-.B /archive
-will be restored to their contents at the time of the
-last archival snapshot.
-.ne 3
-.PP
-Blindly accept the changes prescribed by
-.I flchk
-(not recommended):
-.IP
-.EX
-fossil/flchk /dev/sdC0/fossil | sed -n 's/^# //p' >>/srv/fscons
-.EE
-.LP
-A better strategy is to vet the output,
-filter out any suggestions you're not comfortable with,
-and then use the
-.I sed
-command to prepare the script.
-.SH SOURCE
-.B /sys/src/cmd/fossil
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR yesterday (1),
-.IR fs (3),
-.IR fs (4),
-.IR srv (4),
-.IR fossilcons (8),
-.IR venti (8)
-.SH BUGS
-It is possible that the disk format (but not the Venti format)
-will change in the future, to make the disk a full cache
-rather than just a write buffer.
-Changing to the new format will require reformatting
-the disk as in the example above,
-but note that this will preserve most of the file system
-(all but
-.BR /snapshot )
-with little effort.
-.PP
-The
-.B -m
-option currently assumes a block size of 8K bytes,
-and a single file system per
-.I fossil
-instance.