Import sources from 2011-03-30 iso image

10 files changed, 5263 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/1l/asm.c b/sys/src/cmd/1l/asm.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6cf02ed8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/1l/asm.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1529 @@
+#include	"l.h"
+
+short	opa[20];
+short	*op;
+
+long
+entryvalue(void)
+{
+	char *a;
+	Sym *s;
+
+	a = INITENTRY;
+	if(*a >= '0' && *a <= '9')
+		return atolwhex(a);
+	s = lookup(a, 0);
+	if(s->type == 0)
+		return INITTEXT;
+	if(s->type != STEXT)
+		diag("entry not text: %s", s->name);
+	return s->value;
+}
+
+void
+asmb(void)
+{
+	Prog *p;
+	long v;
+	int a;
+	short *op1;
+
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f asmb\n", cputime());
+	Bflush(&bso);
+
+	seek(cout, HEADR, 0);
+	pc = INITTEXT;
+	curp = firstp;
+	for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		if(p->as == ATEXT)
+			curtext = p;
+		if(p->pc != pc) {
+			if(!debug['a'])
+				print("%P\n", curp);
+			diag("phase error %.4lux sb %.4lux in %s", p->pc, pc, TNAME);
+			pc = p->pc;
+		}
+		curp = p;
+		if(debug['a'])
+			Bprint(&bso, "%lux:%P\n", pc, curp);
+		asmins(p);
+		if(cbc < sizeof(opa))
+			cflush();
+		for(op1 = opa; op1 < op; op1++) {
+			a = *op1;
+			*cbp++ = a >> 8;
+			*cbp++ = a;
+		}
+		a = 2*(op - opa);
+		pc += a;
+		cbc -= a;
+		if(debug['a']) {
+			for(op1 = opa; op1 < op; op1++)
+				if(op1 == opa)
+					Bprint(&bso, "\t\t%4ux", *op1 & 0xffff);
+				else
+					Bprint(&bso, " %4ux", *op1 & 0xffff);
+			if(op != opa)
+				Bprint(&bso, "\n");
+		}
+	}
+	cflush();
+	switch(HEADTYPE) {
+	case 0:	/* this is garbage */
+		seek(cout, rnd(HEADR+textsize, 8192), 0);
+		break;
+	case 1:	/* plan9 boot data goes into text */
+		seek(cout, rnd(HEADR+textsize, INITRND), 0);
+		break;
+	case 2:	/* plan 9 */
+		seek(cout, HEADR+textsize, 0);
+		break;
+	case 3:	/* next boot */
+		seek(cout, HEADR+rnd(textsize, INITRND), 0);
+		break;
+	case 4:	/* preprocess pilot */
+		seek(cout, HEADR+textsize, 0);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f datblk\n", cputime());
+	Bflush(&bso);
+
+	for(v = 0; v < datsize; v += sizeof(buf)-100) {
+		if(datsize-v > sizeof(buf)-100)
+			datblk(v, sizeof(buf)-100);
+		else
+			datblk(v, datsize-v);
+	}
+
+	symsize = 0;
+	spsize = 0;
+	lcsize = 0;
+	relocsize = 0;
+
+	Bflush(&bso);
+
+	switch(HEADTYPE) {
+	default:
+		seek(cout, rnd(HEADR+textsize, 8192)+datsize, 0);
+		break;
+	case 1:	/* plan9 boot data goes into text */
+		seek(cout, rnd(HEADR+textsize, INITRND)+datsize, 0);
+		break;
+	case 2:	/* plan 9 */
+		seek(cout, HEADR+textsize+datsize, 0);
+		break;
+	case 3:	/* next boot */
+		seek(cout, HEADR+rnd(textsize, INITRND)+datsize, 0);
+		break;
+	case 4:	/* preprocess pilot */
+		seek(cout, HEADR+textsize+datsize, 0);
+		break;
+	}
+	if(!debug['s']) {
+		if(debug['v'])
+			Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f sym\n", cputime());
+		asmsym();
+	}
+	Bflush(&bso);
+	if(!debug['s']) {
+		if(debug['v'])
+			Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f sp\n", cputime());
+		asmsp();
+	}
+	Bflush(&bso);
+	if(!debug['s']) {
+		if(debug['v'])
+			Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f pc\n", cputime());
+		asmlc();
+	}
+	Bflush(&bso);
+	if(!debug['s']) {
+		if(debug['v'])
+			Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f reloc\n", cputime());
+		asmreloc();
+	}
+	cflush();
+
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f headr\n", cputime());
+	Bflush(&bso);
+	seek(cout, 0L, 0);
+	switch(HEADTYPE) {
+	default:
+		lput(0x160L<<16);		/* magic and sections */
+		lput(0L);			/* time and date */
+		lput(rnd(HEADR+textsize, 4096)+datsize);
+		lput(symsize);			/* nsyms */
+		lput((0x38L<<16)|7L);		/* size of optional hdr and flags */
+		lput((0413<<16)|0437L);		/* magic and version */
+		lput(rnd(HEADR+textsize, 4096));	/* sizes */
+		lput(datsize);
+		lput(bsssize);
+		lput(entryvalue());		/* va of entry */
+		lput(INITTEXT-HEADR);		/* va of base of text */
+		lput(INITDAT);			/* va of base of data */
+		lput(INITDAT+datsize);		/* va of base of bss */
+		lput(~0L);			/* gp reg mask */
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(~0L);			/* gp value ?? */
+		break;
+	case 1:	/* plan9 boot data goes into text */
+		lput(0407);			/* magic */
+		lput(rnd(HEADR+textsize, INITRND)-HEADR+datsize);		/* sizes */
+		lput(0);
+		lput(bsssize);
+		lput(symsize);			/* nsyms */
+		lput(entryvalue());		/* va of entry */
+		lput(spsize);			/* sp offsets */
+		lput(lcsize);			/* line offsets */
+		break;
+	case 2:	/* plan 9 */
+		lput(0407);			/* magic */
+		lput(textsize);			/* sizes */
+		lput(datsize);
+		lput(bsssize);
+		lput(symsize);			/* nsyms */
+		lput(entryvalue());		/* va of entry */
+		lput(spsize);			/* sp offsets */
+		lput(lcsize);			/* line offsets */
+		break;
+	case 3:	/* next boot */
+		/* header */
+		lput(0xfeedfaceL);			/* magic */
+		lput(6);				/* 68040 */
+		lput(1);				/* more 68040 */
+		lput(5);				/* file type 'boot' */
+		lput(HEADTYPE);				/* number commands */
+		lput(HEADR-7*4);			/* sizeof commands */
+		lput(1);				/* no undefineds */
+		/* command 1 text */
+		lput(1);				/* command = 'segment' */
+		lput(124);				/* command size */
+		s16put("__TEXT");
+			/* botch?? entryvalue() */
+		lput(INITTEXT);				/* va of start */
+		lput(rnd(textsize, 8192));		/* va size */
+		lput(HEADR);				/* file offset */
+		lput(rnd(textsize, 8192));		/* file size */
+		lput(7);				/* max prot */
+		lput(7);				/* init prot */
+		lput(1);				/* number of sections */
+		lput(0);				/* flags */
+		/* text section */
+		s16put("__text");
+		s16put("__TEXT");
+			/* botch?? entryvalue() */
+		lput(INITTEXT);				/* va of start */
+		lput(textsize);				/* va size */
+		lput(HEADR);				/* file offset */
+		lput(2);				/* align */
+		lput(0);				/* reloff */
+		lput(0);				/* nreloc */
+		lput(0);				/* flags */
+		lput(0);				/* reserved1 */
+		lput(0);				/* reserved2 */
+		/* command 1 data */
+		lput(1);				/* command = 'segment' */
+		lput(192);				/* command size */
+		s16put("__DATA");
+		lput(INITDAT);				/* va of start */
+		lput(rnd(datsize, 8192));		/* va size */
+		lput(HEADR+rnd(textsize, 8192));	/* file offset */
+		lput(rnd(datsize, 8192));		/* file size */
+		lput(7);				/* max prot */
+		lput(7);				/* init prot */
+		lput(2);				/* number of sections */
+		lput(0);				/* flags */
+		/* data section */
+		s16put("__data");
+		s16put("__DATA");
+		lput(INITDAT);				/* va of start */
+		lput(datsize);				/* va size */
+		lput(HEADR+rnd(textsize, 8192));	/* file offset */
+		lput(2);				/* align */
+		lput(0);				/* reloff */
+		lput(0);				/* nreloc */
+		lput(0);				/* flags */
+		lput(0);				/* reserved1 */
+		lput(0);				/* reserved2 */
+		/* bss section */
+		s16put("__bss");
+		s16put("__DATA");
+		lput(INITDAT+datsize);			/* va of start */
+		lput(bsssize);				/* va size */
+		lput(0);				/* file offset */
+		lput(2);				/* align */
+		lput(0);				/* reloff */
+		lput(0);				/* nreloc */
+		lput(1);				/* flags = zero fill */
+		lput(0);				/* reserved1 */
+		lput(0);				/* reserved2 */
+		/* command 2 symbol */
+		lput(2);				/* command = 'symbol' */
+		lput(24);				/* command size */
+		lput(HEADR+rnd(textsize, INITRND)
+			+datsize);			/* symoff */
+		lput(symsize);				/* nsyms */
+		lput(spsize);				/* sp offsets */
+		lput(lcsize);				/* line offsets */
+		break;
+	case 4:	/* preprocess pilot */
+		lput(0407);			/* magic */
+		lput(textsize);			/* sizes */
+		lput(datsize);
+		lput(bsssize);
+		lput(symsize);			/* nsyms */
+		lput(entryvalue());		/* va of entry */
+		lput(spsize);			/* sp offsets */
+		lput(lcsize);			/* line offsets */
+		lput(relocsize);		/* relocation */
+		break;
+	}
+	cflush();
+}
+
+void
+asmins(Prog *p)
+{
+	Optab *o;
+	int t, a, b;
+	long v;
+
+	op = opa + 1;
+	if(special[p->from.type])
+	switch(p->from.type) {
+
+	case D_CCR:
+		if(p->as != AMOVW)
+			goto bad;
+		a = asmea(p, &p->to);
+		if((a & 0170) == 010)
+			goto bad;
+		opa[0] = 0x42c0 | a;		/* mov from ccr */
+		return;
+
+	case D_SR:
+		if(p->as != AMOVW)
+			goto bad;
+		a = asmea(p, &p->to);
+		if((a & 0170) == 010)
+			goto bad;
+		opa[0] = 0x40c0 | a;		/* mov from sr */
+		return;
+
+	case D_USP:
+		if(p->as != AMOVL)
+			goto bad;
+		a = asmea(p, &p->to);
+		if((a & 0170) == 010) {
+			opa[0] = 0x4e68|(a&7);	/* mov usp An */
+			return;
+		}
+		t = 0x800;
+		goto movec1;
+
+	case D_SFC:
+		t = 0x000;
+		goto movec1;
+
+	case D_DFC:
+		t = 0x001;
+		goto movec1;
+
+	case D_CACR:
+		t = 0x002;
+		goto movec1;
+
+	case D_TC:
+		t = 0x003;
+		goto movec1;
+
+	case D_ITT0:
+		t = 0x004;
+		goto movec1;
+
+	case D_ITT1:
+		t = 0x005;
+		goto movec1;
+
+	case D_DTT0:
+		t = 0x006;
+		goto movec1;
+
+	case D_DTT1:
+		t = 0x007;
+		goto movec1;
+
+	case D_VBR:
+		t = 0x801;
+		goto movec1;
+
+	case D_CAAR:
+		t = 0x802;
+		goto movec1;
+
+	case D_MSP:
+		t = 0x803;
+		goto movec1;
+
+	case D_ISP:
+		t = 0x804;
+		goto movec1;
+
+	case D_MMUSR:
+		t = 0x805;
+		goto movec1;
+
+	case D_URP:
+		t = 0x806;
+		goto movec1;
+
+	case D_SRP:
+		t = 0x807;
+		goto movec1;
+
+	movec1:
+		if(p->as != AMOVL)
+			goto bad;
+		opa[0] = 0x4e7a;			/* mov spc Dn */
+		a = asmea(p, &p->to);
+		b = a & 0170;
+		if(b == 0 || b == 010) {
+			*op++ = (a<<12) | t;
+			return;
+		}
+		goto bad;
+
+	case D_FPCR:
+		t = 0xb000;
+		goto movec3;
+
+	case D_FPSR:
+		t = 0xa800;
+		goto movec3;
+
+	case D_FPIAR:
+		t = 0xa400;
+
+	movec3:
+		if(p->as != AMOVL)
+			goto bad;
+		op++;
+		a = asmea(p, &p->to);
+		opa[0] = optab[AFMOVEL].opcode0 | a;
+		opa[1] = t;
+		return;
+	}
+	if(special[p->to.type])
+	switch(p->to.type) {
+
+	case D_CCR:
+		if(p->as != AMOVW)		/* botch, needs and, eor etc. */
+			goto bad;
+		a = asmea(p, &p->from);
+		if((a & 0170) == 010)
+			goto bad;
+		opa[0] = 0x44c0 | a;		/* mov to ccr */
+		return;
+
+	case D_SR:
+		if(p->as != AMOVW)		/* botch, needs and, eor etc. */
+			goto bad;
+		a = asmea(p, &p->from);
+		if((a & 0170) == 010)
+			goto bad;
+		opa[0] = 0x46c0 | a;		/* mov to sr */
+		return;
+
+	case D_USP:
+		if(p->as != AMOVL)
+			goto bad;
+		a = asmea(p, &p->from);
+		if((a & 0170) == 010) {
+			opa[0] = 0x4e60|(a&7);	/* mov An usp */
+			return;
+		}
+		t = 0x800;
+		goto movec2;
+
+	case D_SFC:
+		t = 0x000;
+		goto movec2;
+
+	case D_DFC:
+		t = 0x001;
+		goto movec2;
+
+	case D_CACR:
+		t = 0x002;
+		goto movec2;
+
+	case D_TC:
+		t = 0x003;
+		goto movec2;
+
+	case D_ITT0:
+		t = 0x004;
+		goto movec2;
+
+	case D_ITT1:
+		t = 0x005;
+		goto movec2;
+
+	case D_DTT0:
+		t = 0x006;
+		goto movec2;
+
+	case D_DTT1:
+		t = 0x007;
+		goto movec2;
+
+	case D_VBR:
+		t = 0x801;
+		goto movec2;
+
+	case D_CAAR:
+		t = 0x802;
+		goto movec2;
+
+	case D_MSP:
+		t = 0x803;
+		goto movec2;
+
+	case D_ISP:
+		t = 0x804;
+		goto movec2;
+
+	case D_MMUSR:
+		t = 0x805;
+		goto movec2;
+
+	case D_URP:
+		t = 0x806;
+		goto movec2;
+
+	case D_SRP:
+		t = 0x807;
+		goto movec2;
+
+	movec2:
+		if(p->as != AMOVL)
+			goto bad;
+		opa[0] = 0x4e7b;			/* mov Dn spc */
+		a = asmea(p, &p->from);
+		b = a & 0170;
+		if(b == 0 || b == 010) {
+			*op++ = (a<<12) | t;
+			return;
+		}
+		goto bad;
+
+	case D_FPCR:
+		t = 0x9000;
+		goto movec4;
+
+	case D_FPSR:
+		t = 0x8800;
+		goto movec4;
+
+	case D_FPIAR:
+		t = 0x8400;
+
+	movec4:
+		if(p->as != AMOVL)
+			goto bad;
+		op++;
+		a = asmea(p, &p->from);
+		opa[0] = optab[AFMOVEL].opcode0 | a;
+		opa[1] = t;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	o = &optab[p->as];
+	t = o->opcode0;
+	switch(o->optype) {
+	case 0:		/* pseudo ops */
+		if(p->as != ATEXT && p->as != ANOP) {
+			if(!debug['a'])
+				print("%P\n", p);
+			diag("unimplemented instruction in %s", TNAME);
+			return;
+		}
+		op = opa;
+		return;
+
+	case 1:		/* branches */
+		if(p->to.type != D_BRANCH)
+			goto bad;
+		a = asmea(p, &p->to);
+		if(a == 071)
+			t = o->opcode1;
+		t |= a;
+		break;
+
+	case 2:		/* move */
+		a = asmea(p, &p->from);
+		b = asmea(p, &p->to);
+		if((a & 0170) == 0110) { /* src quick */
+			t = o->opcode1;
+			if((b & 0170) != 0)
+				goto bad;
+			t |= a >> 7;
+			t |= b << 9;
+			break;
+		}
+		t |= a;
+		t |= (b&7) << 9;
+		t |= (b&070) << 3;
+		break;
+
+	case 3:		/* add */
+		a = asmea(p, &p->from);
+		b = asmea(p, &p->to);
+		if((a & 0170) == 0110) { /* src quick */
+			t = o->opcode1;
+			t |= (a&01600) << 2;
+			t |= b;
+			break;
+		}
+		if((b & 0170) == 0) { /* dst Dn */
+			t |= a;
+			t |= (b & 7) << 9;
+			break;
+		}
+		if((b & 0170) == 010) { /* dst An */
+			if((t & 0xc0) == 0)
+				goto bad;
+			t = o->opcode2;
+			t |= a;						
+			t |= (b & 7) << 9;
+			break;
+		}
+		if((a & 0170) == 0) { /* src Dn */
+			t |= 0x100;
+			t |= (a & 7) << 9;
+			t |= b;
+			break;
+		}
+		if((a & 0177) == 074) { /* src immed */
+			t = o->opcode3;
+			t |= b;
+			break;
+		}
+		goto bad;
+
+	case 4:		/* no operands */
+		break;
+
+	case 5:		/* tst */
+		t |= asmea(p, &p->to);
+		if((t&0170) == 010)
+			goto bad;
+		break;
+
+	case 6:		/* lea */
+		a = asmea(p, &p->from);
+		b = asmea(p, &p->to);
+		if((b & 0170) != 010)
+			goto bad;
+		t |= a;
+		t |= (b & 7) << 9;
+		break;
+
+	case 7:		/* cmp */
+		b = asmea(p, &p->to);
+		a = asmea(p, &p->from);
+		if((a & 0170) == 010) {	/* dst An */
+			t = o->opcode1;
+			if(t == 0)	/* cmpb illegal */
+				goto bad;
+			t |= 0xc0;
+			t |= b;						
+			t |= (a & 7) << 9;
+			break;
+		}
+		if((b & 0177) == 074) { /* src immed */
+			t = o->opcode2;
+			t |= a;
+			break;
+		}
+		if((a & 0170) == 0) {	/* dst Dn */
+			t |= b;
+			t |= (a&7) << 9;
+			break;
+		}
+		if((b&0170) == 030 && (a&0170) == 030) { /* (A)+,(A)+ */
+			t = o->opcode3;
+			t |= b & 7;
+			t |= (a & 7) << 9;
+			break;
+		}
+		goto bad;
+
+	case 8:		/* svc */
+		*op++ = optab[ARTS].opcode0;
+		break;
+
+	case 9:		/* and */
+		a = asmea(p, &p->from);
+		b = asmea(p, &p->to);
+		if((a & 0170) == 010)
+			goto bad;
+		if((b & 0170) == 0) { /* dst Dn */
+			t |= a;
+			t |= (b&7) << 9;
+			break;
+		}
+		if((a & 0170) == 0) { /* src Dn */
+			t = o->opcode1;
+			t |= b;
+			t |= (a&7) << 9;
+			break;
+		}
+		if((a & 0177) == 074) { /* src immed */
+			t = o->opcode2;
+			t |= b;
+			break;
+		}
+		goto bad;
+
+	case 10:	/* eor */
+		a = asmea(p, &p->from);
+		b = asmea(p, &p->to);
+		if((a & 0170) == 010)
+			goto bad;
+		if((a & 0170) == 0) { /* src Dn */
+			t |= b;
+			t |= (a&7) << 9;
+			break;
+		}
+		if((a & 0177) == 074) { /* src immed */
+			t = o->opcode1;
+			t |= b;
+			break;
+		}
+		goto bad;
+
+	case 11:	/* ext */
+		b = asmea(p, &p->to);
+		if((b & 0170) == 0) { /* dst Dn */
+			t |= b;
+			break;
+		}
+		goto bad;
+
+	case 12:	/* shift */
+		a = asmea(p, &p->from);
+		b = asmea(p, &p->to);
+		if((b & 0170) == 0) { /* dst Dn */
+			if((a & 0177) == 0110) { /* src quick */
+				t |= (a & 01600) << 2;
+				t |= b;
+				break;
+			}
+			if((a & 0170) == 0) { /* src Dn */
+				t |= 0x20;
+				t |= a << 9;
+				t |= b;
+				break;
+			}
+			goto bad;
+		}
+		goto bad;
+
+	case 13:	/* mul, div short */
+		a = asmea(p, &p->from);
+		b = asmea(p, &p->to);
+		if((b & 0170) == 0) { /* dst Dn */
+			if((a & 0170) == 010)
+				goto bad;	
+			t |= a;
+			t |= b << 9;
+			break;
+		}
+		goto bad;
+
+	case 14:	/* mul, div long */
+		*op++ = o->opcode1;
+		a = asmea(p, &p->from);
+		b = asmea(p, &p->to);
+		if((b & 0170) == 0) { /* dst Dn */
+			if((a & 0170) == 010)
+				goto bad;	
+			t |= a;
+			opa[1] |= b << 12;
+			opa[1] |= b+1;
+			break;
+		}
+		goto bad;
+
+	case 15:	/* dec and branch */
+		if(p->to.type != D_BRANCH)
+			goto bad;
+		v = p->pcond->pc - p->pc - 2;
+		if(v < -32768L || v >= 32768L)
+			goto bad;
+		*op++ = v;
+		a = asmea(p, &p->from);
+		if((a & 0170) != 0)
+			goto bad;
+		t |= a;
+		break;
+
+	case 16:	/* fmove */
+		*op++ = o->opcode1;
+		a = asmea(p, &p->from);
+		b = asmea(p, &p->to);
+		if((a & 0170) == 0100) { /* src Fn */
+			if((b & 0170) == 0100) { /* both Fn */
+				opa[1] |= (a&7) << 10;
+				opa[1] |= (b&7) << 7;
+				break;
+			}
+			t |= b;
+			opa[1] = o->opcode2;
+			opa[1] |= (a&7) << 7;
+			break;
+		}
+		if((b & 0170) != 0100) /* dst Fn */
+			goto bad;
+		t |= a;
+		opa[1] = o->opcode3;
+		opa[1] |= (b&7) << 7;
+		break;
+
+	case 17:	/* floating ea,Fn */
+		*op++ = o->opcode1;
+		a = asmea(p, &p->from);
+		b = asmea(p, &p->to);
+		if((b & 0170) != 0100) /* dst Fn */
+			goto bad;
+		if((a & 0170) == 0100) { /* both Fn */
+			opa[1] |= (a&7) << 10;
+			opa[1] |= (b&7) << 7;
+			break;
+		}
+		t |= a;
+		opa[1] = o->opcode2;
+		opa[1] |= (b&7) << 7;
+		break;
+
+	case 18:	/* floating branchs */
+		if(p->to.type != D_BRANCH)
+			goto bad;
+		v = p->pcond->pc - p->pc - 2;
+		if(v < -32768L || v >= 32768L)
+			goto bad;
+		*op++ = v;
+		break;
+
+	case 19:	/* floating dec and branch */
+		if(p->to.type != D_BRANCH)
+			goto bad;
+		*op++ = o->opcode1;
+		v = p->pcond->pc - p->pc - 2;
+		if(v < -32768L || v >= 32768L)
+			goto bad;
+		*op++ = v;
+		a = asmea(p, &p->from);
+		if((a & 0170) != 0)
+			goto bad;
+		t |= a;
+		break;
+
+	case 20:	/* ftst ea */
+		*op++ = o->opcode1;
+		if(p->from.type != D_NONE)
+			goto bad;
+		a = asmea(p, &p->to);
+		if((a & 0170) == 0100) { /* Fn */
+			opa[1] |= (a&7) << 10;
+			break;
+		}
+		t |= a;
+		opa[1] = o->opcode2;
+		break;
+
+	case 21:	/* fneg */
+		*op++ = o->opcode1;
+		if(p->from.type == D_NONE) {
+			b = asmea(p, &p->to);
+			a = b;
+		} else {
+			a = asmea(p, &p->from);
+			b = asmea(p, &p->to);
+		}
+		if((b & 0170) != 0100) /* dst Fn */
+			goto bad;
+		if((a & 0170) == 0100) { /* both Fn */
+			opa[1] |= (a&7) << 10;
+			opa[1] |= (b&7) << 7;
+			break;
+		}
+		t |= a;
+		opa[1] = o->opcode2;
+		opa[1] |= (b&7) << 7;
+		break;
+
+	case 22:	/* floating cmp Fn,ea */
+		*op++ = o->opcode1;
+		a = asmea(p, &p->from);
+		b = asmea(p, &p->to);
+		if((a & 0170) != 0100) /* dst Fn */
+			goto bad;
+		if((b & 0170) == 0100) { /* both Fn */
+			opa[1] |= (b&7) << 10;
+			opa[1] |= (a&7) << 7;
+			break;
+		}
+		t |= b;
+		opa[1] = o->opcode2;
+		opa[1] |= (a&7) << 7;
+		break;
+
+	case 23:	/* word, long */
+		op = opa;
+		a = asmea(p, &p->to);
+		if(a == ((7<<3)|4))
+			return;
+		if(a == ((7<<3)|1)) {
+			if(p->as == AWORD) {
+				op = opa;
+				*op++ = opa[1];
+			}
+			return;
+		}
+		if(a == ((7<<3)|0)) {
+			if(p->as == ALONG) {
+				*op++ = opa[0];
+				opa[0] = 0;
+			}
+			return;
+		}
+		goto bad;
+
+	case 24:	/* bit field */
+		a = ((p->to.field&31)<<6) | (p->from.field&31);
+		if(p->as == ABFINS) {
+			b = asmea(p, &p->from);
+			if((b&0170) != 0)
+				goto bad;
+			a |= b<<12;
+			*op++ = a;
+			a = asmea(p, &p->to);
+		} else {
+			if(p->to.type != D_NONE) {
+				b = asmea(p, &p->to);
+				if((b&0170) != 0)
+					goto bad;
+				a |= b<<12;
+			}
+			*op++ = a;
+			a = asmea(p, &p->from);
+		}
+		t |= a;
+		a &= 0170;
+		if(a == 010 || a == 030 || a == 040 || a == 074)
+			goto bad;
+		break;
+
+	case 25:	/* movem */
+		if(p->from.type == D_CONST) { /* registers -> memory */
+			asmea(p, &p->from);
+			a = asmea(p, &p->to);
+			if(a == 074)
+				goto bad;
+			b = a & 0170;
+			if(b == 000 || b == 010 || b == 030)
+				goto bad;
+			t |= a;
+			break;
+		}
+		if(p->to.type == D_CONST) { /* memory -> registers */
+			t |= 0x400;
+			asmea(p, &p->to);
+			a = asmea(p, &p->from);
+			if(a == 074)
+				goto bad;
+			b = a & 0170;
+			if(b == 000 || b == 010 || b == 040)
+				goto bad;
+			t |= a;
+			break;
+		}
+		goto bad;
+
+	case 26:	/* chk */
+		a = asmea(p, &p->from);
+		if((a&0170) == 010)
+			goto bad;
+		b = asmea(p, &p->to);
+		if((b&0170) != 0)
+			goto bad;
+		t |= a;
+		t |= b<<9;
+		break;
+
+	case 27:	/* btst */
+		a = asmea(p, &p->from);
+		if(a == 074) {
+			t = o->opcode1;
+		} else
+		if((a&0170) != 0)
+			goto bad;
+		b = asmea(p, &p->to);
+		if(b == 074 || (b&0170) == 010)
+			goto bad;
+		t |= b;
+		break;
+
+	case 28:	/* fmovem */
+		if(p->from.type == D_CONST) { /* registers -> memory */
+			b = p->from.offset & 0xff;
+			b |= 0xf000;		/* control or postinc */
+			*op++ = b;
+			a = asmea(p, &p->to);
+			if(a == 074)
+				goto bad;
+			b = a & 0170;
+			if(b == 000 || b == 010 || b == 030)
+				goto bad;
+			if(b == 040)
+				op[-1] &= ~0x1000;	/* predec */
+			t |= a;
+			break;
+		}
+		if(p->to.type == D_CONST) { /* memory -> registers */
+			b = p->to.offset & 0xff;
+			b |= 0xd000;		/* control or postinc */
+			*op++ = b;
+			a = asmea(p, &p->from);
+			if(a == 074)
+				goto bad;
+			b = a & 0170;
+			if(b == 000 || b == 010 || b == 040)
+				goto bad;
+			t |= a;
+			break;
+		}
+		goto bad;
+
+	case 29:	/* fmovemc */
+		if(p->from.type == D_CONST) { /* registers -> memory */
+			b = (p->from.offset & 0x7) << 10;
+			b |= 0xa000;
+			*op++ = b;
+			a = asmea(p, &p->to);
+			if(a == 074)
+				goto bad;
+			b = a & 0170;
+			if(b == 000 || b == 010 || b == 030)
+				goto bad;
+			t |= a;
+			break;
+		}
+		if(p->to.type == D_CONST) { /* memory -> registers */
+			b = (p->to.offset & 0x7) << 10;
+			b |= 0x8000;
+			*op++ = b;
+			a = asmea(p, &p->from);
+			if(a == 074)
+				goto bad;
+			b = a & 0170;
+			if(b == 000 || b == 010 || b == 040)
+				goto bad;
+			t |= a;
+			break;
+		}
+		goto bad;
+
+	case 30:	/* trap */
+		if(p->to.type == D_CONST) {
+			t |= p->to.offset & 0xf;
+			break;
+		}
+		goto bad;
+
+	case 31:	/* chk2, cmp2 */
+		b = asmea(p, &p->to);
+		a = b & 0170;
+		if(a == 000 || a == 010) {
+			*op++ = o->opcode1 | (b << 12);
+			t |= asmea(p, &p->from);
+			break;
+		}
+		goto bad;
+
+	case 32:	/* casew */
+		/* jmp (0,pc,r0.w*1) */
+		casepc = p->pc;
+		*op++ = o->opcode1;
+		break;
+
+	case 34:	/* moves */
+		op++;
+		a = asmea(p, &p->from);
+		b = a & 0170;
+		if(b == 0 || b == 010) {
+			opa[1] = (a << 12) | 0x800;
+			b = asmea(p, &p->to);
+			a = b & 0170;
+			if(a == 0 || a == 010)
+				goto bad;
+			t |= b;
+			break;
+		}
+		t |= a;
+		b = asmea(p, &p->to);
+		a = b & 0170;
+		if(a != 0 && a != 010)
+			goto bad;
+		opa[1] = (b << 12);
+		break;
+
+	case 35:	/* swap */
+		a = asmea(p, &p->to);
+		if((a & 0170) == 0) {
+			t |= a;
+			break;
+		}
+		goto bad;
+	}
+	opa[0] = t;
+	return;
+
+bad:
+	if(!debug['a'])
+		print("%P\n", p);
+	diag("bad combination of addressing in %s", TNAME);
+	opa[0] = 0;
+}
+
+int
+asmea(Prog *p, Adr *a)
+{
+	Optab *o;
+	int f, t, r, i;
+	long v;
+
+	t = a->type;
+	r = simple[t];
+	v = a->offset;
+	if(r != 0177) {
+		if(v == 0)
+			return r;
+		if((r & 070) != 020)
+			return r;
+		if(v >= -32768L && v < 32768L) {
+			*op++ = v;
+			return t-D_A0-I_INDIR+050;	/* d(Ax) */
+		}
+		goto toobig;
+	}
+	f = 0;
+	if(a == &p->from)
+		f++;
+	o = &optab[p->as];
+	switch(t) {
+	case D_TOS:
+		if(f) {
+			if(o->srcsp)
+				return (3<<3) | 7;	/* (A7)+ */
+		} else
+			if(o->dstsp)
+				return (4<<3) | 7;	/* -(A7) */
+		return (2<<3) | 7;			/* (A7) */
+		
+	case D_BRANCH:
+		v = p->pcond->pc - p->pc - 2;
+		if(v < -32768L || v >= 32768L) {
+			if(p->as == ABSR || p->as == ABRA) {
+				v = p->pcond->pc;
+				*op++ = v>>16;
+				*op++ = v;
+				return (7<<3) | 1;
+			}
+			goto toobig;
+		}
+		if(v < -128 || v >= 128 || p->mark == 4) {
+			*op++ = v;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		return v & 0xff;
+
+	case I_ADDR|D_STATIC:
+	case I_ADDR|D_EXTERN:
+		t = a->sym->type;
+		if(t == 0 || t == SXREF) {
+			diag("undefined external: %s in %s",
+				a->sym->name, TNAME);
+			a->sym->type = SDATA;
+		}
+		v = a->sym->value + a->offset;
+		if(t != STEXT)
+			v += INITDAT;
+		if(strcmp(a->sym->name, "a6base"))
+			break;
+
+	case D_CONST:
+		switch(f? o->srcsp: o->dstsp) {
+		case 4:
+			*op++ = v>>16;
+
+		case 2:
+			*op++ = v;
+			break;
+
+		default:
+			diag("unknown srcsp asmea in %s", TNAME);
+		}
+		return (7<<3) | 4;
+
+	case D_FCONST:
+		r = f? o->srcsp: o->dstsp;
+		for(i=0; i<r; i++)
+			((char*)op)[i] = gnuxi(&a->ieee, i, r);
+		op += r/2;
+		return (7<<3) | 4;
+
+	case D_QUICK:
+		v = a->offset & 0xff;
+		return 0110 | (v<<7);
+			
+	case D_STACK:
+	case D_AUTO:
+	case D_PARAM:
+		if(v == 0)
+			return (2<<3) | 7;	/* (A7) */
+		if(v >= -32768L && v < 32768L) {
+			*op++ = v;
+			return (5<<3) | 7;	/* d(A7) */
+		}
+		goto toobig;
+
+	case I_INDIR|D_CONST:
+		if(v >= -32768L && v < 32768L) {
+			*op++ = v;
+			return (7<<3) | 0;
+		}
+		*op++ = v>>16;
+		*op++ = v;
+		return (7<<3) | 1;
+
+	case D_STATIC:
+	case D_EXTERN:
+		t = a->sym->type;
+		if(t == 0 || t == SXREF) {
+			diag("undefined external: %s in %s",
+				a->sym->name, TNAME);
+			a->sym->type = SDATA;
+		}
+		if(t == STEXT) {
+			if(HEADTYPE == 4) {
+				v = a->sym->value + a->offset - p->pc - 2;
+				if(v >= -32768L && v < 32768L) {
+					*op++ = v;
+					return (7<<3) | 2;
+				}
+				goto toobig;
+			}
+			v = a->sym->value + a->offset;
+			*op++ = v>>16;
+			*op++ = v;
+			return (7<<3) | 1;
+		}
+		v = a->sym->value + a->offset - A6OFFSET;
+		if(v < -32768L || v >= 32768L) {
+			v += INITDAT + A6OFFSET;
+			if(v >= -32768L && v < 32768L) {
+				*op++ = v;
+				return (7<<3) | 0;
+			}
+			*op++ = v>>16;
+			*op++ = v;
+			return (7<<3) | 1;
+		}
+		if(v == 0)
+			return (2<<3) | 6;
+		*op++ = v;
+		return (5<<3) | 6;
+	}
+	if(!debug['a'])
+		print("%P\n", p);
+	diag("unknown addressing mode: %d in %s", t, TNAME);
+	return 0;
+
+toobig:
+	if(!debug['a'])
+		print("%P\n", p);
+	diag("addressing mode >> 2^16: %d in %s", t, TNAME);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void
+lput(long l)
+{
+
+	CPUT(l>>24)
+	CPUT(l>>16)
+	CPUT(l>>8)
+	CPUT(l)
+}
+
+void
+s16put(char *n)
+{
+	char name[16];
+	int i;
+
+	strncpy(name, n, sizeof(name));
+	for(i=0; i<sizeof(name); i++)
+		CPUT(name[i])
+}
+
+void
+cflush(void)
+{
+	int n;
+
+	n = sizeof(buf.cbuf) - cbc;
+	if(n)
+		write(cout, buf.cbuf, n);
+	cbp = buf.cbuf;
+	cbc = sizeof(buf.cbuf);
+}
+
+void
+datblk(long s, long n)
+{
+	Prog *p;
+	char *cast;
+	long l, fl, j;
+	int i, c;
+
+	memset(buf.dbuf, 0, n+100);
+	for(p = datap; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		curp = p;
+		l = p->from.sym->value + p->from.offset - s;
+		c = p->from.displace;
+		i = 0;
+		if(l < 0) {
+			if(l+c <= 0)
+				continue;
+			while(l < 0) {
+				l++;
+				i++;
+			}
+		}
+		if(l >= n)
+			continue;
+		for(j=l+(c-i)-1; j>=l; j--)
+			if(buf.dbuf[j]) {
+				print("%P\n", p);
+				diag("multiple initialization");
+				break;
+			}
+		switch(p->to.type) {
+		case D_FCONST:
+			switch(c) {
+			default:
+			case 4:
+				fl = ieeedtof(&p->to.ieee);
+				cast = (char*)&fl;
+				if(debug['a'] && i == 0) {
+					Bprint(&bso, "%lux:%P\n\t\t", l+s+INITDAT, curp);
+					for(j=0; j<c; j++)
+						Bprint(&bso, "%.2ux", cast[fnuxi8[j+4]] & 0xff);
+					Bprint(&bso, "\n");
+				}
+				for(; i<c; i++) {
+					buf.dbuf[l] = cast[fnuxi8[i+4]];
+					l++;
+				}
+				break;
+			case 8:
+				cast = (char*)&p->to.ieee;
+				if(debug['a'] && i == 0) {
+					Bprint(&bso, "%lux:%P\n\t\t", l+s+INITDAT, curp);
+					for(j=0; j<c; j++)
+						Bprint(&bso, "%.2ux", cast[fnuxi8[j]] & 0xff);
+					Bprint(&bso, "\n");
+				}
+				for(; i<c; i++) {
+					buf.dbuf[l] = cast[fnuxi8[i]];
+					l++;
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+			break;
+
+		case D_SCONST:
+			if(debug['a'] && i == 0) {
+				Bprint(&bso, "%.4lux:%P\n\t\t", l+s+INITDAT, curp);
+				for(j=0; j<c; j++)
+					Bprint(&bso, "%.2ux", p->to.scon[j] & 0xff);
+				Bprint(&bso, "\n");
+			}
+			for(; i<c; i++) {
+				buf.dbuf[l] = p->to.scon[i];
+				l++;
+			}
+			break;
+		default:
+			fl = p->to.offset;
+			if(p->to.sym) {
+				if(p->to.sym->type == STEXT)
+					fl += p->to.sym->value;
+				if(p->to.sym->type == SDATA)
+					fl += p->to.sym->value + INITDAT;
+				if(p->to.sym->type == SBSS)
+					fl += p->to.sym->value + INITDAT;
+			}
+
+			cast = (char*)&fl;
+			switch(c) {
+			default:
+				diag("bad nuxi %d %d\n%P", c, i, curp);
+				break;
+			case 1:
+				if(debug['a'] && i == 0) {
+					Bprint(&bso, "%.4lux:%P\n\t\t", l+s+INITDAT, curp);
+					for(j=0; j<c; j++)
+						Bprint(&bso, "%.2ux",cast[inuxi1[j]] & 0xff);
+					Bprint(&bso, "\n");
+				}
+				for(; i<c; i++) {
+					buf.dbuf[l] = cast[inuxi1[i]];
+					l++;
+				}
+				break;
+			case 2:
+				if(debug['a'] && i == 0) {
+					Bprint(&bso, "%.4lux:%P\n\t\t", l+s+INITDAT, curp);
+					for(j=0; j<c; j++)
+						Bprint(&bso, "%.2ux",cast[inuxi2[j]] & 0xff);
+					Bprint(&bso, "\n");
+				}
+				for(; i<c; i++) {
+					buf.dbuf[l] = cast[inuxi2[i]];
+					l++;
+				}
+				break;
+			case 4:
+				if(debug['a'] && i == 0) {
+					Bprint(&bso, "%.4lux:%P\n\t\t", l+s+INITDAT, curp);
+					for(j=0; j<c; j++)
+						Bprint(&bso, "%.2ux",cast[inuxi4[j]] & 0xff);
+					Bprint(&bso, "\n");
+				}
+				for(; i<c; i++) {
+					buf.dbuf[l] = cast[inuxi4[i]];
+					l++;
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	write(cout, buf.dbuf, n);
+}
+
+void
+asmreloc(void)
+{
+	Prog *p;
+	Sym *s1, *s2;
+	int c1, c2, c3;
+	long v;
+
+	if(HEADTYPE != 4)
+		return;
+	for(p = datap; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		curp = p;
+		s1 = p->to.sym;
+		if(s1 == S)
+			continue;
+		c1 = 'D';
+		c3 = p->from.displace;
+		s2 = p->from.sym;
+		v = s2->value + INITDAT;
+		switch(s1->type) {
+		default:
+			diag("unknown reloc %d", s1->type);
+			continue;
+		case STEXT:
+			c2 = 'T';
+			break;
+
+		case SDATA:
+			c2 = 'D';
+			break;
+
+		case SBSS:
+			c2 = 'B';
+			break;
+		}
+		CPUT(c1);
+		CPUT(c2);
+		CPUT(c3);
+		lput(v);
+		if(debug['a'])
+			Bprint(&bso, "r %c%c%d %.8lux %s $%s\n",
+				c1, c2, c3, v, s2->name, s1->name);
+		relocsize += 7;
+	}
+}
+
+int
+gnuxi(Ieee *d, int i, int c)
+{
+	char *p;
+	long l;
+
+	switch(c) {
+	default:
+		diag("bad nuxi %d %d\n%P", c, i, curp);
+		return 0;
+	
+		/*
+		 * 2301 vax
+		 * 0123 68k
+		 */
+	case 4:
+		l = ieeedtof(d);
+		p = (char*)&l;
+		i = gnuxi8[i+4];
+		break;
+
+		/*
+		 * 67452301 vax
+		 * 45670123 68k
+		 */
+	case 8:
+		p = (char*)d;
+		i = gnuxi8[i];
+		break;
+	}
+	return p[i];
+}
+
+long
+rnd(long v, long r)
+{
+	long c;
+
+	if(r <= 0)
+		return v;
+	v += r - 1;
+	c = v % r;
+	if(c < 0)
+		c += r;
+	v -= c;
+	return v;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/1l/compat.c b/sys/src/cmd/1l/compat.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d01de9b3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/1l/compat.c
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#include	"l.h"
+
+/*
+ * fake malloc
+ */
+void*
+malloc(ulong n)
+{
+	void *p;
+
+	while(n & 7)
+		n++;
+	while(nhunk < n)
+		gethunk();
+	p = hunk;
+	nhunk -= n;
+	hunk += n;
+	return p;
+}
+
+void
+free(void *p)
+{
+	USED(p);
+}
+
+void*
+calloc(ulong m, ulong n)
+{
+	void *p;
+
+	n *= m;
+	p = malloc(n);
+	memset(p, 0, n);
+	return p;
+}
+
+void*
+realloc(void *p, ulong n)
+{
+	fprint(2, "realloc(0x%p, %ld) called\n", p, n);
+	abort();
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void*
+mysbrk(ulong size)
+{
+	return sbrk(size);
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/1l/cputime.c b/sys/src/cmd/1l/cputime.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3ef54a10e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/1l/cputime.c
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+double
+cputime(void)
+{
+	long t[4];
+	long times(long*);
+	int i;
+
+	times(t);
+	for(i=1; i<4; i++)
+		t[0] += t[i];
+	return t[0] / 100.;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/1l/l.h b/sys/src/cmd/1l/l.h
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..41ec65685
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/1l/l.h
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+#include	<u.h>
+#include	<libc.h>
+#include	<bio.h>
+#include	"../2c/2.out.h"
+
+#ifndef	EXTERN
+#define	EXTERN	extern
+#endif
+
+#define	P		((Prog*)0)
+#define	S		((Sym*)0)
+#define	TNAME		(curtext?curtext->from.sym->name:noname)
+#define	CPUT(c)\
+	{ *cbp++ = c;\
+	if(--cbc <= 0)\
+		cflush(); }
+
+typedef	struct	Adr	Adr;
+typedef	struct	Prog	Prog;
+typedef	struct	Sym	Sym;
+typedef	struct	Auto	Auto;
+typedef	struct	Optab	Optab;
+
+struct	Adr
+{
+	short	type;
+	uchar	field;
+	union
+	{
+		struct
+		{
+			long	u0displace;
+			long	u0offset;
+		} s0;
+		char	u0scon[8];
+		Prog	*u0cond;	/* not used, but should be D_BRANCH */
+		Ieee	u0ieee;
+	} u0;
+	union
+	{
+		Auto*	u1autom;
+		Sym*	u1sym;
+	} u1;
+};
+
+#define	displace u0.s0.u0displace
+#define	offset	u0.s0.u0offset
+#define	scon	u0.u0scon
+#define	cond	u0.u0cond
+#define	ieee	u0.u0ieee
+
+#define	autom	u1.u1autom
+#define	sym	u1.u1sym
+
+struct	Prog
+{
+	Adr	from;
+	Adr	to;
+	union
+	{
+		long	u0stkoff;
+		Prog	*u0forwd;
+	} u0;
+	Prog*	link;
+	Prog*	pcond;	/* work on this */
+	long	pc;
+	long	line;
+	short	as;
+	uchar	mark;	/* work on these */
+	uchar	back;
+};
+
+#define	stkoff	u0.u0stkoff
+#define	forwd	u0.u0forwd
+
+struct	Auto
+{
+	Sym*	asym;
+	Auto*	link;
+	long	aoffset;
+	short	type;
+};
+struct	Sym
+{
+	char	*name;
+	short	type;
+	short	version;
+	short	become;
+	short	frame;
+	long	value;
+	Sym*	link;
+};
+struct	Optab
+{
+	short	as;
+	short	fas;
+	short	srcsp;
+	short	dstsp;
+	ushort	optype;
+	ushort	opcode0;
+	ushort	opcode1;
+	ushort	opcode2;
+	ushort	opcode3;
+};
+
+enum
+{
+	STEXT		= 1,
+	SDATA,
+	SBSS,
+	SDATA1,
+	SXREF,
+	SAUTO,
+	SPARAM,
+	SFILE,
+	NHASH		= 10007,
+	NHUNK		= 100000,
+	MINSIZ		= 4,
+	STRINGSZ	= 200,
+	MAXIO		= 8192,
+	MAXHIST		= 20,				/* limit of path elements for history symbols */
+	A6OFFSET 	= 32766,
+};
+
+EXTERN union
+{
+	struct
+	{
+		char	obuf[MAXIO];			/* output buffer */
+		uchar	ibuf[MAXIO];			/* input buffer */
+	} u;
+	char	dbuf[1];
+} buf;
+
+#define	cbuf	u.obuf
+#define	xbuf	u.ibuf
+
+#pragma	varargck	type	"A"	int
+#pragma	varargck	type	"D"	Adr*
+#pragma	varargck	type	"P"	Prog*
+#pragma	varargck	type	"R"	int
+#pragma	varargck	type	"S"	char*
+
+#pragma	varargck	argpos	diag 1
+
+EXTERN	long	HEADR;
+EXTERN	long	HEADTYPE;
+EXTERN	long	INITDAT;
+EXTERN	long	INITRND;
+EXTERN	long	INITTEXT;
+EXTERN	char*	INITENTRY;		/* entry point */
+EXTERN	Biobuf	bso;
+EXTERN	long	bsssize;
+EXTERN	long	casepc;
+EXTERN	int	cbc;
+EXTERN	char*	cbp;
+EXTERN	int	cout;
+EXTERN	Auto*	curauto;
+EXTERN	Auto*	curhist;
+EXTERN	Prog*	curp;
+EXTERN	Prog*	curtext;
+EXTERN	Prog*	datap;
+EXTERN	long	datsize;
+EXTERN	char	debug[128];
+EXTERN	Prog*	etextp;
+EXTERN	Prog*	firstp;
+EXTERN	Prog*	prog_divsl;
+EXTERN	Prog*	prog_divul;
+EXTERN	Prog*	prog_mull;
+EXTERN	Prog*	prog_ccr;
+EXTERN	char	fnuxi8[8];
+EXTERN	char	gnuxi8[8];
+EXTERN	Sym*	hash[NHASH];
+EXTERN	Sym*	histfrog[MAXHIST];
+EXTERN	int	histfrogp;
+EXTERN	int	histgen;
+EXTERN	char*	library[50];
+EXTERN	char*	libraryobj[50];
+EXTERN	int	libraryp;
+EXTERN	int	xrefresolv;
+EXTERN	char*	hunk;
+EXTERN	char	inuxi1[1];
+EXTERN	char	inuxi2[2];
+EXTERN	char	inuxi4[4];
+EXTERN	Prog*	lastp;
+EXTERN	long	lcsize;
+EXTERN	long	relocsize;
+EXTERN	long	ndata;
+EXTERN	int	nerrors;
+EXTERN	long	nhunk;
+EXTERN	long	nsymbol;
+EXTERN	char*	noname;
+EXTERN	short*	op;
+EXTERN	char*	outfile;
+EXTERN	long	pc;
+EXTERN	char	simple[I_MASK];
+EXTERN	char	special[I_MASK];
+EXTERN	long	spsize;
+EXTERN	Sym*	symlist;
+EXTERN	long	symsize;
+EXTERN	Prog*	textp;
+EXTERN	long	textsize;
+EXTERN	long	thunk;
+EXTERN	int	version;
+EXTERN	Prog	zprg;
+
+extern	Optab	optab[];
+extern	char	mmsize[];
+extern	char*	anames[];
+
+int	Aconv(Fmt*);
+int	Dconv(Fmt*);
+int	Pconv(Fmt*);
+int	Rconv(Fmt*);
+int	Sconv(Fmt*);
+int	Xconv(Fmt*);
+void	addhist(long, int);
+int	andsize(Prog*, Adr*);
+void	asmb(void);
+int	asmea(Prog*, Adr*);
+void	asmins(Prog*);
+void	asmlc(void);
+void	asmsp(void);
+void	asmsym(void);
+void	asmreloc(void);
+long	atolwhex(char*);
+Prog*	brchain(Prog*);
+Prog*	brloop(Prog*);
+void	cflush(void);
+Prog*	copyp(Prog*);
+double	cputime(void);
+void	datblk(long, long);
+void	diag(char*, ...);
+void	dodata(void);
+void	doprof1(void);
+void	doprof2(void);
+void	dostkoff(void);
+long	entryvalue(void);
+void	errorexit(void);
+int	find1(long, int);
+int	find2(long, int);
+void	follow(void);
+void	gethunk(void);
+int	gnuxi(Ieee*, int, int);
+void	histtoauto(void);
+double	ieeedtod(Ieee*);
+long	ieeedtof(Ieee*);
+void	initmuldiv1(void);
+void	initmuldiv2(void);
+void	ldobj(int, long, char*);
+void	loadlib(void);
+void	listinit(void);
+Sym*	lookup(char*, int);
+void	lput(long);
+void	main(int, char*[]);
+void	mkfwd(void);
+void*	mysbrk(ulong);
+void	nuxiinit(void);
+void	objfile(char*);
+void	patch(void);
+Prog*	prg(void);
+Prog*	nprg(Prog*);
+int	relinv(int);
+long	reuse(Prog*, Sym*);
+long	rnd(long, long);
+void	s16put(char*);
+void	span(void);
+void	undef(void);
+void	xdefine(char*, int, long);
+void	xfol(Prog*);
+int	zaddr(uchar*, Adr*, Sym*[]);
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/1l/list.c b/sys/src/cmd/1l/list.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f02c3efa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/1l/list.c
@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+#include	"l.h"
+
+void
+listinit(void)
+{
+
+	fmtinstall('R', Rconv);
+	fmtinstall('A', Aconv);
+	fmtinstall('D', Dconv);
+	fmtinstall('S', Sconv);
+	fmtinstall('P', Pconv);
+}
+
+static	Prog	*bigP;
+
+int
+Pconv(Fmt *fp)
+{
+	char str[STRINGSZ], s[20];
+	Prog *p;
+
+	p = va_arg(fp->args, Prog*);
+	bigP = p;
+	sprint(str, "(%ld)	%A	%D,%D",
+		p->line, p->as, &p->from, &p->to);
+	if(p->from.field) {
+		sprint(s, ",%d,%d", p->to.field, p->from.field);
+		strcat(str, s);
+	}
+	bigP = P;
+	return fmtstrcpy(fp, str);
+}
+
+int
+Aconv(Fmt *fp)
+{
+
+	return fmtstrcpy(fp, anames[va_arg(fp->args, int)]);
+}
+
+int
+Dconv(Fmt *fp)
+{
+	char str[40], s[20];
+	Adr *a;
+	int i, j;
+	long d;
+
+	a = va_arg(fp->args, Adr*);
+	i = a->type;
+	j = i & I_MASK;
+	if(j) {
+		a->type = i & D_MASK;
+		d = a->offset;
+		a->offset = 0;
+		switch(j) {
+		case I_INDINC:
+			sprint(str, "(%D)+", a);
+			break;
+
+		case I_INDDEC:
+			sprint(str, "-(%D)", a);
+			break;
+
+		case I_INDIR:
+			if(d)
+				sprint(str, "%ld(%D)", d, a);
+			else
+				sprint(str, "(%D)", a);
+			break;
+
+		case I_ADDR:
+			a->offset = d;
+			sprint(str, "$%D", a);
+			break;
+		}
+		a->type = i;
+		a->offset = d;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	switch(i) {
+
+	default:
+		sprint(str, "%R", i);
+		break;
+
+	case D_NONE:
+		str[0] = 0;
+		break;
+
+	case D_BRANCH:
+		if(bigP != P && bigP->pcond != P)
+			if(a->sym != S)
+				sprint(str, "%lux+%s", bigP->pcond->pc,
+					a->sym->name);
+			else
+				sprint(str, "%lux", bigP->pcond->pc);
+		else
+			sprint(str, "%ld(PC)", a->offset);
+		break;
+
+	case D_EXTERN:
+		sprint(str, "%s+%ld(SB)", a->sym->name, a->offset);
+		break;
+
+	case D_STATIC:
+		sprint(str, "%s<%d>+%ld(SB)", a->sym->name,
+			a->sym->version, a->offset);
+		break;
+
+	case D_AUTO:
+		sprint(str, "%s+%ld(SP)", a->sym->name, a->offset);
+		break;
+
+	case D_PARAM:
+		if(a->sym)
+			sprint(str, "%s+%ld(FP)", a->sym->name, a->offset);
+		else
+			sprint(str, "%ld(FP)", a->offset);
+		break;
+
+	case D_CONST:
+		sprint(str, "$%ld", a->offset);
+		break;
+
+	case D_STACK:
+		sprint(str, "TOS+%ld", a->offset);
+		break;
+
+	case D_QUICK:
+		sprint(str, "$Q%ld", a->offset);
+		break;
+
+	case D_FCONST:
+		sprint(str, "$(%.8lux,%.8lux)", a->ieee.h, a->ieee.l);
+		goto out;
+
+	case D_SCONST:
+		sprint(str, "$\"%S\"", a->scon);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	if(a->displace) {
+		sprint(s, "/%ld", a->displace);
+		strcat(str, s);
+	}
+out:
+	return fmtstrcpy(fp, str);
+}
+
+int
+Rconv(Fmt *fp)
+{
+	char str[20];
+	int r;
+
+	r = va_arg(fp->args, int);
+	if(r >= D_R0 && r < D_R0+NREG)
+		sprint(str, "R%d", r-D_R0);
+	else
+	if(r >= D_A0 && r < D_A0+NREG)
+		sprint(str, "A%d", r-D_A0);
+	else
+	if(r >= D_F0 && r < D_F0+NREG)
+		sprint(str, "F%d", r-D_F0);
+	else
+	switch(r) {
+
+	default:
+		sprint(str, "gok(%d)", r);
+		break;
+
+	case D_NONE:
+		sprint(str, "NONE");
+		break;
+
+	case D_TOS:
+		sprint(str, "TOS");
+		break;
+
+	case D_CCR:
+		sprint(str, "CCR");
+		break;
+
+	case D_SR:
+		sprint(str, "SR");
+		break;
+
+	case D_SFC:
+		sprint(str, "SFC");
+		break;
+
+	case D_DFC:
+		sprint(str, "DFC");
+		break;
+
+	case D_CACR:
+		sprint(str, "CACR");
+		break;
+
+	case D_USP:
+		sprint(str, "USP");
+		break;
+
+	case D_VBR:
+		sprint(str, "VBR");
+		break;
+
+	case D_CAAR:
+		sprint(str, "CAAR");
+		break;
+
+	case D_MSP:
+		sprint(str, "MSP");
+		break;
+
+	case D_ISP:
+		sprint(str, "ISP");
+		break;
+
+	case D_FPCR:
+		sprint(str, "FPCR");
+		break;
+
+	case D_FPSR:
+		sprint(str, "FPSR");
+		break;
+
+	case D_FPIAR:
+		sprint(str, "FPIAR");
+		break;
+
+	case D_TREE:
+		sprint(str, "TREE");
+		break;
+
+	case D_TC:
+		sprint(str, "TC");
+		break;
+
+	case D_ITT0:
+		sprint(str, "ITT0");
+		break;
+
+	case D_ITT1:
+		sprint(str, "ITT1");
+		break;
+
+	case D_DTT0:
+		sprint(str, "DTT0");
+		break;
+
+	case D_DTT1:
+		sprint(str, "DTT1");
+		break;
+
+	case D_MMUSR:
+		sprint(str, "MMUSR");
+		break;
+	case D_URP:
+		sprint(str, "URP");
+		break;
+
+	case D_SRP:
+		sprint(str, "SRP");
+		break;
+	}
+	return fmtstrcpy(fp, str);
+}
+
+int
+Sconv(Fmt *fp)
+{
+	int i, c;
+	char str[30], *p, *a;
+
+	a = va_arg(fp->args, char*);
+	p = str;
+	for(i=0; i<sizeof(double); i++) {
+		c = a[i] & 0xff;
+		if(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z' ||
+		   c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z' ||
+		   c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
+			*p++ = c;
+			continue;
+		}
+		*p++ = '\\';
+		switch(c) {
+		default:
+			if(c < 040 || c >= 0177)
+				break;	/* not portable */
+			p[-1] = c;
+			continue;
+		case 0:
+			*p++ = 'z';
+			continue;
+		case '\\':
+		case '"':
+			*p++ = c;
+			continue;
+		case '\n':
+			*p++ = 'n';
+			continue;
+		case '\t':
+			*p++ = 't';
+			continue;
+		}
+		*p++ = (c>>6) + '0';
+		*p++ = ((c>>3) & 7) + '0';
+		*p++ = (c & 7) + '0';
+	}
+	*p = 0;
+	return fmtstrcpy(fp, str);
+}
+
+void
+diag(char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	char buf[STRINGSZ], *tn;
+	va_list arg;
+
+	tn = "??none??";
+	if(curtext != P && curtext->from.sym != S)
+		tn = curtext->from.sym->name;
+	va_start(arg, fmt);
+	vseprint(buf, buf+sizeof(buf), fmt, arg);
+	va_end(arg);
+	print("%s: %s\n", tn, buf);
+
+	nerrors++;
+	if(nerrors > 10) {
+		print("too many errors\n");
+		errorexit();
+	}
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/1l/mkfile b/sys/src/cmd/1l/mkfile
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c56fcb5e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/1l/mkfile
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+</$objtype/mkfile
+
+TARG=1l
+OFILES=\
+	asm.$O\
+	obj.$O\
+	optab.$O\
+	pass.$O\
+	span.$O\
+	list.$O\
+	enam.$O\
+	compat.$O\
+
+HFILES=\
+	l.h\
+	../2c/2.out.h\
+
+BIN=/$objtype/bin
+</sys/src/cmd/mkone
+
+enam.$O:	../2c/enam.c
+	$CC $CFLAGS ../2c/enam.c
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/1l/obj.c b/sys/src/cmd/1l/obj.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0622ba37a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/1l/obj.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1413 @@
+#define	EXTERN
+#include	"l.h"
+#include	<ar.h>
+
+#ifndef	DEFAULT
+#define	DEFAULT	'9'
+#endif
+
+char	symname[]	= SYMDEF;
+char	thechar		= '1';
+char	*thestring 	= "68000";
+
+/*
+ *	-H0 -T0x40004C -D0x10000000	is garbage unix
+ *	-H1 -T0x80020000 -R4		is garbage format
+ *	-H2 -T8224 -R8192		is plan9 format
+ *	-H3 -Tx -Rx			is next boot
+ *	-H4 -T0 -D0			is pilot relocatable
+ */
+
+void
+main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	int i, c;
+	char *a;
+
+	Binit(&bso, 1, OWRITE);
+	cout = -1;
+	listinit();
+	memset(debug, 0, sizeof(debug));
+	nerrors = 0;
+	outfile = "1.out";
+	HEADTYPE = -1;
+	INITTEXT = -1;
+	INITDAT = -1;
+	INITRND = -1;
+	INITENTRY = 0;
+
+	ARGBEGIN {
+	default:
+		c = ARGC();
+		if(c >= 0 && c < sizeof(debug))
+			debug[c]++;
+		break;
+	case 'o': /* output to (next arg) */
+		outfile = ARGF();
+		break;
+	case 'E':
+		a = ARGF();
+		if(a)
+			INITENTRY = a;
+		break;
+	case 'H':
+		a = ARGF();
+		if(a)
+			HEADTYPE = atolwhex(a);
+		break;
+	case 'T':
+		a = ARGF();
+		if(a)
+			INITTEXT = atolwhex(a);
+		break;
+	case 'D':
+		a = ARGF();
+		if(a)
+			INITDAT = atolwhex(a);
+		break;
+	case 'R':
+		a = ARGF();
+		if(a)
+			INITRND = atolwhex(a);
+		break;
+	} ARGEND
+
+	USED(argc);
+
+	if(*argv == 0) {
+		diag("usage: 1l [-options] objects");
+		errorexit();
+	}
+	if(!debug['9'] && !debug['U'] && !debug['B'])
+		debug[DEFAULT] = 1;
+	if(HEADTYPE == -1) {
+		if(debug['U'])
+			HEADTYPE = 2;
+		if(debug['B'])
+			HEADTYPE = 2;
+		if(debug['9'])
+			HEADTYPE = 2;
+	}
+	if(INITDAT != -1 && INITRND == -1)
+		INITRND = 0;
+	switch(HEADTYPE) {
+	default:
+		diag("unknown -H option %ld", HEADTYPE);
+		errorexit();
+
+	case 0:	/* this is garbage */
+		HEADR = 20L+56L;
+		if(INITTEXT == -1)
+			INITTEXT = 0x40004CL;
+		if(INITDAT == -1)
+			INITDAT = 0x10000000L;
+		if(INITDAT != 0 && INITRND == -1)
+			INITRND = 0;
+		if(INITRND == -1)
+			INITRND = 0;
+		break;
+	case 1:	/* plan9 boot data goes into text */
+		HEADR = 32L;
+		if(INITTEXT == -1)
+			INITTEXT = 8224;
+		if(INITDAT == -1)
+			INITDAT = 0;
+		if(INITDAT != 0 && INITRND == -1)
+			INITRND = 0;
+		if(INITRND == -1)
+			INITRND = 8192;
+		break;
+	case 2:	/* plan 9 */
+		HEADR = 32L;
+		if(INITTEXT == -1)
+			INITTEXT = 8224;
+		if(INITDAT == -1)
+			INITDAT = 0;
+		if(INITDAT != 0 && INITRND == -1)
+			INITRND = 0;
+		if(INITRND == -1)
+			INITRND = 8192;
+		break;
+	case 3:	/* next boot */
+		HEADR = 28+124+192+24;
+		if(INITTEXT == -1)
+			INITTEXT = 0x04002000;
+		if(INITDAT == -1)
+			INITDAT = 0;
+		if(INITDAT != 0 && INITRND == -1)
+			INITRND = 0;
+		if(INITRND == -1)
+			INITRND = 8192L;
+		break;
+	case 4:	/* preprocess pilot */
+		HEADR = 36L;
+		if(INITTEXT == -1)
+			INITTEXT = 0;
+		if(INITDAT == -1)
+			INITDAT = 0;
+		if(INITRND == -1)
+			INITRND = 0;
+		break;
+	}
+	if(INITDAT != 0 && INITRND != 0)
+		print("warning: -D0x%lux is ignored because of -R0x%lux\n",
+			INITDAT, INITRND);
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "HEADER = -H0x%ld -T0x%lux -D0x%lux -R0x%lux\n",
+			HEADTYPE, INITTEXT, INITDAT, INITRND);
+	Bflush(&bso);
+	for(i=1; optab[i].as; i++)
+		if(i != optab[i].as) {
+			diag("phase error in optab: %d", i);
+			errorexit();
+		}
+
+	zprg.link = P;
+	zprg.pcond = P;
+	zprg.back = 2;
+	zprg.as = AGOK;
+	zprg.from.type = D_NONE;
+	zprg.to = zprg.from;
+
+	memset(special, 0, sizeof(special));
+	special[D_CCR] = 1;
+	special[D_SR] = 1;
+	special[D_SFC] = 1;
+	special[D_CACR] = 1;
+	special[D_USP] = 1;
+	special[D_VBR] = 1;
+	special[D_CAAR] = 1;
+	special[D_MSP] = 1;
+	special[D_ISP] = 1;
+	special[D_DFC] = 1;
+	special[D_FPCR] = 1;
+	special[D_FPSR] = 1;
+	special[D_FPIAR] = 1;
+ 	special[D_TC] = 1;
+	special[D_ITT0] = 1;
+	special[D_ITT1] = 1;
+	special[D_DTT0] = 1;
+	special[D_DTT1] = 1;
+	special[D_MMUSR] = 1;
+	special[D_URP] = 1;
+	special[D_SRP] = 1;
+	memset(simple, 0177, sizeof(simple));
+	for(i=0; i<8; i++) {
+		simple[D_R0+i] = i;
+		simple[D_F0+i] = i+0100;
+		simple[D_A0+i] = i+010;
+		simple[D_A0+I_INDIR+i] = i+020;
+		simple[D_A0+I_INDINC+i] = i+030;
+		simple[D_A0+I_INDDEC+i] = i+040;
+	}
+	nuxiinit();
+	histgen = 0;
+	textp = P;
+	datap = P;
+	pc = 0;
+	cout = create(outfile, 1, 0775);
+	if(cout < 0) {
+		diag("cannot create %s", outfile);
+		errorexit();
+	}
+	version = 0;
+	cbp = buf.cbuf;
+	cbc = sizeof(buf.cbuf);
+	firstp = prg();
+	lastp = firstp;
+
+	if(INITENTRY == 0) {
+		INITENTRY = "_main";
+		if(debug['p'])
+			INITENTRY = "_mainp";
+		if(!debug['l'])
+			lookup(INITENTRY, 0)->type = SXREF;
+	} else
+		lookup(INITENTRY, 0)->type = SXREF;
+
+	initmuldiv1();
+	while(*argv)
+		objfile(*argv++);
+	if(!debug['l'])
+		loadlib();
+	firstp = firstp->link;
+	if(firstp == P)
+		errorexit();
+	patch();
+	if(debug['p'])
+		if(debug['1'])
+			doprof1();
+		else
+			doprof2();
+	initmuldiv2();
+	follow();
+	dodata();
+	dostkoff();
+	span();
+	asmb();
+	undef();
+	if(debug['v']) {
+		Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f cpu time\n", cputime());
+		Bprint(&bso, "%ld data statements\n", ndata);
+		Bprint(&bso, "%ld symbols\n", nsymbol);
+		Bprint(&bso, "%ld memory used\n", thunk);
+		Bprint(&bso, "%d sizeof adr\n", sizeof(Adr));
+		Bprint(&bso, "%d sizeof prog\n", sizeof(Prog));
+	}
+	Bflush(&bso);
+
+	errorexit();
+}
+
+void
+loadlib(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	long h;
+	Sym *s;
+
+loop:
+	xrefresolv = 0;
+	for(i=0; i<libraryp; i++) {
+		if(debug['v'])
+			Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f autolib: %s (from %s)\n", cputime(), library[i], libraryobj[i]);
+		objfile(library[i]);
+	}
+	if(xrefresolv)
+	for(h=0; h<nelem(hash); h++)
+	for(s = hash[h]; s != S; s = s->link)
+		if(s->type == SXREF)
+			goto loop;
+}
+
+void
+errorexit(void)
+{
+
+	if(nerrors) {
+		if(cout >= 0)
+			remove(outfile);
+		exits("error");
+	}
+	exits(0);
+}
+
+void
+objfile(char *file)
+{
+	long off, esym, cnt, l;
+	int f, work;
+	Sym *s;
+	char magbuf[SARMAG];
+	char name[100], pname[150];
+	struct ar_hdr arhdr;
+	char *e, *start, *stop;
+
+	if(file[0] == '-' && file[1] == 'l') {
+		sprint(name, "/%s/lib/lib", thestring);
+		strcat(name, file+2);
+		strcat(name, ".a");
+		file = name;
+	}
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f ldobj: %s\n", cputime(), file);
+	Bflush(&bso);
+	f = open(file, 0);
+	if(f < 0) {
+		diag("cannot open file: %s", file);
+		errorexit();
+	}
+	l = read(f, magbuf, SARMAG);
+	if(l != SARMAG || strncmp(magbuf, ARMAG, SARMAG)){
+		/* load it as a regular file */
+		l = seek(f, 0L, 2);
+		seek(f, 0L, 0);
+		ldobj(f, l, file);
+		close(f);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	l = read(f, &arhdr, SAR_HDR);
+	if(l != SAR_HDR) {
+		diag("%s: short read on archive file symbol header", file);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	if(strncmp(arhdr.name, symname, strlen(symname))) {
+		diag("%s: first entry not symbol header", file);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	esym = SARMAG + SAR_HDR + atolwhex(arhdr.size);
+	off = SARMAG + SAR_HDR;
+
+	/*
+	 * just bang the whole symbol file into memory
+	 */
+	seek(f, off, 0);
+	cnt = esym - off;
+	start = malloc(cnt + 10);
+	cnt = read(f, start, cnt);
+	if(cnt <= 0){
+		close(f);
+		return;
+	}
+	stop = &start[cnt];
+	memset(stop, 0, 10);
+
+	work = 1;
+	while(work){
+		if(debug['v'])
+			Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f library pass: %s\n", cputime(), file);
+		Bflush(&bso);
+		work = 0;
+		for(e = start; e < stop; e = strchr(e+5, 0) + 1) {
+			s = lookup(e+5, 0);
+			if(s->type != SXREF)
+				continue;
+			sprint(pname, "%s(%s)", file, s->name);
+			if(debug['v'])
+				Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f library: %s\n", cputime(), pname);
+			Bflush(&bso);
+			l = e[1] & 0xff;
+			l |= (e[2] & 0xff) << 8;
+			l |= (e[3] & 0xff) << 16;
+			l |= (e[4] & 0xff) << 24;
+			seek(f, l, 0);
+			l = read(f, &arhdr, SAR_HDR);
+			if(l != SAR_HDR)
+				goto bad;
+			if(strncmp(arhdr.fmag, ARFMAG, sizeof(arhdr.fmag)))
+				goto bad;
+			l = atolwhex(arhdr.size);
+			ldobj(f, l, pname);
+			if(s->type == SXREF) {
+				diag("%s: failed to load: %s", file, s->name);
+				errorexit();
+			}
+			work = 1;
+			xrefresolv = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	return;
+
+bad:
+	diag("%s: bad or out of date archive", file);
+out:
+	close(f);
+}
+
+int
+zaddr(uchar *p, Adr *a, Sym *h[])
+{
+	int c, t, i;
+	long l;
+	Sym *s;
+	Auto *u;
+
+	t = p[0];
+
+	/*
+	 * first try the high-time formats
+	 */
+	if(t == 0) {
+		a->type = p[1];
+		return 2;
+	}
+	if(t == T_OFFSET) {
+		a->offset = p[1] | (p[2]<<8) | (p[3]<<16) | (p[4]<<24);
+		a->type = p[5];
+		return 6;
+	}
+	if(t == (T_OFFSET|T_SYM)) {
+		a->offset = p[1] | (p[2]<<8) | (p[3]<<16) | (p[4]<<24);
+		s = h[p[5]];
+		a->sym = s;
+		a->type = p[6];
+		c = 7;
+		goto dosym;
+	}
+	if(t == T_SYM) {
+		s = h[p[1]];
+		a->sym = s;
+		a->type = p[2];
+		c = 3;
+		goto dosym;
+	}
+	if(t == (T_INDEX|T_OFFSET|T_SYM)) {
+		a->displace = p[4] | (p[5]<<8) | (p[6]<<16) | (p[7]<<24);
+		a->offset = p[8] | (p[9]<<8) | (p[10]<<16) | (p[11]<<24);
+		s = h[p[12]];
+		a->sym = s;
+		a->type = p[13];
+		c = 14;
+		goto dosym;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * now do it the hard way
+	 */
+	c = 1;
+	if(t & T_FIELD) {
+		a->field = p[c] | (p[c+1]<<8);
+		c += 2;
+	}
+	if(t & T_INDEX) {
+		a->displace = p[c+3] | (p[c+4]<<8) | (p[c+5]<<16) | (p[c+6]<<24);
+		c += 7;
+	}
+	if(t & T_OFFSET) {
+		a->offset = p[c] | (p[c+1]<<8) | (p[c+2]<<16) | (p[c+3]<<24);
+		c += 4;
+	}
+	if(t & T_SYM) {
+		a->sym = h[p[c]];
+		c += 1;
+	}
+	if(t & T_FCONST) {
+		a->ieee.l = p[c] | (p[c+1]<<8) | (p[c+2]<<16) | (p[c+3]<<24);
+		a->ieee.h = p[c+4] | (p[c+5]<<8) | (p[c+6]<<16) | (p[c+7]<<24);
+		c += 8;
+		a->type = D_FCONST;
+	} else
+	if(t & T_SCONST) {
+		for(i=0; i<NSNAME; i++)
+			a->scon[i] = p[c+i];
+		c += NSNAME;
+		a->type = D_SCONST;
+	} else
+	if(t & T_TYPE) {
+		a->type = p[c] | (p[c+1]<<8);
+		c += 2;
+	} else {
+		a->type = p[c];
+		c++;
+	}
+	s = a->sym;
+	if(s == S)
+		return c;
+
+dosym:
+	t = a->type & D_MASK;
+	if(t != D_AUTO && t != D_PARAM)
+		return c;
+	l = a->offset;
+	for(u=curauto; u; u=u->link) {
+		if(u->asym == s)
+		if(u->type == t) {
+			if(u->aoffset > l)
+				u->aoffset = l;
+			return c;
+		}
+	}
+
+	while(nhunk < sizeof(Auto))
+		gethunk();
+	u = (Auto*)hunk;
+	nhunk -= sizeof(Auto);
+	hunk += sizeof(Auto);
+
+	u->link = curauto;
+	curauto = u;
+	u->asym = s;
+	u->aoffset = l;
+	u->type = t;
+	return c;
+}
+
+void
+addlib(char *obj)
+{
+	char name[1024], comp[256], *p;
+	int i;
+
+	if(histfrogp <= 0)
+		return;
+
+	if(histfrog[0]->name[1] == '/') {
+		sprint(name, "");
+		i = 1;
+	} else
+	if(histfrog[0]->name[1] == '.') {
+		sprint(name, ".");
+		i = 0;
+	} else {
+		if(debug['9'])
+			sprint(name, "/%s/lib", thestring);
+		else
+			sprint(name, "/usr/%clib", thechar);
+		i = 0;
+	}
+
+	for(; i<histfrogp; i++) {
+		snprint(comp, sizeof comp, histfrog[i]->name+1);
+		for(;;) {
+			p = strstr(comp, "$O");
+			if(p == 0)
+				break;
+			memmove(p+1, p+2, strlen(p+2)+1);
+			p[0] = thechar;
+		}
+		for(;;) {
+			p = strstr(comp, "$M");
+			if(p == 0)
+				break;
+			if(strlen(comp)+strlen(thestring)-2+1 >= sizeof comp) {
+				diag("library component too long");
+				return;
+			}
+			memmove(p+strlen(thestring), p+2, strlen(p+2)+1);
+			memmove(p, thestring, strlen(thestring));
+		}
+		if(strlen(name) + strlen(comp) + 3 >= sizeof(name)) {
+			diag("library component too long");
+			return;
+		}
+		strcat(name, "/");
+		strcat(name, comp);
+	}
+	for(i=0; i<libraryp; i++)
+		if(strcmp(name, library[i]) == 0)
+			return;
+	if(libraryp == nelem(library)){
+		diag("too many autolibs; skipping %s", name);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	p = malloc(strlen(name) + 1);
+	strcpy(p, name);
+	library[libraryp] = p;
+	p = malloc(strlen(obj) + 1);
+	strcpy(p, obj);
+	libraryobj[libraryp] = p;
+	libraryp++;
+}
+void
+addhist(long line, int type)
+{
+	Auto *u;
+	Sym *s;
+	int i, j, k;
+
+	u = malloc(sizeof(Auto));
+	s = malloc(sizeof(Sym));
+	s->name = malloc(2*(histfrogp+1) + 1);
+
+	u->asym = s;
+	u->type = type;
+	u->aoffset = line;
+	u->link = curhist;
+	curhist = u;
+
+	j = 1;
+	for(i=0; i<histfrogp; i++) {
+		k = histfrog[i]->value;
+		s->name[j+0] = k>>8;
+		s->name[j+1] = k;
+		j += 2;
+	}
+}
+
+void
+histtoauto(void)
+{
+	Auto *l;
+
+	while(l = curhist) {
+		curhist = l->link;
+		l->link = curauto;
+		curauto = l;
+	}
+}
+
+void
+collapsefrog(Sym *s)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	/*
+	 * bad encoding of path components only allows
+	 * MAXHIST components. if there is an overflow,
+	 * first try to collapse xxx/..
+	 */
+	for(i=1; i<histfrogp; i++)
+		if(strcmp(histfrog[i]->name+1, "..") == 0) {
+			memmove(histfrog+i-1, histfrog+i+1,
+				(histfrogp-i-1)*sizeof(histfrog[0]));
+			histfrogp--;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+	/*
+	 * next try to collapse .
+	 */
+	for(i=0; i<histfrogp; i++)
+		if(strcmp(histfrog[i]->name+1, ".") == 0) {
+			memmove(histfrog+i, histfrog+i+1,
+				(histfrogp-i-1)*sizeof(histfrog[0]));
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+	/*
+	 * last chance, just truncate from front
+	 */
+	memmove(histfrog+0, histfrog+1,
+		(histfrogp-1)*sizeof(histfrog[0]));
+
+out:
+	histfrog[histfrogp-1] = s;
+}
+
+uchar*
+readsome(int f, uchar *buf, uchar *good, uchar *stop, int max)
+{
+	int n;
+
+	n = stop - good;
+	memmove(buf, good, stop - good);
+	stop = buf + n;
+	n = MAXIO - n;
+	if(n > max)
+		n = max;
+	n = read(f, stop, n);
+	if(n <= 0)
+		return 0;
+	return stop + n;
+}
+
+void
+ldobj(int f, long c, char *pn)
+{
+	Prog *p;
+	Sym *h[NSYM], *s;
+	int v, o, r;
+	long ipc, lv;
+	double dv;
+	uchar *bloc, *bsize, *stop;
+
+	bsize = buf.xbuf;
+	bloc = buf.xbuf;
+
+newloop:
+	memset(h, 0, sizeof(h));
+	version++;
+	histfrogp = 0;
+	ipc = pc;
+
+loop:
+	if(c <= 0)
+		goto eof;
+	r = bsize - bloc;
+	if(r < 100 && r < c) {		/* enough for largest prog */
+		bsize = readsome(f, buf.xbuf, bloc, bsize, c);
+		if(bsize == 0)
+			goto eof;
+		bloc = buf.xbuf;
+		goto loop;
+	}
+	o = bloc[0] | (bloc[1] << 8);
+	if(o <= AXXX || o >= ALAST) {
+		if(o < 0)
+			goto eof;
+		diag("%s: opcode out of range %d", pn, o);
+		print("	probably not a .%c file\n", thechar);
+		errorexit();
+	}
+
+	if(o == ANAME || o == ASIGNAME) {
+		if(o == ASIGNAME) {
+			bloc += 4;
+			c -= 4;
+		}
+		stop = memchr(&bloc[4], 0, bsize-&bloc[4]);
+		if(stop == 0){
+			bsize = readsome(f, buf.xbuf, bloc, bsize, c);
+			if(bsize == 0)
+				goto eof;
+			bloc = buf.xbuf;
+			stop = memchr(&bloc[4], 0, bsize-&bloc[4]);
+			if(stop == 0){
+				fprint(2, "%s: name too long\n", pn);
+				errorexit();
+			}
+		}
+		v = bloc[2];	/* type */
+		o = bloc[3];	/* sym */
+		bloc += 4;
+		c -= 4;
+
+		r = 0;
+		if(v == D_STATIC)
+			r = version;
+		s = lookup((char*)bloc, r);
+		c -= &stop[1] - bloc;
+		bloc = stop + 1;
+
+		if(debug['W'])
+			print("	ANAME	%s\n", s->name);
+		h[o] = s;
+		if((v == D_EXTERN || v == D_STATIC) && s->type == 0)
+			s->type = SXREF;
+		if(v == D_FILE) {
+			if(s->type != SFILE) {
+				histgen++;
+				s->type = SFILE;
+				s->value = histgen;
+			}
+			if(histfrogp < MAXHIST) {
+				histfrog[histfrogp] = s;
+				histfrogp++;
+			} else
+				collapsefrog(s);
+		}
+		goto loop;
+	}
+
+	while(nhunk < sizeof(Prog))
+		gethunk();
+	p = (Prog*)hunk;
+	nhunk -= sizeof(Prog);
+	hunk += sizeof(Prog);
+
+	p->as = o;
+	p->line = bloc[2] | (bloc[3] << 8) | (bloc[4] << 16) | (bloc[5] << 24);
+	p->back = 2;
+	r = zaddr(bloc+6, &p->from, h) + 6;
+	r += zaddr(bloc+r, &p->to, h);
+	bloc += r;
+	c -= r;
+
+	if(debug['W'])
+		print("%P\n", p);
+
+	switch(p->as) {
+	case AHISTORY:
+		if(p->to.offset == -1) {
+			addlib(pn);
+			histfrogp = 0;
+			goto loop;
+		}
+		addhist(p->line, D_FILE);		/* 'z' */
+		if(p->to.offset)
+			addhist(p->to.offset, D_FILE1);	/* 'Z' */
+		histfrogp = 0;
+		goto loop;
+
+	case AEND:
+		histtoauto();
+		if(curtext != P)
+			curtext->to.autom = curauto;
+		curauto = 0;
+		curtext = P;
+		if(c)
+			goto newloop;
+		return;
+
+	case AGLOBL:
+		s = p->from.sym;
+		if(s->type == 0 || s->type == SXREF) {
+			s->type = SBSS;
+			s->value = 0;
+		}
+		if(s->type != SBSS) {
+			diag("%s: redefinition: %s in %s",
+				pn, s->name, TNAME);
+			s->type = SBSS;
+			s->value = 0;
+		}
+		if(p->to.offset > s->value)
+			s->value = p->to.offset;
+		goto loop;
+
+	case ADATA:
+		p->link = datap;
+		datap = p;
+		ndata++;
+		goto loop;
+
+	case AGOK:
+		diag("%s: unknown opcode in %s", pn, TNAME);
+		pc++;
+		goto loop;
+
+	case ATEXT:
+		if(curtext != P) {
+			histtoauto();
+			curtext->to.autom = curauto;
+			curauto = 0;
+		}
+		curtext = p;
+		lastp->link = p;
+		lastp = p;
+		p->pc = pc;
+		s = p->from.sym;
+		if(s->type != 0 && s->type != SXREF)
+			diag("%s: redefinition: %s", pn, s->name);
+		s->type = STEXT;
+		s->value = p->pc;
+		pc++;
+		p->pcond = P;
+		if(textp == P) {
+			textp = p;
+			etextp = p;
+			goto loop;
+		}
+		etextp->pcond = p;
+		etextp = p;
+		goto loop;
+
+	case AJSR:
+		p->as = ABSR;
+
+	case ABSR:
+		if(p->to.type != D_EXTERN && p->to.type != D_STATIC)
+			p->as = AJSR;
+		goto casdef;
+
+	case AMOVL:
+	case AMOVB:
+	case AMOVW:
+		if(p->from.type != D_CONST)
+			goto casdef;
+		lv = p->from.offset;
+		if(lv >= -128 && lv < 128)
+		if(p->to.type >= D_R0 && p->to.type < D_R0+8) {
+			p->from.type = D_QUICK;
+			goto casdef;
+		}
+
+		if(lv >= -0x7fff && lv <= 0x7fff)
+		if(p->to.type >= D_A0 && p->to.type < D_A0+8)
+		if(p->as == AMOVL)
+			p->as = AMOVW;
+		goto casdef;
+
+	case AADDB:
+	case AADDL:
+	case AADDW:
+		if(p->from.type != D_CONST)
+			goto casdef;
+		lv = p->from.offset;
+		if(lv < 0) {
+			lv = -lv;
+			p->from.offset = lv;
+			if(p->as == AADDB)
+				p->as = ASUBB;
+			else
+			if(p->as == AADDW)
+				p->as = ASUBW;
+			else
+			if(p->as == AADDL)
+				p->as = ASUBL;
+		}
+		if(lv > 0)
+		if(lv <= 8)
+			p->from.type = D_QUICK;
+		goto casdef;
+
+	case ASUBB:
+	case ASUBL:
+	case ASUBW:
+		if(p->from.type != D_CONST)
+			goto casdef;
+		lv = p->from.offset;
+		if(lv < 0) {
+			lv = -lv;
+			p->from.offset = lv;
+			if(p->as == ASUBB)
+				p->as = AADDB;
+			else
+			if(p->as == ASUBW)
+				p->as = AADDW;
+			else
+			if(p->as == ASUBL)
+				p->as = AADDL;
+		}
+		if(lv > 0)
+		if(lv <= 8)
+			p->from.type = D_QUICK;
+		goto casdef;
+
+	case AROTRB:
+	case AROTRL:
+	case AROTRW:
+	case AROTLB:
+	case AROTLL:
+	case AROTLW:
+
+	case AASLB:
+	case AASLL:
+	case AASLW:
+	case AASRB:
+	case AASRL:
+	case AASRW:
+	case ALSLB:
+	case ALSLL:
+	case ALSLW:
+	case ALSRB:
+	case ALSRL:
+	case ALSRW:
+		if(p->from.type == D_CONST)
+		if(p->from.offset > 0)
+		if(p->from.offset <= 8)
+			p->from.type = D_QUICK;
+		goto casdef;
+
+	case ATSTL:
+		if(p->to.type >= D_A0 && p->to.type < D_A0+8) {
+			p->as = ACMPW;
+			p->from = p->to;
+			p->to.type = D_CONST;
+			p->to.offset = 0;
+		}
+		goto casdef;
+
+	case ACMPL:
+		if(p->to.type != D_CONST)
+			goto casdef;
+		lv = p->to.offset;
+		if(lv >= -0x7fff && lv <= 0x7fff)
+		if(p->from.type >= D_A0 && p->from.type < D_A0+8)
+			p->as = ACMPW;
+		goto casdef;
+
+	case ACLRL:
+		if(p->to.type >= D_A0 && p->to.type < D_A0+8) {
+			p->as = AMOVW;
+			p->from.type = D_CONST;
+			p->from.offset = 0;
+		}
+		goto casdef;
+
+	casdef:
+	default:
+		if(p->from.type == D_FCONST)
+		if(optab[p->as].fas != AXXX) {
+			dv = ieeedtod(&p->from.ieee);
+			if(dv >= -(1L<<30) && dv <= (1L<<30)) {
+				lv = dv;
+				if(lv == dv) {
+					p->as = optab[p->as].fas;
+					p->from.type = D_CONST;
+					p->from.offset = lv;
+					p->from.displace = 0;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if(p->to.type == D_BRANCH)
+			p->to.offset += ipc;
+		lastp->link = p;
+		lastp = p;
+		p->pc = pc;
+		pc++;
+		goto loop;
+	}
+	/* not reached */
+
+eof:
+	diag("%s: truncated object file in %s", pn, TNAME);
+}
+
+Sym*
+lookup(char *symb, int v)
+{
+	Sym *s;
+	char *p;
+	long h;
+	int l, c;
+
+	h = v;
+	for(p=symb; c = *p; p++)
+		h = h+h+h + c;
+	l = (p - symb) + 1;
+	if(h < 0)
+		h = ~h;
+	h %= NHASH;
+	for(s = hash[h]; s != S; s = s->link)
+		if(s->version == v)
+		if(memcmp(s->name, symb, l) == 0)
+			return s;
+
+	while(nhunk < sizeof(Sym))
+		gethunk();
+	s = (Sym*)hunk;
+	nhunk -= sizeof(Sym);
+	hunk += sizeof(Sym);
+
+	s->name = malloc(l + 1);
+	memmove(s->name, symb, l);
+
+	s->link = hash[h];
+	s->type = 0;
+	s->version = v;
+	s->value = 0;
+	hash[h] = s;
+	nsymbol++;
+	return s;
+}
+
+Prog*
+prg(void)
+{
+	Prog *p;
+
+	while(nhunk < sizeof(Prog))
+		gethunk();
+	p = (Prog*)hunk;
+	nhunk -= sizeof(Prog);
+	hunk += sizeof(Prog);
+
+	*p = zprg;
+	return p;
+}
+
+Prog*
+nprg(Prog *p)
+{
+	Prog *q;
+
+	q = prg();
+	q->line = p->line;
+	q->pc = p->pc;
+	q->stkoff = p->stkoff;
+	q->link = p->link;
+	p->link = q;
+	return q;
+}
+
+Prog*
+copyp(Prog *q)
+{
+	Prog *p;
+
+	p = prg();
+	*p = *q;
+	return p;
+}
+
+void
+gethunk(void)
+{
+	char *h;
+	long nh;
+
+	nh = NHUNK;
+	if(thunk >= 5L*NHUNK) {
+		nh = 5L*NHUNK;
+		if(thunk >= 25L*NHUNK)
+			nh = 25L*NHUNK;
+	}
+	h = mysbrk(nh);
+	if(h == (char*)-1) {
+		diag("out of memory");
+		errorexit();
+	}
+	hunk = h;
+	nhunk = nh;
+	thunk += nh;
+}
+
+void
+doprof1(void)
+{
+	Sym *s;
+	long n;
+	Prog *p, *q;
+
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f profile 1\n", cputime());
+	Bflush(&bso);
+	s = lookup("__mcount", 0);
+	n = 1;
+	for(p = firstp->link; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		if(p->as == ATEXT) {
+			q = prg();
+			q->as = AADDL;
+			q->line = p->line;
+			q->pc = p->pc;
+			q->link = p->link;
+			p->link = q;
+			q->from.type = D_CONST;
+			q->from.offset = 1;
+			q->to.type = D_EXTERN;
+			q->to.sym = s;
+			q->to.offset = n*4 + 4;
+
+			q = prg();
+			q->as = ADATA;
+			q->line = p->line;
+			q->link = datap;
+			datap = q;
+			q->from.type = D_EXTERN;
+			q->from.sym = s;
+			q->from.offset = n*4;
+			q->from.displace = 4;
+			q->to.type = D_EXTERN;
+			q->to.sym = p->from.sym;
+			n += 2;
+			continue;
+		}
+	}
+	q = prg();
+	q->line = 0;
+	q->as = ADATA;
+	q->link = datap;
+	datap = q;
+	q->from.type = D_EXTERN;
+	q->from.sym = s;
+	q->from.displace = 4;
+	q->to.type = D_CONST;
+	q->to.offset = n;
+	s->type = SBSS;
+	s->value = n*4;
+}
+
+void
+doprof2(void)
+{
+	Sym *s2, *s4;
+	Prog *p, *q, *q2, *ps2, *ps4;
+
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f profile 2\n", cputime());
+	Bflush(&bso);
+
+	if(debug['e']){
+		s2 = lookup("_tracein", 0);
+		s4 = lookup("_traceout", 0);
+	}else{
+		s2 = lookup("_profin", 0);
+		s4 = lookup("_profout", 0);
+	}
+	if(s2->type != STEXT || s4->type != STEXT) {
+		if(debug['e'])
+			diag("_tracein/_traceout not defined %d %d", s2->type, s4->type);
+		else
+			diag("_profin/_profout not defined");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	ps2 = P;
+	ps4 = P;
+	for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		if(p->as == ATEXT) {
+			if(p->from.sym == s2) {
+				ps2 = p;
+				p->from.displace = 1;
+			}
+			if(p->from.sym == s4) {
+				ps4 = p;
+				p->from.displace = 1;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		if(p->as == ATEXT) {
+			if(p->from.displace != 0) {
+				for(;;) {
+					q = p->link;
+					if(q == P)
+						break;
+					if(q->as == ATEXT)
+						break;
+					p = q;
+				}
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			q = prg();
+			q->line = p->line;
+			q->pc = p->pc;
+			q->link = p->link;
+			if(debug['e']){		/* embedded tracing */
+				q2 = prg();
+				p->link = q2;
+				q2->link = q;
+
+				q2->line = p->line;
+				q2->pc = p->pc;
+
+				q2->as = AJMP;
+				q2->to.type = D_BRANCH;
+				q2->to.sym = p->to.sym;
+				q2->pcond = q->link;
+			}else
+				p->link = q;
+			p = q;
+			p->as = ABSR;
+			p->to.type = D_BRANCH;
+			p->pcond = ps2;
+			p->to.sym = s2;
+
+			continue;
+		}
+		if(p->as == ARTS) {
+			/*
+			 * RTS (default)
+			 */
+			if(debug['e']){		/* embedded tracing */
+				q = prg();
+				q->line = p->line;
+				q->pc = p->pc;
+				q->link = p->link;
+				p->link = q;
+				p = q;
+			}
+			/*
+			 * RTS
+			 */
+			q = prg();
+			q->as = ARTS;
+			q->from = p->from;
+			q->to = p->to;
+			q->link = p->link;
+			p->link = q;
+
+			/*
+			 * BSR	profout
+			 */
+			p->as = ABSR;
+			p->from = zprg.from;
+			p->to = zprg.to;
+			p->to.type = D_BRANCH;
+			p->pcond = ps4;
+			p->to.sym = s4;
+
+			p = q;
+
+			continue;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+long
+reuse(Prog *r, Sym *s)
+{
+	Prog *p;
+
+
+	if(r == P)
+		return 0;
+	for(p = datap; p != r; p = p->link)
+		if(p->to.sym == s)
+			return p->from.offset;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void
+nuxiinit(void)
+{
+	int i, c;
+
+	for(i=0; i<4; i++) {
+		c = find1(0x01020304L, i+1);
+		if(i >= 2)
+			inuxi2[i-2] = c;
+		if(i >= 3)
+			inuxi1[i-3] = c;
+		inuxi4[i] = c;
+		fnuxi8[i] = c+4;
+		fnuxi8[i+4] = c;
+		c = find2(0x01020304L, i+1);
+		gnuxi8[i] = c+4;
+		gnuxi8[i+4] = c;
+	}
+	if(debug['v']) {
+		Bprint(&bso, "inuxi = ");
+		for(i=0; i<1; i++)
+			Bprint(&bso, "%d", inuxi1[i]);
+		Bprint(&bso, " ");
+		for(i=0; i<2; i++)
+			Bprint(&bso, "%d", inuxi2[i]);
+		Bprint(&bso, " ");
+		for(i=0; i<4; i++)
+			Bprint(&bso, "%d", inuxi4[i]);
+		Bprint(&bso, "\n[fg]nuxi = ");
+		for(i=0; i<8; i++)
+			Bprint(&bso, "%d", fnuxi8[i]);
+		Bprint(&bso, " ");
+		for(i=0; i<8; i++)
+			Bprint(&bso, "%d", gnuxi8[i]);
+		Bprint(&bso, "\n");
+	}
+	Bflush(&bso);
+}
+
+int
+find1(long l, int c)
+{
+	char *p;
+	int i;
+
+	p = (char*)&l;
+	for(i=0; i<4; i++)
+		if(*p++ == c)
+			return i;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int
+find2(long l, int c)
+{
+	short *p;
+	int i;
+
+	p = (short*)&l;
+	for(i=0; i<4; i+=2) {
+		if(((*p >> 8) & 0xff) == c)
+			return i;
+		if((*p++ & 0xff) == c)
+			return i+1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+long
+ieeedtof(Ieee *e)
+{
+	int exp;
+	long v;
+
+	if(e->h == 0)
+		return 0;
+	exp = (e->h>>20) & ((1L<<11)-1L);
+	exp -= (1L<<10) - 2L;
+	v = (e->h & 0xfffffL) << 3;
+	v |= (e->l >> 29) & 0x7L;
+	if((e->l >> 28) & 1) {
+		v++;
+		if(v & 0x800000L) {
+			v = (v & 0x7fffffL) >> 1;
+			exp++;
+		}
+	}
+	if(exp <= -126 || exp >= 130)
+		diag("double fp to single fp overflow");
+	v |= ((exp + 126) & 0xffL) << 23;
+	v |= e->h & 0x80000000L;
+	return v;
+}
+
+double
+ieeedtod(Ieee *ieeep)
+{
+	Ieee e;
+	double fr;
+	int exp;
+
+	if(ieeep->h & (1L<<31)) {
+		e.h = ieeep->h & ~(1L<<31);
+		e.l = ieeep->l;
+		return -ieeedtod(&e);
+	}
+	if(ieeep->l == 0 && ieeep->h == 0)
+		return 0;
+	fr = ieeep->l & ((1L<<16)-1L);
+	fr /= 1L<<16;
+	fr += (ieeep->l>>16) & ((1L<<16)-1L);
+	fr /= 1L<<16;
+	fr += (ieeep->h & (1L<<20)-1L) | (1L<<20);
+	fr /= 1L<<21;
+	exp = (ieeep->h>>20) & ((1L<<11)-1L);
+	exp -= (1L<<10) - 2L;
+	return ldexp(fr, exp);
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/1l/optab.c b/sys/src/cmd/1l/optab.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2109b478a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/1l/optab.c
@@ -0,0 +1,444 @@
+#include	"l.h"
+
+#define	X1	0
+#define	X2	0
+#define	X3	0
+#define	C	0xf200
+
+Optab optab[] =
+/*	as, fas, srcsp, dstsp, optype, opcode */
+{
+	{ AXXX },
+	{ AABCD, AXXX, X1, X2, X3, 0x4e71 },
+	{ AADDB, AXXX, 2, 0, 3, 0xd000, 0x5000,      0, 0x0600 },
+	{ AADDL, AXXX, 4, 0, 3, 0xd080, 0x5080, 0xd1c0, 0x0680 },
+	{ AADDW, AXXX, 2, 0, 3, 0xd040, 0x5040, 0xd0c0, 0x0640 },
+	{ AADDXB },
+	{ AADDXL },
+	{ AADDXW },
+	{ AADJSP },
+	{ AANDB, AXXX, 2, 0, 9, 0xc000, 0xc100, 0x0200 },
+	{ AANDL, AXXX, 4, 0, 9, 0xc080, 0xc180, 0x0280 },
+	{ AANDW, AXXX, 2, 0, 9, 0xc040, 0xc140, 0x0240 },
+	{ AASLB, AXXX, 0, 2, 12, 0xe100 },
+	{ AASLL, AXXX, 0, 4, 12, 0xe180 },
+	{ AASLW, AXXX, 0, 2, 12, 0xe140 },
+	{ AASRB, AXXX, 0, 2, 12, 0xe000 },
+	{ AASRL, AXXX, 0, 4, 12, 0xe080 },
+	{ AASRW, AXXX, 0, 2, 12, 0xe040 },
+	{ ABCASE },
+	{ ABCC, AXXX, 0, 0, 1, 0x6400 },
+	{ ABCHG, AXXX, 2, 2, 27, 0x0140, 0x0840 },
+	{ ABCLR, AXXX, 2, 2, 27, 0x0180, 0x0880 },
+	{ ABCS, AXXX, 0, 0, 1, 0x6500 },
+	{ ABEQ, AXXX, 0, 0, 1, 0x6700 },
+	{ ABFCHG },
+	{ ABFCLR },
+	{ ABFEXTS },
+	{ ABFEXTU },
+	{ ABFFFO },
+	{ ABFINS },
+	{ ABFSET },
+	{ ABFTST },
+	{ ABGE, AXXX, 0, 0, 1, 0x6c00 },
+	{ ABGT, AXXX, 0, 0, 1, 0x6e00 },
+	{ ABHI, AXXX, 0, 0, 1, 0x6200 },
+	{ ABKPT },
+	{ ABLE, AXXX, 0, 0, 1, 0x6f00 },
+	{ ABLS, AXXX, 0, 0, 1, 0x6300 },
+	{ ABLT, AXXX, 0, 0, 1, 0x6d00 },
+	{ ABMI, AXXX, 0, 0, 1, 0x6b00 },
+	{ ABNE, AXXX, 0, 0, 1, 0x6600 },
+	{ ABPL, AXXX, 0, 0, 1, 0x6a00 },
+	{ ABRA, AXXX, 0, 0, 1, 0x6000, 0x4ec0 },
+	{ ABSET, AXXX, 2, 2, 27, 0x01c0, 0x08c0 },
+	{ ABSR, AXXX, 0, 0, 1, 0x6100, 0x4e80 },
+	{ ABTST, AXXX, 2, 2, 27, 0x0100, 0x0800 },
+	{ ABVC, AXXX, 0, 0, 1, 0x6800 },
+	{ ABVS, AXXX, 0, 0, 1, 0x6900 },
+	{ ACALLM },
+	{ ACAS2B },
+	{ ACAS2L },
+	{ ACAS2W },
+	{ ACASB },
+	{ ACASEW },
+	{ ACASL },
+	{ ACASW },
+	{ ACHK2B },
+	{ ACHK2L },
+	{ ACHK2W },
+	{ ACHKL, AXXX, 4, 4, 26, 0x4100 },
+	{ ACHKW, AXXX, 2, 2, 26, 0x4180 },
+	{ ACLRB, AXXX, 0, -2, 5, 0x4200 },
+	{ ACLRL, AXXX, 0, -4, 5, 0x4280 },
+	{ ACLRW, AXXX, 0, -2, 5, 0x4240 },
+	{ ACMP2B },
+	{ ACMP2L },
+	{ ACMP2W },
+	{ ACMPB, AXXX, 2, 2, 7, 0xb000,      0, 0x0c00, 0xb108 },
+	{ ACMPL, AXXX, 4, 4, 7, 0xb080, 0xb100, 0x0c80, 0xb188 },
+	{ ACMPW, AXXX, 2, 2, 7, 0xb040, 0xb080, 0x0c40, 0xb148 },
+	{ ADATA },
+	{ ADBCC, AXXX, 0, 0, 15, 0x54c8 },
+	{ ADBCS, AXXX, 0, 0, 15, 0x55c8 },
+	{ ADBEQ, AXXX, 0, 0, 15, 0x57c8 },
+	{ ADBF, AXXX, 0, 0, 15, 0x51c8 },
+	{ ADBGE, AXXX, 0, 0, 15, 0x5cc8 },
+	{ ADBGT, AXXX, 0, 0, 15, 0x5ec8 },
+	{ ADBHI, AXXX, 0, 0, 15, 0x52c8 },
+	{ ADBLE, AXXX, 0, 0, 15, 0x5fc8 },
+	{ ADBLS, AXXX, 0, 0, 15, 0x53c8 },
+	{ ADBLT, AXXX, 0, 0, 15, 0x5dc8 },
+	{ ADBMI, AXXX, 0, 0, 15, 0x5bc8 },
+	{ ADBNE, AXXX, 0, 0, 15, 0x56c8 },
+	{ ADBPL, AXXX, 0, 0, 15, 0x5ac8 },
+	{ ADBT, AXXX, 0, 0, 15, 0x50c8 },
+	{ ADBVC, AXXX, 0, 0, 15, 0x58c8 },
+	{ ADBVS, AXXX, 0, 0, 15, 0x59c8 },
+	{ ADIVSL, AXXX, 4, 0, 14, 0x4c40, 0x0800 },
+	{ ADIVSW, AXXX, 2, 0, 13, 0x81c0 },
+	{ ADIVUL, AXXX, 4, 0, 14, 0x4c40, 0x0000 },
+	{ ADIVUW, AXXX, 2, 0, 13, 0x80c0 },
+	{ AEND },
+	{ AEORB, AXXX, 2, 0, 10, 0xb100, 0x0a00 },
+	{ AEORL, AXXX, 4, 0, 10, 0xb180, 0x0a80 },
+	{ AEORW, AXXX, 2, 0, 10, 0xb140, 0x0a40 },
+	{ AEXG },
+	{ AEXTBL },
+	{ AEXTBW, AXXX, 0, 0, 11, 0x4880 },
+	{ AEXTWL, AXXX, 0, 0, 11, 0x48c0 },
+	{ AFABSB, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0018, 0x5818 },
+	{ AFABSD, AFABSL, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x0018, 0x5418 },
+	{ AFABSF, AFABSL, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0018, 0x4418 },
+	{ AFABSL, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0018, 0x4018 },
+	{ AFABSW, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0018, 0x5018 },
+	{ AFACOSB, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x001c, 0x581c },
+	{ AFACOSD, AFACOSL, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x001c, 0x541c },
+	{ AFACOSF, AFACOSL, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x001c, 0x441c },
+	{ AFACOSL, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x001c, 0x401c },
+	{ AFACOSW, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x001c, 0x501c },
+	{ AFADDB, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0022, 0x5822 },
+	{ AFADDD, AFADDL, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x0022, 0x5422 },
+	{ AFADDF, AFADDL, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0022, 0x4422 },
+	{ AFADDL, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0022, 0x4022 },
+	{ AFADDW, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0022, 0x5022 },
+	{ AFASINB, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x000c, 0x580c },
+	{ AFASIND, AFASINL, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x000c, 0x540c },
+	{ AFASINF, AFASINL, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x000c, 0x440c },
+	{ AFASINL, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x000c, 0x400c },
+	{ AFASINW, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x000c, 0x500c },
+	{ AFATANB, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x000a, 0x580a },
+	{ AFATAND, AFATANL, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x000a, 0x540a },
+	{ AFATANF, AFATANL, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x000a, 0x440a },
+	{ AFATANHB, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x000d, 0x580d },
+	{ AFATANHD, AFATANHL, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x000d, 0x540d },
+	{ AFATANHF, AFATANHL, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x000d, 0x440d },
+	{ AFATANHL, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x000d, 0x400d },
+	{ AFATANHW, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x000d, 0x500d },
+	{ AFATANL, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x000a, 0x400a },
+	{ AFATANW, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x000a, 0x500a },
+	{ AFBEQ, AXXX, 0, 0, 18, C+0x81 },
+	{ AFBF, AXXX, 0, 0, 18, C+0x8f },
+	{ AFBGE, AXXX, 0, 0, 18, C+0x93 },
+	{ AFBGT, AXXX, 0, 0, 18, C+0x92 },
+	{ AFBLE, AXXX, 0, 0, 18, C+0x95 },
+	{ AFBLT, AXXX, 0, 0, 18, C+0x94 },
+	{ AFBNE, AXXX, 0, 0, 18, C+0x8e },
+	{ AFBT, AXXX, 0, 0, 18, C+0x80 },
+	{ AFCMPB, AXXX, 0, 2, 22, C, 0x0038, 0x5838 },
+	{ AFCMPD, AFCMPL, 0, 8, 22, C, 0x0038, 0x5438 },
+	{ AFCMPF, AFCMPL, 0, 4, 22, C, 0x0038, 0x4438 },
+	{ AFCMPL, AXXX, 0, 4, 22, C, 0x0038, 0x4038 },
+	{ AFCMPW, AXXX, 0, 2, 22, C, 0x0038, 0x5038 },
+	{ AFCOSB, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x001d, 0x581d },
+	{ AFCOSD, AFCOSL, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x001d, 0x541d },
+	{ AFCOSF, AFCOSL, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x001d, 0x441d },
+	{ AFCOSHB, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0019, 0x5819 },
+	{ AFCOSHD, AFCOSHL, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x0019, 0x5419 },
+	{ AFCOSHF, AFCOSHL, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0019, 0x4419 },
+	{ AFCOSHL, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0019, 0x4019 },
+	{ AFCOSHW, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0019, 0x5019 },
+	{ AFCOSL, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x001d, 0x401d },
+	{ AFCOSW, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x001d, 0x501d },
+	{ AFDBEQ, AXXX, 0, 0, 19, C+0x48, 0x01 },
+	{ AFDBF, AXXX, 0, 0, 19, C+0x48, 0x0f },
+	{ AFDBGE, AXXX, 0, 0, 19, C+0x48, 0x13 },
+	{ AFDBGT, AXXX, 0, 0, 19, C+0x48, 0x12 },
+	{ AFDBLE, AXXX, 0, 0, 19, C+0x48, 0x15 },
+	{ AFDBLT, AXXX, 0, 0, 19, C+0x48, 0x14 },
+	{ AFDBNE, AXXX, 0, 0, 19, C+0x48, 0x0e },
+	{ AFDBT, AXXX, 0, 0, 19, C+0x48, 0x00 },
+	{ AFDIVB, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0020, 0x5820 },
+	{ AFDIVD, AFDIVL, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x0020, 0x5420 },
+	{ AFDIVF, AFDIVL, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0020, 0x4420 },
+	{ AFDIVL, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0020, 0x4020 },
+	{ AFDIVW, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0020, 0x5020 },
+	{ AFETOXB, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0010, 0x5810 },
+	{ AFETOXD, AFETOXL, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x0010, 0x5410 },
+	{ AFETOXF, AFETOXL, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0010, 0x4410 },
+	{ AFETOXL, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0010, 0x4010 },
+	{ AFETOXM1B, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0008, 0x5808 },
+	{ AFETOXM1D, AFETOXM1L, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x0008, 0x5408 },
+	{ AFETOXM1F, AFETOXM1L, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0008, 0x4408 },
+	{ AFETOXM1L, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0008, 0x4008 },
+	{ AFETOXM1W, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0008, 0x5008 },
+	{ AFETOXW, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0010, 0x5010 },
+	{ AFGETEXPB, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x001e, 0x581e },
+	{ AFGETEXPD, AFGETEXPL, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x001e, 0x541e },
+	{ AFGETEXPF, AFGETEXPL, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x001e, 0x441e },
+	{ AFGETEXPL, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x001e, 0x401e },
+	{ AFGETEXPW, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x001e, 0x501e },
+	{ AFGETMANB, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x001f, 0x581f },
+	{ AFGETMAND, AFGETMANL, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x001f, 0x541f },
+	{ AFGETMANF, AFGETMANL, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x001f, 0x441f },
+	{ AFGETMANL, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x001f, 0x401f },
+	{ AFGETMANW, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x001f, 0x501f },
+	{ AFINTB, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0001, 0x5801 },
+	{ AFINTD, AFINTL, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x0001, 0x5401 },
+	{ AFINTF, AFINTL, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0001, 0x4401 },
+	{ AFINTL, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0001, 0x4001 },
+	{ AFINTRZB, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0003, 0x5803 },
+	{ AFINTRZD, AFINTRZL, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x0003, 0x5403 },
+	{ AFINTRZF, AFINTRZL, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0003, 0x4403 },
+	{ AFINTRZL, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0003, 0x4003 },
+	{ AFINTRZW, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0003, 0x5003 },
+	{ AFINTW, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0001, 0x5001 },
+	{ AFLOG10B, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0015, 0x5815 },
+	{ AFLOG10D, AFLOG10L, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x0015, 0x5415 },
+	{ AFLOG10F, AFLOG10L, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0015, 0x4415 },
+	{ AFLOG10L, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0015, 0x4015 },
+	{ AFLOG10W, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0015, 0x5015 },
+	{ AFLOG2B, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0016, 0x5816 },
+	{ AFLOG2D, AFLOG2L, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x0016, 0x5416 },
+	{ AFLOG2F, AFLOG2L, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0016, 0x4416 },
+	{ AFLOG2L, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0016, 0x4016 },
+	{ AFLOG2W, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0016, 0x5016 },
+	{ AFLOGNB, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0014, 0x5814 },
+	{ AFLOGND, AFLOGNL, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x0014, 0x5414 },
+	{ AFLOGNF, AFLOGNL, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0014, 0x4414 },
+	{ AFLOGNL, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0014, 0x4014 },
+	{ AFLOGNP1B, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0006, 0x5806 },
+	{ AFLOGNP1D, AFLOGNP1L, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x0006, 0x5406 },
+	{ AFLOGNP1F, AFLOGNP1L, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0006, 0x4406 },
+	{ AFLOGNP1L, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0006, 0x4006 },
+	{ AFLOGNP1W, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0006, 0x5006 },
+	{ AFLOGNW, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0014, 0x5014 },
+	{ AFMODB, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0021, 0x5821 },
+	{ AFMODD, AFMODL, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x0021, 0x5421 },
+	{ AFMODF, AFMODL, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0021, 0x4421 },
+	{ AFMODL, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0021, 0x4021 },
+	{ AFMODW, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0021, 0x5021 },
+	{ AFMOVEB, AXXX, 2, -2, 16, C, 0x0000, 0x7800, 0x5800 },
+	{ AFMOVED, AFMOVEL, 8, -8, 16, C, 0x0000, 0x7400, 0x5400 },
+	{ AFMOVEF, AFMOVEL, 4, -4, 16, C, 0x0000, 0x6400, 0x4400 },
+	{ AFMOVEL, AXXX, 4, -4, 16, C, 0x0000, 0x6000, 0x4000 },
+	{ AFMOVEM, AXXX, 2, 2, 28, C },
+	{ AFMOVEMC, AXXX, 2, 2, 29, C },
+	{ AFMOVEW, AXXX, 2, -2, 16, C, 0x0000, 0x7000, 0x5000 },
+	{ AFMULB, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0023, 0x5823 },
+	{ AFMULD, AFMULL, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x0023, 0x5423 },
+	{ AFMULF, AFMULL, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0023, 0x4423 },
+	{ AFMULL, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0023, 0x4023 },
+	{ AFMULW, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0023, 0x5023 },
+	{ AFNEGB, AXXX, 2, 0, 21, C, 0x001a, 0x581a },
+	{ AFNEGD, AFNEGL, 8, 0, 21, C, 0x001a, 0x541a },
+	{ AFNEGF, AFNEGL, 4, 0, 21, C, 0x001a, 0x441a },
+	{ AFNEGL, AXXX, 4, 0, 21, C, 0x001a, 0x401a },
+	{ AFNEGW, AXXX, 2, 0, 21, C, 0x001a, 0x501a },
+	{ AFREMB, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0025, 0x5825 },
+	{ AFREMD, AFREML, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x0025, 0x5425 },
+	{ AFREMF, AFREML, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0025, 0x4425 },
+	{ AFREML, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0025, 0x4025 },
+	{ AFREMW, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0025, 0x5025 },
+	{ AFRESTORE, AXXX, 0, 2, 5, C+0x0140 },
+	{ AFSAVE, AXXX, 0, 2, 5, C+0x0100 },
+	{ AFSCALEB, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0026, 0x5826 },
+	{ AFSCALED, AFSCALEL, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x0026, 0x5426 },
+	{ AFSCALEF, AFSCALEL, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0026, 0x4426 },
+	{ AFSCALEL, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0026, 0x4026 },
+	{ AFSCALEW, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0026, 0x5026 },
+	{ AFSEQ, AXXX, X1, X2, X3, 0xffff },
+	{ AFSF, AXXX, 4, X2, X3, 0xffff },
+	{ AFSGE, AXXX, X1, X2, X3, 0xffff },
+	{ AFSGT, AXXX, X1, X2, X3, 0xffff },
+	{ AFSINB, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x000e, 0x580e },
+	{ AFSIND, AFSINL, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x000e, 0x540e },
+	{ AFSINF, AFSINL, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x000e, 0x440e },
+	{ AFSINHB, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0002, 0x5802 },
+	{ AFSINHD, AFSINHL, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x0002, 0x5402 },
+	{ AFSINHF, AFSINHL, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0002, 0x4402 },
+	{ AFSINHL, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0002, 0x4002 },
+	{ AFSINHW, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0002, 0x5002 },
+	{ AFSINL, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x000e, 0x400e },
+	{ AFSINW, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x000e, 0x500e },
+	{ AFSLE, AXXX, X1, X2, X3, 0xffff },
+	{ AFSLT, AXXX, X1, X2, X3, 0xffff },
+	{ AFSNE, AXXX, X1, X2, X3, 0xffff },
+	{ AFSQRTB, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0004, 0x5804 },
+	{ AFSQRTD, AFSQRTL, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x0004, 0x5404 },
+	{ AFSQRTF, AFSQRTL, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0004, 0x4404 },
+	{ AFSQRTL, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0004, 0x4004 },
+	{ AFSQRTW, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0004, 0x5004 },
+	{ AFST, AXXX, X1, X2, X3, 0xffff },
+	{ AFSUBB, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0028, 0x5828 },
+	{ AFSUBD, AFSUBL, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x0028, 0x5428 },
+	{ AFSUBF, AFSUBL, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0028, 0x4428 },
+	{ AFSUBL, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0028, 0x4028 },
+	{ AFSUBW, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0028, 0x5028 },
+	{ AFTANB, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x000f, 0x580f },
+	{ AFTAND, AFTANL, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x000f, 0x540f },
+	{ AFTANF, AFTANL, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x000f, 0x440f },
+	{ AFTANHB, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0009, 0x5809 },
+	{ AFTANHD, AFTANHL, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x0009, 0x5409 },
+	{ AFTANHF, AFTANHL, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0009, 0x4409 },
+	{ AFTANHL, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0009, 0x4009 },
+	{ AFTANHW, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0009, 0x5009 },
+	{ AFTANL, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x000f, 0x400f },
+	{ AFTANW, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x000f, 0x500f },
+	{ AFTENTOXB, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0012, 0x5812 },
+	{ AFTENTOXD, AFTENTOXL, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x0012, 0x5412 },
+	{ AFTENTOXF, AFTENTOXL, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0012, 0x4412 },
+	{ AFTENTOXL, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0012, 0x4012 },
+	{ AFTENTOXW, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0012, 0x5012 },
+	{ AFTSTB, AXXX, 0, 2, 20, C, 0x003a, 0x583a },
+	{ AFTSTD, AFTSTL, 0, 8, 20, C, 0x003a, 0x543a },
+	{ AFTSTF, AFTSTL, 0, 4, 20, C, 0x003a, 0x443a },
+	{ AFTSTL, AXXX, 0, 4, 20, C, 0x003a, 0x403a },
+	{ AFTSTW, AXXX, 0, 2, 20, C, 0x003a, 0x503a },
+	{ AFTWOTOXB, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0011, 0x5811 },
+	{ AFTWOTOXD, AFTWOTOXL, 8, 0, 17, C, 0x0011, 0x5411 },
+	{ AFTWOTOXF, AFTWOTOXL, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0011, 0x4411 },
+	{ AFTWOTOXL, AXXX, 4, 0, 17, C, 0x0011, 0x4011 },
+	{ AFTWOTOXW, AXXX, 2, 0, 17, C, 0x0011, 0x5011 },
+	{ AGLOBL },
+	{ AGOK },
+	{ AHISTORY },
+	{ AILLEG, AXXX, 0, 0, 4, 0x4efc },
+	{ AINSTR },
+	{ AJMP, AXXX, 0, 0, 5, 0x4ec0 },
+	{ AJSR, AXXX, 0, 0, 5, 0x4e80 },
+	{ ALEA, AXXX, 0, 0, 6, 0x41c0 },
+	{ ALINKL },
+	{ ALINKW },
+	{ ALOCATE },
+	{ ALONG, AXXX, 0, 4, 23 },
+	{ ALSLB, AXXX, 0, 2, 12, 0xe108 },
+	{ ALSLL, AXXX, 0, 4, 12, 0xe188 },
+	{ ALSLW, AXXX, 0, 2, 12, 0xe148 },
+	{ ALSRB, AXXX, 0, 2, 12, 0xe008 },
+	{ ALSRL, AXXX, 0, 4, 12, 0xe088 },
+	{ ALSRW, AXXX, 0, 2, 12, 0xe048 },
+	{ AMOVB, AXXX, 2, -2, 2, 0x1000, 0x7000 },
+	{ AMOVEM, AXXX, 2, 2, 25, 0x48c0 },
+	{ AMOVEPL },
+	{ AMOVEPW },
+	{ AMOVESB },
+	{ AMOVESL },
+	{ AMOVESW, },
+	{ AMOVL, AXXX, 4, -4, 2, 0x2000, 0x7000 },
+	{ AMOVW, AXXX, 2, -2, 2, 0x3000, 0x7000 },
+	{ AMULSL, AXXX, 4, 0, 14, 0x4c00, 0x0800 },
+	{ AMULSW, AXXX, 2, 0, 13, 0xc1c0 },
+	{ AMULUL, AXXX, 4, 0, 14, 0x4c00, 0x0000 },
+	{ AMULUW, AXXX, 2, 0, 13, 0xc0c0 },
+	{ ANAME },
+	{ ANBCD },
+	{ ANEGB, AXXX, 0, 0, 5, 0x4400 },
+	{ ANEGL, AXXX, 0, 0, 5, 0x4480 },
+	{ ANEGW, AXXX, 0, 0, 5, 0x4440 },
+	{ ANEGXB },
+	{ ANEGXL },
+	{ ANEGXW },
+	{ ANOP },
+	{ ANOTB, AXXX, 0, 0, 5, 0x4600 },
+	{ ANOTL, AXXX, 0, 0, 5, 0x4680 },
+	{ ANOTW, AXXX, 0, 0, 5, 0x4640 },
+	{ AORB, AXXX, 2, 0, 9, 0x8000, 0x8100, 0x0000 },
+	{ AORL, AXXX, 4, 0, 9, 0x8080, 0x8180, 0x0080 },
+	{ AORW, AXXX, 2, 0, 9, 0x8040, 0x8140, 0x0040 },
+	{ APACK },
+	{ APEA, AXXX, 0, 0, 5, 0x4840 },
+	{ ARESET },
+	{ AROTLB, AXXX, 0, 2, 12, 0xe118 },
+	{ AROTLL, AXXX, 0, 4, 12, 0xe198 },
+	{ AROTLW, AXXX, 0, 2, 12, 0xe158 },
+	{ AROTRB, AXXX, 0, 2, 12, 0xe018 },
+	{ AROTRL, AXXX, 0, 4, 12, 0xe098 },
+	{ AROTRW, AXXX, 0, 2, 12, 0xe058 },
+	{ AROXLB },
+	{ AROXLL },
+	{ AROXLW },
+	{ AROXRB },
+	{ AROXRL },
+	{ AROXRW },
+	{ ARTD },
+	{ ARTE, AXXX, 0, 0, 4, 0x4e73 },
+	{ ARTM },
+	{ ARTR },
+	{ ARTS, AXXX, 0, 0, 4, 0x4e75 },
+	{ ASBCD },
+	{ ASCC },
+	{ ASCS },
+	{ ASEQ },
+	{ ASF },
+	{ ASGE },
+	{ ASGT },
+	{ ASHI },
+	{ ASLE },
+	{ ASLS },
+	{ ASLT },
+	{ ASMI },
+	{ ASNE },
+	{ ASPL },
+	{ AST },
+	{ ASTOP },
+	{ ASUBB, AXXX, 2, 0, 3, 0x9000, 0x5100,      0, 0x0400 },
+	{ ASUBL, AXXX, 4, 0, 3, 0x9080, 0x5180, 0x91c0, 0x0480 },
+	{ ASUBW, AXXX, 2, 0, 3, 0x9040, 0x5140, 0x90c0, 0x0440 },
+	{ ASUBXB },
+	{ ASUBXL },
+	{ ASUBXW },
+	{ ASVC },
+	{ ASVS },
+	{ ASWAP, AXXX, 0, 0, 35, 0x4840 },
+	{ ASYS, AXXX, 0, 2, 8, 0x4e40 },
+	{ ATAS, AXXX, 0, 2, 5, 0x4ac0 },
+	{ ATEXT },
+	{ ATRAP, AXXX, 0, 0, 30, 0x4e40 },
+	{ ATRAPCC },
+	{ ATRAPCS },
+	{ ATRAPEQ },
+	{ ATRAPF },
+	{ ATRAPGE },
+	{ ATRAPGT },
+	{ ATRAPHI },
+	{ ATRAPLE },
+	{ ATRAPLS },
+	{ ATRAPLT },
+	{ ATRAPMI },
+	{ ATRAPNE },
+	{ ATRAPPL },
+	{ ATRAPT },
+	{ ATRAPV },
+	{ ATRAPVC },
+	{ ATRAPVS },
+	{ ATSTB, AXXX, 0, 2, 5, 0x4a00 },
+	{ ATSTL, AXXX, 0, 4, 5, 0x4a80 },
+	{ ATSTW, AXXX, 0, 2, 5, 0x4a40 },
+	{ AUNLK },
+	{ AUNPK },
+	{ AWORD, AXXX, 0, 2, 23 },
+	{ AXXX }
+};
+
+char	mmsize[] =
+{
+	/*  0 */	0, 2, 2, 2, 2,
+	/*  5 */	2, 2, 2, 4, 2,
+	/* 10 */	2, 2, 2, 2, 4,
+	/* 15 */	4, 4, 4, 4, 6,
+	/* 20 */	4, 4, 4, 0, 4,
+	/* 25 */	2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
+	/* 30 */	2, 4, 4, 0, 4,
+	/* 35 */	2, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+};
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/1l/pass.c b/sys/src/cmd/1l/pass.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..349026b1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/1l/pass.c
@@ -0,0 +1,673 @@
+#include	"l.h"
+
+void
+dodata(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	Sym *s;
+	Prog *p;
+	long t, u;
+
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f dodata\n", cputime());
+	Bflush(&bso);
+	for(p = datap; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		s = p->from.sym;
+		if(s->type == SBSS)
+			s->type = SDATA;
+		if(s->type != SDATA)
+			diag("initialize non-data (%d): %s\n%P",
+				s->type, s->name, p);
+		t = p->from.offset + p->from.displace;
+		if(t > s->value)
+			diag("initialize bounds (%ld): %s\n%P",
+				s->value, s->name, p);
+	}
+
+	/* allocate small guys */
+	datsize = 0;
+	for(i=0; i<NHASH; i++)
+	for(s = hash[i]; s != S; s = s->link) {
+		if(s->type != SDATA)
+		if(s->type != SBSS)
+			continue;
+		t = s->value;
+		if(t == 0) {
+			diag("%s: no size", s->name);
+			t = 1;
+		}
+		t = rnd(t, 4);;
+		s->value = t;
+		if(t > MINSIZ)
+			continue;
+		s->value = datsize;
+		datsize += t;
+		s->type = SDATA1;
+	}
+
+	/* allocate the rest of the data */
+	for(i=0; i<NHASH; i++)
+	for(s = hash[i]; s != S; s = s->link) {
+		if(s->type != SDATA) {
+			if(s->type == SDATA1)
+				s->type = SDATA;
+			continue;
+		}
+		t = s->value;
+		s->value = datsize;
+		datsize += t;
+	}
+
+	if(debug['j']) {
+		/*
+		 * pad data with bss that fits up to next
+		 * 8k boundary, then push data to 8k
+		 */
+		u = rnd(datsize, 8192);
+		u -= datsize;
+		for(i=0; i<NHASH; i++)
+		for(s = hash[i]; s != S; s = s->link) {
+			if(s->type != SBSS)
+				continue;
+			t = s->value;
+			if(t > u)
+				continue;
+			u -= t;
+			s->value = datsize;
+			s->type = SDATA;
+			datsize += t;
+		}
+		datsize += u;
+	}
+
+	/* now the bss */
+	bsssize = 0;
+	for(i=0; i<NHASH; i++)
+	for(s = hash[i]; s != S; s = s->link) {
+		if(s->type != SBSS)
+			continue;
+		t = s->value;
+		s->value = bsssize + datsize;
+		bsssize += t;
+	}
+	xdefine("bdata", SDATA, 0L);
+	xdefine("edata", SDATA, datsize);
+	xdefine("end", SBSS, datsize+bsssize);
+}
+
+Prog*
+brchain(Prog *p)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for(i=0; i<20; i++) {
+		if(p == P || p->as != ABRA)
+			return p;
+		p = p->pcond;
+	}
+	return P;
+}
+
+void
+follow(void)
+{
+	Prog *p;
+	long o;
+
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f follow\n", cputime());
+	Bflush(&bso);
+	firstp = prg();
+	lastp = firstp;
+	xfol(textp);
+	lastp->link = P;
+	firstp = firstp->link;
+	o = 0; /* set */
+	for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		if(p->as == ATEXT)
+			curtext = p;
+
+		p->stkoff = -1;	/* initialization for stkoff */
+		if(p->as == ATEXT) {
+			p->stkoff = 0;
+			o = p->to.offset;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if(p->as == AADJSP && p->from.offset == 0) {
+			p->stkoff = o;
+			continue;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void
+xfol(Prog *p)
+{
+	Prog *q;
+	int i;
+	enum as a;
+
+loop:
+	if(p == P)
+		return;
+	if(p->as == ATEXT)
+		curtext = p;
+	if(p->as == ABRA)
+	if((q = p->pcond) != P) {
+		p->mark = 1;
+		p = q;
+		if(p->mark == 0)
+			goto loop;
+	}
+	if(p->mark) {
+		/* copy up to 4 instructions to avoid branch */
+		for(i=0,q=p; i<4; i++,q=q->link) {
+			if(q == P)
+				break;
+			if(q == lastp)
+				break;
+			a = q->as;
+			if(a == ANOP) {
+				i--;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if(a == ABRA || a == ARTS || a == ARTE)
+				break;
+			if(q->pcond == P || q->pcond->mark)
+				continue;
+			if(a == ABSR || a == ADBF)
+				continue;
+			for(;;) {
+				if(p->as == ANOP) {
+					p = p->link;
+					continue;
+				}
+				q = copyp(p);
+				p = p->link;
+				q->mark = 1;
+				lastp->link = q;
+				lastp = q;
+				if(q->as != a || q->pcond == P || q->pcond->mark)
+					continue;
+				q->as = relinv(q->as);
+				p = q->pcond;
+				q->pcond = q->link;
+				q->link = p;
+				xfol(q->link);
+				p = q->link;
+				if(p->mark)
+					return;
+				goto loop;
+			}
+		} /* */
+		q = prg();
+		q->as = ABRA;
+		q->line = p->line;
+		q->to.type = D_BRANCH;
+		q->to.offset = p->pc;
+		q->pcond = p;
+		p = q;
+	}
+	p->mark = 1;
+	lastp->link = p;
+	lastp = p;
+	a = p->as;
+	if(a == ARTS || a == ABRA || a == ARTE)
+		return;
+	if(p->pcond != P)
+	if(a != ABSR) {
+		q = brchain(p->link);
+		if(q != P && q->mark)
+		if(a != ADBF) {
+			p->as = relinv(a);
+			p->link = p->pcond;
+			p->pcond = q;
+		}
+		xfol(p->link);
+		q = brchain(p->pcond);
+		if(q->mark) {
+			p->pcond = q;
+			return;
+		}
+		p = q;
+		goto loop;
+	}
+	p = p->link;
+	goto loop;
+}
+
+int
+relinv(int a)
+{
+
+	switch(a) {
+	case ABEQ:	return ABNE;
+	case ABNE:	return ABEQ;
+	case ABLE:	return ABGT;
+	case ABLS:	return ABHI;
+	case ABLT:	return ABGE;
+	case ABMI:	return ABPL;
+	case ABGE:	return ABLT;
+	case ABPL:	return ABMI;
+	case ABGT:	return ABLE;
+	case ABHI:	return ABLS;
+	case ABCS:	return ABCC;
+	case ABCC:	return ABCS;
+	case AFBEQ:	return AFBNE;
+	case AFBF:	return AFBT;
+	case AFBGE:	return AFBLT;
+	case AFBGT:	return AFBLE;
+	case AFBLE:	return AFBGT;
+	case AFBLT:	return AFBGE;
+	case AFBNE:	return AFBEQ;
+	case AFBT:	return AFBF;
+	}
+	diag("unknown relation: %s in %s", anames[a], TNAME);
+	return a;
+}
+
+void
+patch(void)
+{
+	long c;
+	Prog *p, *q;
+	Sym *s;
+	long vexit;
+
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f mkfwd\n", cputime());
+	Bflush(&bso);
+	mkfwd();
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f patch\n", cputime());
+	Bflush(&bso);
+	s = lookup("exit", 0);
+	vexit = s->value;
+	for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		if(p->as == ATEXT)
+			curtext = p;
+		if((p->as == ABSR || p->as == ARTS) && p->to.sym != S) {
+			s = p->to.sym;
+			if(s->type != STEXT) {
+				diag("undefined: %s in %s", s->name, TNAME);
+				s->type = STEXT;
+				s->value = vexit;
+			}
+			p->to.offset = s->value;
+			p->to.type = D_BRANCH;
+		}
+		if(p->to.type != D_BRANCH)
+			continue;
+		c = p->to.offset;
+		for(q = firstp; q != P;) {
+			if(q->forwd != P)
+			if(c >= q->forwd->pc) {
+				q = q->forwd;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if(c == q->pc)
+				break;
+			q = q->link;
+		}
+		if(q == P) {
+			diag("branch out of range in %s\n%P", TNAME, p);
+			p->to.type = D_NONE;
+		}
+		p->pcond = q;
+	}
+
+	for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		if(p->as == ATEXT)
+			curtext = p;
+		p->mark = 0;	/* initialization for follow */
+		if(p->pcond != P) {
+			p->pcond = brloop(p->pcond);
+			if(p->pcond != P)
+			if(p->to.type == D_BRANCH)
+				p->to.offset = p->pcond->pc;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+#define	LOG	5
+void
+mkfwd(void)
+{
+	Prog *p;
+	int i;
+	long dwn[LOG], cnt[LOG];
+	Prog *lst[LOG];
+
+	for(i=0; i<LOG; i++) {
+		if(i == 0)
+			cnt[i] = 1; else
+			cnt[i] = LOG * cnt[i-1];
+		dwn[i] = 1;
+		lst[i] = P;
+	}
+	i = 0;
+	for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		if(p->as == ATEXT)
+			curtext = p;
+		i--;
+		if(i < 0)
+			i = LOG-1;
+		p->forwd = P;
+		dwn[i]--;
+		if(dwn[i] <= 0) {
+			dwn[i] = cnt[i];
+			if(lst[i] != P)
+				lst[i]->forwd = p;
+			lst[i] = p;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+Prog*
+brloop(Prog *p)
+{
+	int c;
+	Prog *q;
+
+	c = 0;
+	for(q = p; q != P; q = q->pcond) {
+		if(q->as != ABRA)
+			break;
+		c++;
+		if(c >= 5000)
+			return P;
+	}
+	return q;
+}
+
+void
+dostkoff(void)
+{
+	Prog *p, *q, *qq;
+	long s, t;
+	int a;
+	Optab *o;
+
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f stkoff\n", cputime());
+	Bflush(&bso);
+	s = 0;
+	for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		if(p->as == ATEXT) {
+			curtext = p;
+			s = p->to.offset;
+			if(s == 0)
+				continue;
+			p = nprg(p);
+			p->as = AADJSP;
+			p->from.type = D_CONST;
+			p->from.offset = s;
+			p->stkoff = 0;
+			continue;
+		}
+		t = 0;
+		for(q = p; q != P; q = q->pcond) {
+			if(q->as == ATEXT)
+				break;
+			if(q->stkoff >= 0)
+				if(q->stkoff != s)
+					diag("stack offset %ld is %ld sb %ld in %s\n%P",
+						q->pc, q->stkoff, s, TNAME, p);
+			q->stkoff = s;
+			if(t++ > 100) {
+				diag("loop in stack offset 1: %P", p);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		o = &optab[p->as];
+		if(p->to.type == D_TOS)
+			s -= o->dstsp;
+		if(p->from.type == D_TOS)
+			s -= o->srcsp;
+		if(p->as == AADJSP)
+			s += p->from.offset;
+		if(p->as == APEA)
+			s += 4;
+		t = 0;
+		for(q = p->link; q != P; q = q->pcond) {
+			if(q->as == ATEXT) {
+				q = P;
+				break;
+			}
+			if(q->stkoff >= 0)
+				break;
+			if(t++ > 100) {
+				diag("loop in stack offset 2: %P", p);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if(q == P || q->stkoff == s)
+			continue;
+		if(p->as == ABRA || p->as == ARTS || p->as == ARTE) {
+			s = q->stkoff;
+			continue;
+		}
+		t = q->stkoff - s;
+		s = q->stkoff;
+		p = nprg(p);
+		p->as = AADJSP;
+		p->stkoff = s - t;
+		p->from.type = D_CONST;
+		p->from.offset = t;
+	}
+
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f rewrite\n", cputime());
+	Bflush(&bso);
+	for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		if(p->as == ATEXT)
+			curtext = p;
+		a = p->from.type & D_MASK;
+		if(a == D_AUTO)
+			p->from.offset += p->stkoff;
+		if(a == D_PARAM)
+			p->from.offset += p->stkoff + 4;
+		a = p->to.type & D_MASK;
+		if(a == D_AUTO)
+			p->to.offset += p->stkoff;
+		if(a == D_PARAM)
+			p->to.offset += p->stkoff + 4;
+		switch(p->as) {
+		default:
+			continue;
+
+		case AMOVW:
+			if(p->from.type != D_CCR)
+				continue;
+			a = p->to.type;
+			if((a < D_R0 || a > D_R0+7) && a != D_TOS)
+				diag("bad dest for MOVCC %P", p);
+			p->as = ALEA;
+			p->from.type = I_INDIR|(D_A0+7);
+			p->from.offset = -2;
+			p->to.type = D_A0+7;
+
+			p = nprg(p);
+			p->as = ABSR;
+			p->to.type = D_BRANCH;
+			p->pcond = prog_ccr;
+			p->to.sym = prog_ccr->from.sym;
+
+			if(a != D_TOS) {
+				p = nprg(p);
+				p->as = AMOVW;
+				p->from.type = D_TOS;
+				p->to.type = a;
+			}
+			continue;
+
+		case AEXTBL:
+			a = p->to.type;
+			if(a < D_R0 || a > D_R0+7)
+				diag("bad dest for EXTB");
+			p->as = AEXTBW;
+
+			p = nprg(p);
+			p->as = AEXTWL;
+			p->to.type = a;
+			continue;
+
+		case AMULSL:
+		case AMULUL:
+			qq = prog_mull;
+			goto mdcom;
+		case ADIVSL:
+			qq = prog_divsl;
+			goto mdcom;
+		case ADIVUL:
+			qq = prog_divul;
+		mdcom:
+			if(debug['m'])
+				continue;
+			a = p->to.type;
+			if(a < D_R0 || a > D_R0+7)
+				diag("bad dest for mul/div");
+			p->as = AMOVL;
+			p->to.type = D_TOS;
+
+			p = nprg(p);
+			p->as = AMOVL;
+			p->from.type = a;
+			p->to.type = D_TOS;
+
+			p = nprg(p);
+			p->as = ABSR;
+			p->to.type = D_BRANCH;
+			p->pcond = qq;
+			p->to.sym = qq->from.sym;
+
+			p = nprg(p);
+			p->as = AMOVL;
+			p->from.type = D_TOS;
+			p->to.type = a;
+
+			p = nprg(p);
+			p->as = AMOVL;
+			p->from.type = D_TOS;
+			p->to.type = a+1;
+			if(qq == prog_mull)
+				p->to.type = a;
+			continue;
+
+		case ARTS:
+			break;
+		}
+		if(p->stkoff == 0)
+			continue;
+
+		p->as = AADJSP;
+		p->from.type = D_CONST;
+		p->from.offset = -p->stkoff;
+
+		p = nprg(p);
+		p->as = ARTS;
+		p->stkoff = 0;
+	}
+}
+
+long
+atolwhex(char *s)
+{
+	long n;
+	int f;
+
+	n = 0;
+	f = 0;
+	while(*s == ' ' || *s == '\t')
+		s++;
+	if(*s == '-' || *s == '+') {
+		if(*s++ == '-')
+			f = 1;
+		while(*s == ' ' || *s == '\t')
+			s++;
+	}
+	if(s[0]=='0' && s[1]){
+		if(s[1]=='x' || s[1]=='X'){
+			s += 2;
+			for(;;){
+				if(*s >= '0' && *s <= '9')
+					n = n*16 + *s++ - '0';
+				else if(*s >= 'a' && *s <= 'f')
+					n = n*16 + *s++ - 'a' + 10;
+				else if(*s >= 'A' && *s <= 'F')
+					n = n*16 + *s++ - 'A' + 10;
+				else
+					break;
+			}
+		} else
+			while(*s >= '0' && *s <= '7')
+				n = n*8 + *s++ - '0';
+	} else
+		while(*s >= '0' && *s <= '9')
+			n = n*10 + *s++ - '0';
+	if(f)
+		n = -n;
+	return n;
+}
+
+void
+undef(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	Sym *s;
+
+	for(i=0; i<NHASH; i++)
+	for(s = hash[i]; s != S; s = s->link)
+		if(s->type == SXREF)
+			diag("%s: not defined", s->name);
+}
+
+void
+initmuldiv1(void)
+{
+	lookup("_mull", 0)->type = SXREF;
+	lookup("_divsl", 0)->type = SXREF;
+	lookup("_divul", 0)->type = SXREF;
+	lookup("_ccr", 0)->type = SXREF;
+}
+
+void
+initmuldiv2(void)
+{
+	Sym *s1, *s2, *s3, *s4;
+	Prog *p;
+
+	if(prog_mull != P)
+		return;
+	s1 = lookup("_mull", 0);
+	s2 = lookup("_divsl", 0);
+	s3 = lookup("_divul", 0);
+	s4 = lookup("_ccr", 0);
+	for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p->link)
+		if(p->as == ATEXT) {
+			if(p->from.sym == s1)
+				prog_mull = p;
+			if(p->from.sym == s2)
+				prog_divsl = p;
+			if(p->from.sym == s3)
+				prog_divul = p;
+			if(p->from.sym == s4)
+				prog_ccr = p;
+		}
+	if(prog_mull == P) {
+		diag("undefined: %s", s1->name);
+		prog_mull = curtext;
+	}
+	if(prog_divsl == P) {
+		diag("undefined: %s", s2->name);
+		prog_divsl = curtext;
+	}
+	if(prog_divul == P) {
+		diag("undefined: %s", s3->name);
+		prog_divul = curtext;
+	}
+	if(prog_ccr == P) {
+		diag("undefined: %s", s4->name);
+		prog_ccr = curtext;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/1l/span.c b/sys/src/cmd/1l/span.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d8baa3625
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/1l/span.c
@@ -0,0 +1,515 @@
+#include	"l.h"
+
+void
+span(void)
+{
+	Prog *p, *q;
+	long v, c, idat;
+	Optab *o;
+	int m, n;
+
+	xdefine("etext", STEXT, 0L);
+	xdefine("a6base", STEXT, 0L);
+	idat = INITDAT;
+	for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		if(p->as == ATEXT)
+			curtext = p;
+		n = 0;
+		if((q = p->pcond) != P)
+			if(q->back != 2)
+				n = 1;
+		p->back = n;
+		if(p->as == AADJSP) {
+			p->to.type = D_A0+7;
+			v = -p->from.offset;
+			p->from.offset = v;
+			if((v < -8 && v >= -32768L) || (v > 8 && v < 32768L)) {
+				p->as = ALEA;
+				p->from.type = I_INDIR | (D_A0+7);
+				continue;
+			}
+			p->as = AADDL;
+			if(v < 0) {
+				p->as = ASUBL;
+				v = -v;
+				p->from.offset = v;
+			}
+			if(v >= 0 && v <= 8)
+				p->from.type = D_QUICK;
+			if(v == 0)
+				p->as = ANOP;
+		}
+	}
+	n = 0;
+
+start:
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f span\n", cputime());
+	Bflush(&bso);
+	c = INITTEXT;
+	for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		if(p->as == ATEXT)
+			curtext = p;
+		o = &optab[p->as];
+		p->pc = c;
+		m = mmsize[o->optype];
+		if(m == 0) {
+			if(p->as == AWORD)
+				m = 2;
+			if(p->as == ALONG)
+				m = 4;
+			p->mark = m;
+			c += m;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if(p->from.type != D_NONE)
+			m += andsize(p, &p->from);
+		if(p->to.type == D_BRANCH) {
+			if(p->pcond == P)
+				p->pcond = p;
+			c += m;
+			if(m == 2)
+				m |= 0100;
+			p->mark = m;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if(p->to.type != D_NONE)
+			m += andsize(p, &p->to);
+		p->mark = m;
+		c += m;
+	}
+
+loop:
+	n++;
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f span %d\n", cputime(), n);
+	Bflush(&bso);
+	if(n > 60) {
+		diag("span must be looping");
+		errorexit();
+	}
+	c = INITTEXT;
+	for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		if(p->as == ATEXT)
+			curtext = p;
+		if((m = p->mark) & 0100) {
+			q = p->pcond;
+			v = q->pc - 2;
+			if(p->back)
+				v -= c;
+			else
+				v -= p->pc;
+			p->pc = c;
+			if(v < -32768L || v >= 32768L) {
+				c += 6;		/* only jsr and jmp can do this */
+			} else
+			if(v < -128 || v >= 128)
+				c += 4;
+			else
+			if(v == 0) {
+				c += 4;
+				p->mark = 4;
+			} else
+				c += 2;
+			continue;
+		}
+		p->pc = c;
+		c += m;
+	}
+	if(c != textsize) {
+		textsize = c;
+		goto loop;
+	}
+	if(INITRND)
+		INITDAT = rnd(c, INITRND);
+	if(INITDAT != idat) {
+		idat = INITDAT;
+		goto start;
+	}
+	xdefine("etext", STEXT, c);
+	xdefine("a6base", STEXT, INITDAT+A6OFFSET);
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "etext = %lux\n", c);
+	Bflush(&bso);
+	for(p = textp; p != P; p = p->pcond)
+		p->from.sym->value = p->pc;
+	textsize = c - INITTEXT;
+}
+
+void
+xdefine(char *p, int t, long v)
+{
+	Sym *s;
+
+	s = lookup(p, 0);
+	if(s->type == 0 || s->type == SXREF) {
+		s->type = t;
+		s->value = v;
+	}
+	if(s->type == STEXT && s->value == 0)
+		s->value = v;
+}
+
+int
+andsize(Prog *p, Adr *ap)
+{
+	int t, n;
+	long v;
+	Optab *o;
+
+	t = ap->type;
+	n = simple[t];
+	if(n != 0177) {
+		v = ap->offset;
+		if(v == 0)
+			return 0;
+		if((n&070) != 020)	/* D_INDIR */
+			return 0;
+		if(v == 0)
+			return 0;
+		return 2;
+	}
+	if((t&I_MASK) == I_ADDR)
+		t = D_CONST;
+	switch(t) {
+
+	default:
+		return 0;
+
+	case D_STACK:
+	case D_AUTO:
+	case D_PARAM:
+		v = ap->offset;
+		if(v == 0)
+			return 0;
+		return 2;
+
+	case I_INDIR|D_CONST:
+		v = ap->offset;
+		if(v < -32768L || v >= 32768L)
+			return 4;
+		return 2;
+
+	case D_STATIC:
+	case D_EXTERN:
+		if(ap->sym->type == STEXT) {
+			if(HEADTYPE == 4)
+				return 2;
+			return 4;
+		}
+		v = ap->sym->value + ap->offset - A6OFFSET;
+		if(v == 0)
+			return 0;
+		if(v < -32768L || v >= 32768L)
+			return 4;
+		return 2;
+
+	case D_CONST:
+	case D_FCONST:
+		o = &optab[p->as];
+		if(ap == &(p->from))
+			return o->srcsp;
+		return o->dstsp;
+
+	case D_CCR:
+	case D_SR:
+		if(p->as == AMOVW)
+			return 0;
+		return 2;
+
+	case D_USP:
+		t = p->from.type;
+		if(t >= D_A0 && t <= D_A0+8)
+			return 0;
+		t = p->to.type;
+		if(t >= D_A0 && t <= D_A0+8)
+			return 0;
+
+	case D_SFC:
+	case D_DFC:
+	case D_CACR:
+	case D_VBR:
+	case D_CAAR:
+	case D_MSP:
+	case D_ISP:
+	case D_FPCR:
+	case D_FPSR:
+	case D_FPIAR:
+ 	case D_TC:
+	case D_ITT0:
+	case D_ITT1:
+	case D_DTT0:
+	case D_DTT1:
+	case D_MMUSR:
+	case D_URP:
+	case D_SRP:
+		return 2;
+	}
+}
+
+void
+putsymb(Sym *s, int t, long v)
+{
+	int i, f;
+	char *n;
+
+	n = s->name;
+	if(t == 'f')
+		n++;
+	lput(v);
+	if(s->version)
+		t += 'a' - 'A';
+	CPUT(t+0x80);			/* 0x80 is variable length */
+
+	if(t == 'Z' || t == 'z') {
+		CPUT(n[0]);
+		for(i=1; n[i] != 0 || n[i+1] != 0; i += 2) {
+			CPUT(n[i]);
+			CPUT(n[i+1]);
+		}
+		CPUT(0);
+		CPUT(0);
+		i++;
+	}
+	else {
+		for(i=0; n[i]; i++)
+			CPUT(n[i]);
+		CPUT(0);
+	}
+	symsize += 4 + 1 + i + 1;
+
+	if(debug['n']) {
+		if(t == 'z' || t == 'Z') {
+			Bprint(&bso, "%c %.8lux ", t, v);
+			for(i=1; n[i] != 0 || n[i+1] != 0; i+=2) {
+				f = ((n[i]&0xff) << 8) | (n[i+1]&0xff);
+				Bprint(&bso, "/%x", f);
+			}
+			Bprint(&bso, "\n");
+			return;
+		}
+		if(s->version)
+			Bprint(&bso, "%c %.8lux %s<%d>\n", t, v, n, s->version);
+		else
+			Bprint(&bso, "%c %.8lux %s\n", t, v, n);
+	}
+}
+
+void
+asmsym(void)
+{
+	Prog *p;
+	Auto *a;
+	Sym *s;
+	int h;
+
+	s = lookup("etext", 0);
+	if(s->type == STEXT)
+		putsymb(s, 'T', s->value);
+	s = lookup("a6base", 0);
+	if(s->type == STEXT)
+		putsymb(s, 'D', s->value);
+
+	for(h=0; h<NHASH; h++)
+		for(s=hash[h]; s!=S; s=s->link)
+			switch(s->type) {
+			case SDATA:
+				putsymb(s, 'D', s->value+INITDAT);
+				continue;
+
+			case SBSS:
+				putsymb(s, 'B', s->value+INITDAT);
+				continue;
+
+			case SFILE:
+				putsymb(s, 'f', s->value);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+	for(p=textp; p!=P; p=p->pcond) {
+		s = p->from.sym;
+		if(s->type != STEXT)
+			continue;
+
+		/* filenames first */
+		for(a=p->to.autom; a; a=a->link)
+			if(a->type == D_FILE)
+				putsymb(a->asym, 'z', a->aoffset);
+			else
+			if(a->type == D_FILE1)
+				putsymb(a->asym, 'Z', a->aoffset);
+
+		putsymb(s, 'T', s->value);
+
+		/* auto and param after */
+		for(a=p->to.autom; a; a=a->link)
+			if(a->type == D_AUTO)
+				putsymb(a->asym, 'a', -a->aoffset);
+			else
+			if(a->type == D_PARAM)
+				putsymb(a->asym, 'p', a->aoffset);
+	}
+	if(debug['v'] || debug['n'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "symsize = %lud\n", symsize);
+	Bflush(&bso);
+}
+
+#define	MINLC	2
+void
+asmsp(void)
+{
+	long oldpc, oldsp;
+	Prog *p;
+	int s;
+	long v;
+
+	oldpc = INITTEXT;
+	oldsp = 0;
+	for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		if(p->stkoff == oldsp || p->as == ATEXT || p->as == ANOP) {
+			if(p->as == ATEXT)
+				curtext = p;
+			if(debug['G'])
+				Bprint(&bso, "%6lux %4ld%P\n",
+					p->pc, p->stkoff, p);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if(debug['G'])
+			Bprint(&bso, "\t\t%6ld", spsize);
+		v = (p->pc - oldpc) / MINLC;
+		while(v) {
+			s = 127;
+			if(v < 127)
+				s = v;
+			CPUT(s+128);	/* 129-255 +pc */
+			if(debug['G'])
+				Bprint(&bso, " pc+%d*2(%d)", s, s+128);
+			v -= s;
+			spsize++;
+		}
+		v = p->stkoff - oldsp;
+		oldsp = p->stkoff;
+		oldpc = p->pc + MINLC;
+		if(v & 3 || v > 64L*4L || v < -64L*4L) {
+			CPUT(0);	/* 0 vvvv +sp */
+			lput(v);
+			if(debug['G']) {
+				if(v > 0)
+					Bprint(&bso, " sp+%ld*1(%d,%ld)\n",
+						v, 0, v);
+				else
+					Bprint(&bso, " sp%ld*1(%d,%ld)\n",
+						v, 0, v);
+				Bprint(&bso, "%6lux %4ld%P\n",
+					p->pc, p->stkoff, p);
+			}
+			spsize += 5;
+			continue;
+		}
+		s = v/4;
+		if(s > 0) {
+			CPUT(0+s);	/* 1-64 +sp */
+			if(debug['G']) {
+				Bprint(&bso, " sp+%d*4(%d)\n", s, 0+s);
+				Bprint(&bso, "%6lux %4ld%P\n",
+					p->pc, p->stkoff, p);
+			}
+		} else {
+			CPUT(64-s);	/* 65-128 -sp */
+			if(debug['G']) {
+				Bprint(&bso, " sp%d*4(%d)\n", s, 64-s);
+				Bprint(&bso, "%6lux %4ld%P\n",
+					p->pc, p->stkoff, p);
+			}
+		}
+		spsize++;
+	}
+	while(spsize & 1) {
+		s = 129;
+		CPUT(s);
+		spsize++;
+	}
+	if(debug['v'] || debug['G'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "stsize = %ld\n", spsize);
+	Bflush(&bso);
+}
+
+void
+asmlc(void)
+{
+	long oldpc, oldlc;
+	Prog *p;
+	long v, s;
+
+	oldpc = INITTEXT;
+	oldlc = 0;
+	for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		if(p->line == oldlc || p->as == ATEXT || p->as == ANOP) {
+			if(p->as == ATEXT)
+				curtext = p;
+			if(debug['L'])
+				Bprint(&bso, "%6lux %P\n",
+					p->pc, p);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if(debug['L'])
+			Bprint(&bso, "\t\t%6ld", lcsize);
+		v = (p->pc - oldpc) / MINLC;
+		while(v) {
+			s = 127;
+			if(v < 127)
+				s = v;
+			CPUT(s+128);	/* 129-255 +pc */
+			if(debug['L'])
+				Bprint(&bso, " pc+%ld*%d(%ld)", s, MINLC, s+128);
+			v -= s;
+			lcsize++;
+		}
+		s = p->line - oldlc;
+		oldlc = p->line;
+		oldpc = p->pc + MINLC;
+		if(s > 64 || s < -64) {
+			CPUT(0);	/* 0 vv +lc */
+			CPUT(s>>24);
+			CPUT(s>>16);
+			CPUT(s>>8);
+			CPUT(s);
+			if(debug['L']) {
+				if(s > 0)
+					Bprint(&bso, " lc+%ld(%d,%ld)\n",
+						s, 0, s);
+				else
+					Bprint(&bso, " lc%ld(%d,%ld)\n",
+						s, 0, s);
+				Bprint(&bso, "%6lux %P\n",
+					p->pc, p);
+			}
+			lcsize += 5;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if(s > 0) {
+			CPUT(0+s);	/* 1-64 +lc */
+			if(debug['L']) {
+				Bprint(&bso, " lc+%ld(%ld)\n", s, 0+s);
+				Bprint(&bso, "%6lux %P\n",
+					p->pc, p);
+			}
+		} else {
+			CPUT(64-s);	/* 65-128 -lc */
+			if(debug['L']) {
+				Bprint(&bso, " lc%ld(%ld)\n", s, 64-s);
+				Bprint(&bso, "%6lux %P\n",
+					p->pc, p);
+			}
+		}
+		lcsize++;
+	}
+	while(lcsize & 1) {
+		s = 129;
+		CPUT(s);
+		lcsize++;
+	}
+	if(debug['v'] || debug['L'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "lcsize = %ld\n", lcsize);
+	Bflush(&bso);
+}