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authorOri Bernstein <ori@eigenstate.org>2021-06-14 00:00:37 +0000
committerOri Bernstein <ori@eigenstate.org>2021-06-14 00:00:37 +0000
commita73a964e51247ed169d322c725a3a18859f109a3 (patch)
tree3f752d117274d444bda44e85609aeac1acf313f3 /sys/src/cmd/python/Demo/metaclasses/Eiffel.py
parente64efe273fcb921a61bf27d33b230c4e64fcd425 (diff)
python, hg: tow outside the environment.
they've served us well, and can ride off into the sunset.
Diffstat (limited to 'sys/src/cmd/python/Demo/metaclasses/Eiffel.py')
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diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/python/Demo/metaclasses/Eiffel.py b/sys/src/cmd/python/Demo/metaclasses/Eiffel.py
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-"""Support Eiffel-style preconditions and postconditions.
-
-For example,
-
-class C:
- def m1(self, arg):
- require arg > 0
- return whatever
- ensure Result > arg
-
-can be written (clumsily, I agree) as:
-
-class C(Eiffel):
- def m1(self, arg):
- return whatever
- def m1_pre(self, arg):
- assert arg > 0
- def m1_post(self, Result, arg):
- assert Result > arg
-
-Pre- and post-conditions for a method, being implemented as methods
-themselves, are inherited independently from the method. This gives
-much of the same effect of Eiffel, where pre- and post-conditions are
-inherited when a method is overridden by a derived class. However,
-when a derived class in Python needs to extend a pre- or
-post-condition, it must manually merge the base class' pre- or
-post-condition with that defined in the derived class', for example:
-
-class D(C):
- def m1(self, arg):
- return arg**2
- def m1_post(self, Result, arg):
- C.m1_post(self, Result, arg)
- assert Result < 100
-
-This gives derived classes more freedom but also more responsibility
-than in Eiffel, where the compiler automatically takes care of this.
-
-In Eiffel, pre-conditions combine using contravariance, meaning a
-derived class can only make a pre-condition weaker; in Python, this is
-up to the derived class. For example, a derived class that takes away
-the requirement that arg > 0 could write:
-
- def m1_pre(self, arg):
- pass
-
-but one could equally write a derived class that makes a stronger
-requirement:
-
- def m1_pre(self, arg):
- require arg > 50
-
-It would be easy to modify the classes shown here so that pre- and
-post-conditions can be disabled (separately, on a per-class basis).
-
-A different design would have the pre- or post-condition testing
-functions return true for success and false for failure. This would
-make it possible to implement automatic combination of inherited
-and new pre-/post-conditions. All this is left as an exercise to the
-reader.
-
-"""
-
-from Meta import MetaClass, MetaHelper, MetaMethodWrapper
-
-class EiffelMethodWrapper(MetaMethodWrapper):
-
- def __init__(self, func, inst):
- MetaMethodWrapper.__init__(self, func, inst)
- # Note that the following causes recursive wrappers around
- # the pre-/post-condition testing methods. These are harmless
- # but inefficient; to avoid them, the lookup must be done
- # using the class.
- try:
- self.pre = getattr(inst, self.__name__ + "_pre")
- except AttributeError:
- self.pre = None
- try:
- self.post = getattr(inst, self.__name__ + "_post")
- except AttributeError:
- self.post = None
-
- def __call__(self, *args, **kw):
- if self.pre:
- apply(self.pre, args, kw)
- Result = apply(self.func, (self.inst,) + args, kw)
- if self.post:
- apply(self.post, (Result,) + args, kw)
- return Result
-
-class EiffelHelper(MetaHelper):
- __methodwrapper__ = EiffelMethodWrapper
-
-class EiffelMetaClass(MetaClass):
- __helper__ = EiffelHelper
-
-Eiffel = EiffelMetaClass('Eiffel', (), {})
-
-
-def _test():
- class C(Eiffel):
- def m1(self, arg):
- return arg+1
- def m1_pre(self, arg):
- assert arg > 0, "precondition for m1 failed"
- def m1_post(self, Result, arg):
- assert Result > arg
- x = C()
- x.m1(12)
-## x.m1(-1)
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
- _test()