Import sources from 2011-03-30 iso image

11 files changed, 6087 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/vl/asm.c b/sys/src/cmd/vl/asm.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1e7039f1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/vl/asm.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1489 @@
+#include	"l.h"
+
+long	OFFSET;
+/*
+long	BADOFFSET	=	-1;
+
+		if(OFFSET <= BADOFFSET && OFFSET+4 > BADOFFSET)\
+			abort();\
+		OFFSET += 4;\
+
+		if(OFFSET == BADOFFSET)\
+			abort();\
+		OFFSET++;\
+*/
+
+#define LPUT(l) { \
+		if (little) { \
+			LLEPUT(l); \
+		} else { \
+			LBEPUT(l); \
+		} \
+	}
+
+#define	LLEPUT(c)\
+	{\
+		cbp[0] = (c);\
+		cbp[1] = (c)>>8;\
+		cbp[2] = (c)>>16;\
+		cbp[3] = (c)>>24;\
+		cbp += 4;\
+		cbc -= 4;\
+		if(cbc <= 0)\
+			cflush();\
+	}
+
+#define	LBEPUT(c)\
+	{\
+		cbp[0] = (c)>>24;\
+		cbp[1] = (c)>>16;\
+		cbp[2] = (c)>>8;\
+		cbp[3] = (c);\
+		cbp += 4;\
+		cbc -= 4;\
+		if(cbc <= 0)\
+			cflush();\
+	}
+
+#define HPUT(h) { \
+		if (little) { \
+			HLEPUT(h); \
+		} else { \
+			HBEPUT(h); \
+		} \
+	}
+
+#define	HLEPUT(c)\
+	{\
+		cbp[0] = (c);\
+		cbp[1] = (c)>>8;\
+		cbp += 2;\
+		cbc -= 2;\
+		if(cbc <= 0)\
+			cflush();\
+	}
+
+#define	HBEPUT(c)\
+	{\
+		cbp[0] = (c)>>8;\
+		cbp[1] = (c);\
+		cbp += 2;\
+		cbc -= 2;\
+		if(cbc <= 0)\
+			cflush();\
+	}
+
+
+#define	CPUT(c)\
+	{\
+		cbp[0] = (c);\
+		cbp++;\
+		cbc--;\
+		if(cbc <= 0)\
+			cflush();\
+	}
+
+void
+objput(long l)	/* emit long in byte order appropriate to object machine */
+{
+	LPUT(l);
+}
+
+void
+objhput(short s)
+{
+	HPUT(s);
+}
+
+void
+lput(long l)		/* emit long in big-endian byte order */
+{
+	LBEPUT(l);
+}
+
+long
+entryvalue(void)
+{
+	char *a;
+	Sym *s;
+
+	a = INITENTRY;
+	if(*a >= '0' && *a <= '9')
+		return atolwhex(a);
+	s = lookup(a, 0);
+	if(s->type == 0)
+		return INITTEXT;
+	if(s->type != STEXT && s->type != SLEAF)
+		diag("entry not text: %s", s->name);
+	return s->value;
+}
+
+void
+asmb(void)
+{
+	Prog *p;
+	long t, etext;
+	Optab *o;
+
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f asm\n", cputime());
+	Bflush(&bso);
+	OFFSET = HEADR;
+	seek(cout, OFFSET, 0);
+	pc = INITTEXT;
+	for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		if(p->as == ATEXT) {
+			curtext = p;
+			autosize = p->to.offset + 4;
+		}
+		if(p->pc != pc) {
+			diag("phase error %lux sb %lux",
+				p->pc, pc);
+			if(!debug['a'])
+				prasm(curp);
+			pc = p->pc;
+		}
+		curp = p;
+		o = oplook(p);	/* could probably avoid this call */
+		if(asmout(p, o, 0)) {
+			p = p->link;
+			pc += 4;
+		}
+		pc += o->size;
+	}
+	if(debug['a'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "\n");
+	Bflush(&bso);
+	cflush();
+
+	etext = INITTEXT + textsize;
+	for(t = pc; t < etext; t += sizeof(buf)-100) {
+		if(etext-t > sizeof(buf)-100)
+			datblk(t, sizeof(buf)-100, 1);
+		else
+			datblk(t, etext-t, 1);
+	}
+
+	Bflush(&bso);
+	cflush();
+
+	curtext = P;
+	switch(HEADTYPE) {
+	case 0:
+	case 4:
+		OFFSET = rnd(HEADR+textsize, 4096);
+		seek(cout, OFFSET, 0);
+		break;
+	case 1:
+	case 2:
+	case 3:
+	case 5:
+	case 6:
+		OFFSET = HEADR+textsize;
+		seek(cout, OFFSET, 0);
+		break;
+	}
+	for(t = 0; t < datsize; t += sizeof(buf)-100) {
+		if(datsize-t > sizeof(buf)-100)
+			datblk(t, sizeof(buf)-100, 0);
+		else
+			datblk(t, datsize-t, 0);
+	}
+
+	symsize = 0;
+	lcsize = 0;
+	if(!debug['s']) {
+		if(debug['v'])
+			Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f sym\n", cputime());
+		Bflush(&bso);
+		switch(HEADTYPE) {
+		case 0:
+		case 4:
+			OFFSET = rnd(HEADR+textsize, 4096)+datsize;
+			seek(cout, OFFSET, 0);
+			break;
+		case 3:
+		case 2:
+		case 1:
+		case 5:
+		case 6:
+			OFFSET = HEADR+textsize+datsize;
+			seek(cout, OFFSET, 0);
+			break;
+		}
+		if(!debug['s'])
+			asmsym();
+		if(debug['v'])
+			Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f pc\n", cputime());
+		Bflush(&bso);
+		if(!debug['s'])
+			asmlc();
+		cflush();
+	}
+
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f header\n", cputime());
+	Bflush(&bso);
+	OFFSET = 0;
+	seek(cout, OFFSET, 0);
+	switch(HEADTYPE) {
+	case 0:
+		lput(0x160L<<16);		/* magic and sections */
+		lput(0L);			/* time and date */
+		lput(rnd(HEADR+textsize, 4096)+datsize);
+		lput(symsize);			/* nsyms */
+		lput((0x38L<<16)|7L);		/* size of optional hdr and flags */
+		lput((0413<<16)|0437L);		/* magic and version */
+		lput(rnd(HEADR+textsize, 4096));	/* sizes */
+		lput(datsize);
+		lput(bsssize);
+		lput(entryvalue());		/* va of entry */
+		lput(INITTEXT-HEADR);		/* va of base of text */
+		lput(INITDAT);			/* va of base of data */
+		lput(INITDAT+datsize);		/* va of base of bss */
+		lput(~0L);			/* gp reg mask */
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(~0L);			/* gp value ?? */
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		lput(0x160L<<16);		/* magic and sections */
+		lput(0L);			/* time and date */
+		lput(HEADR+textsize+datsize);
+		lput(symsize);			/* nsyms */
+		lput((0x38L<<16)|7L);		/* size of optional hdr and flags */
+
+		lput((0407<<16)|0437L);		/* magic and version */
+		lput(textsize);			/* sizes */
+		lput(datsize);
+		lput(bsssize);
+		lput(entryvalue());		/* va of entry */
+		lput(INITTEXT);			/* va of base of text */
+		lput(INITDAT);			/* va of base of data */
+		lput(INITDAT+datsize);		/* va of base of bss */
+		lput(~0L);			/* gp reg mask */
+		lput(lcsize);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(~0L);			/* gp value ?? */
+		lput(0L);			/* complete mystery */
+		break;
+	case 2:
+		if (little)
+			t = 24;
+		else
+			t = 16;
+		lput(((((4*t)+0)*t)+7));	/* magic */
+		lput(textsize);			/* sizes */
+		lput(datsize);
+		lput(bsssize);
+		lput(symsize);			/* nsyms */
+		lput(entryvalue());		/* va of entry */
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(lcsize);
+		break;
+	case 3:
+		lput((0x160L<<16)|3L);		/* magic and sections */
+		lput(time(0));			/* time and date */
+		lput(HEADR+textsize+datsize);
+		lput(symsize);			/* nsyms */
+		lput((0x38L<<16)|7L);		/* size of optional hdr and flags */
+
+		lput((0407<<16)|0437L);		/* magic and version */
+		lput(textsize);			/* sizes */
+		lput(datsize);
+		lput(bsssize);
+		lput(entryvalue());		/* va of entry */
+		lput(INITTEXT);			/* va of base of text */
+		lput(INITDAT);			/* va of base of data */
+		lput(INITDAT+datsize);		/* va of base of bss */
+		lput(~0L);			/* gp reg mask */
+		lput(lcsize);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(~0L);			/* gp value ?? */
+
+		strnput(".text", 8);		/* text segment */
+		lput(INITTEXT);			/* address */
+		lput(INITTEXT);
+		lput(textsize);
+		lput(HEADR);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(HEADR+textsize+datsize+symsize);
+		lput(lcsize);			/* line number size */
+		lput(0x20L);			/* flags */
+
+		strnput(".data", 8);		/* data segment */
+		lput(INITDAT);			/* address */
+		lput(INITDAT);
+		lput(datsize);
+		lput(HEADR+textsize);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(0x40L);			/* flags */
+
+		strnput(".bss", 8);		/* bss segment */
+		lput(INITDAT+datsize);		/* address */
+		lput(INITDAT+datsize);
+		lput(bsssize);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(0x80L);			/* flags */
+		break;
+	case 4:
+
+		lput((0x160L<<16)|3L);		/* magic and sections */
+		lput(time(0));			/* time and date */
+		lput(rnd(HEADR+textsize, 4096)+datsize);
+		lput(symsize);			/* nsyms */
+		lput((0x38L<<16)|7L);		/* size of optional hdr and flags */
+
+		lput((0413<<16)|01012L);	/* magic and version */
+		lput(textsize);			/* sizes */
+		lput(datsize);
+		lput(bsssize);
+		lput(entryvalue());		/* va of entry */
+		lput(INITTEXT);			/* va of base of text */
+		lput(INITDAT);			/* va of base of data */
+		lput(INITDAT+datsize);		/* va of base of bss */
+		lput(~0L);			/* gp reg mask */
+		lput(lcsize);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(~0L);			/* gp value ?? */
+
+		strnput(".text", 8);		/* text segment */
+		lput(INITTEXT);			/* address */
+		lput(INITTEXT);
+		lput(textsize);
+		lput(HEADR);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(HEADR+textsize+datsize+symsize);
+		lput(lcsize);			/* line number size */
+		lput(0x20L);			/* flags */
+
+		strnput(".data", 8);		/* data segment */
+		lput(INITDAT);			/* address */
+		lput(INITDAT);
+		lput(datsize);
+		lput(rnd(HEADR+textsize, 4096));	/* sizes */
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(0x40L);			/* flags */
+
+		strnput(".bss", 8);		/* bss segment */
+		lput(INITDAT+datsize);		/* address */
+		lput(INITDAT+datsize);
+		lput(bsssize);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(0L);
+		lput(0x80L);			/* flags */
+		break;
+	case 5:
+		/* first part of ELF is byte-wide parts, thus no byte-order issues */
+		strnput("\177ELF", 4);		/* e_ident */
+		CPUT(1);			/* class = 32 bit */
+		CPUT(little? 1: 2);		/* data: 1 = LSB, 2 = MSB */
+		CPUT(1);			/* version = 1 */
+		strnput("", 9);			/* reserved for expansion */
+		/* entire remainder of ELF file is in target byte order */
+
+		/* file header part of ELF header */
+		objhput(2);			/* type = EXEC */
+		objhput(8);			/* machine = MIPS */
+		objput(1L);			/* version = CURRENT */
+		objput(entryvalue());		/* entry vaddr */
+		objput(52L);			/* offset to first phdr */
+		objput(0L);			/* offset to first shdr */
+		objput(0L);			/* flags (no MIPS flags defined) */
+		objhput(52);			/* Ehdr size */
+		objhput(32);			/* Phdr size */
+		objhput(3);			/* # of Phdrs */
+		objhput(0);			/* Shdr size */
+		objhput(0);			/* # of Shdrs */
+		objhput(0);			/* Shdr string size */
+
+		/* "Program headers" - one per chunk of file to load */
+
+		/*
+		 * include ELF headers in text -- 8l doesn't,
+		 * but in theory it aids demand loading.
+		 */
+		objput(1L);			/* text: type = PT_LOAD */
+		objput(0L);			/* file offset */
+		objput(INITTEXT-HEADR);		/* vaddr */
+		objput(INITTEXT-HEADR);		/* paddr */
+		objput(HEADR+textsize);		/* file size */
+		objput(HEADR+textsize);		/* memory size */
+		objput(0x05L);			/* protections = RX */
+		objput(0x1000L);		/* page-align text off's & vaddrs */
+
+		objput(1L);			/* data: type = PT_LOAD */
+		objput(HEADR+textsize);		/* file offset */
+		objput(INITDAT);		/* vaddr */
+		objput(INITDAT);		/* paddr */
+		objput(datsize);		/* file size */
+		objput(datsize+bsssize);	/* memory size */
+		objput(0x06L);			/* protections = RW */
+		if(INITDAT % 4096 == 0 && (HEADR + textsize) % 4096 == 0)
+			objput(0x1000L);	/* page-align data off's & vaddrs */
+		else
+			objput(0L);		/* do not claim alignment */
+
+		objput(0L);			/* P9 symbols: type = PT_NULL */
+		objput(HEADR+textsize+datsize);	/* file offset */
+		objput(0L);
+		objput(0L);
+		objput(symsize);		/* symbol table size */
+		objput(lcsize);			/* line number size */
+		objput(0x04L);			/* protections = R */
+		objput(0L);			/* do not claim alignment */
+		break;
+	case 6:
+		break;
+	}
+	cflush();
+}
+
+void
+strnput(char *s, int n)
+{
+	for(; *s; s++){
+		CPUT(*s);
+		n--;
+	}
+	for(; n > 0; n--)
+		CPUT(0);
+}
+
+void
+cflush(void)
+{
+	int n;
+
+	n = sizeof(buf.cbuf) - cbc;
+	if(n)
+		write(cout, buf.cbuf, n);
+	cbp = buf.cbuf;
+	cbc = sizeof(buf.cbuf);
+}
+
+void
+nopstat(char *f, Count *c)
+{
+	if(c->outof)
+	Bprint(&bso, "%s delay %ld/%ld (%.2f)\n", f,
+		c->outof - c->count, c->outof,
+		(double)(c->outof - c->count)/c->outof);
+}
+
+void
+asmsym(void)
+{
+	Prog *p;
+	Auto *a;
+	Sym *s;
+	int h;
+
+	s = lookup("etext", 0);
+	if(s->type == STEXT)
+		putsymb(s->name, 'T', s->value, s->version);
+
+	for(h=0; h<NHASH; h++)
+		for(s=hash[h]; s!=S; s=s->link)
+			switch(s->type) {
+			case SCONST:
+				putsymb(s->name, 'D', s->value, s->version);
+				continue;
+
+			case SSTRING:
+				putsymb(s->name, 'T', s->value, s->version);
+				continue;
+
+			case SDATA:
+				putsymb(s->name, 'D', s->value+INITDAT, s->version);
+				continue;
+
+			case SBSS:
+				putsymb(s->name, 'B', s->value+INITDAT, s->version);
+				continue;
+
+			case SFILE:
+				putsymb(s->name, 'f', s->value, s->version);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+	for(p=textp; p!=P; p=p->cond) {
+		s = p->from.sym;
+		if(s->type != STEXT && s->type != SLEAF)
+			continue;
+
+		/* filenames first */
+		for(a=p->to.autom; a; a=a->link)
+			if(a->type == D_FILE)
+				putsymb(a->asym->name, 'z', a->aoffset, 0);
+			else
+			if(a->type == D_FILE1)
+				putsymb(a->asym->name, 'Z', a->aoffset, 0);
+
+		if(s->type == STEXT)
+			putsymb(s->name, 'T', s->value, s->version);
+		else
+			putsymb(s->name, 'L', s->value, s->version);
+
+		/* frame, auto and param after */
+		putsymb(".frame", 'm', p->to.offset+4, 0);
+		for(a=p->to.autom; a; a=a->link)
+			if(a->type == D_AUTO)
+				putsymb(a->asym->name, 'a', -a->aoffset, 0);
+			else
+			if(a->type == D_PARAM)
+				putsymb(a->asym->name, 'p', a->aoffset, 0);
+	}
+	if(debug['v'] || debug['n'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "symsize = %lud\n", symsize);
+	Bflush(&bso);
+}
+
+void
+putsymb(char *s, int t, long v, int ver)
+{
+	int i, f;
+
+	if(t == 'f')
+		s++;
+	LBEPUT(v);
+	if(ver)
+		t += 'a' - 'A';
+	CPUT(t+0x80);			/* 0x80 is variable length */
+
+	if(t == 'Z' || t == 'z') {
+		CPUT(s[0]);
+		for(i=1; s[i] != 0 || s[i+1] != 0; i += 2) {
+			CPUT(s[i]);
+			CPUT(s[i+1]);
+		}
+		CPUT(0);
+		CPUT(0);
+		i++;
+	}
+	else {
+		for(i=0; s[i]; i++)
+			CPUT(s[i]);
+		CPUT(0);
+	}
+	symsize += 4 + 1 + i + 1;
+
+	if(debug['n']) {
+		if(t == 'z' || t == 'Z') {
+			Bprint(&bso, "%c %.8lux ", t, v);
+			for(i=1; s[i] != 0 || s[i+1] != 0; i+=2) {
+				f = ((s[i]&0xff) << 8) | (s[i+1]&0xff);
+				Bprint(&bso, "/%x", f);
+			}
+			Bprint(&bso, "\n");
+			return;
+		}
+		if(ver)
+			Bprint(&bso, "%c %.8lux %s<%d>\n", t, v, s, ver);
+		else
+			Bprint(&bso, "%c %.8lux %s\n", t, v, s);
+	}
+}
+
+#define	MINLC	4
+void
+asmlc(void)
+{
+	long oldpc, oldlc;
+	Prog *p;
+	long v, s;
+
+	oldpc = INITTEXT;
+	oldlc = 0;
+	for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		if(p->line == oldlc || p->as == ATEXT || p->as == ANOP) {
+			if(p->as == ATEXT)
+				curtext = p;
+			if(debug['L'])
+				Bprint(&bso, "%6lux %P\n",
+					p->pc, p);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if(debug['L'])
+			Bprint(&bso, "\t\t%6ld", lcsize);
+		v = (p->pc - oldpc) / MINLC;
+		while(v) {
+			s = 127;
+			if(v < 127)
+				s = v;
+			CPUT(s+128);	/* 129-255 +pc */
+			if(debug['L'])
+				Bprint(&bso, " pc+%ld*%d(%ld)", s, MINLC, s+128);
+			v -= s;
+			lcsize++;
+		}
+		s = p->line - oldlc;
+		oldlc = p->line;
+		oldpc = p->pc + MINLC;
+		if(s > 64 || s < -64) {
+			CPUT(0);	/* 0 vv +lc */
+			CPUT(s>>24);
+			CPUT(s>>16);
+			CPUT(s>>8);
+			CPUT(s);
+			if(debug['L']) {
+				if(s > 0)
+					Bprint(&bso, " lc+%ld(%d,%ld)\n",
+						s, 0, s);
+				else
+					Bprint(&bso, " lc%ld(%d,%ld)\n",
+						s, 0, s);
+				Bprint(&bso, "%6lux %P\n",
+					p->pc, p);
+			}
+			lcsize += 5;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if(s > 0) {
+			CPUT(0+s);	/* 1-64 +lc */
+			if(debug['L']) {
+				Bprint(&bso, " lc+%ld(%ld)\n", s, 0+s);
+				Bprint(&bso, "%6lux %P\n",
+					p->pc, p);
+			}
+		} else {
+			CPUT(64-s);	/* 65-128 -lc */
+			if(debug['L']) {
+				Bprint(&bso, " lc%ld(%ld)\n", s, 64-s);
+				Bprint(&bso, "%6lux %P\n",
+					p->pc, p);
+			}
+		}
+		lcsize++;
+	}
+	while(lcsize & 1) {
+		s = 129;
+		CPUT(s);
+		lcsize++;
+	}
+	if(debug['v'] || debug['L'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "lcsize = %ld\n", lcsize);
+	Bflush(&bso);
+}
+
+void
+datblk(long s, long n, int str)
+{
+	Prog *p;
+	char *cast;
+	long l, fl, j, d;
+	int i, c;
+
+	memset(buf.dbuf, 0, n+100);
+	for(p = datap; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		curp = p;
+		if(str != (p->from.sym->type == SSTRING))
+			continue;
+		l = p->from.sym->value + p->from.offset - s;
+		c = p->reg;
+		i = 0;
+		if(l < 0) {
+			if(l+c <= 0)
+				continue;
+			while(l < 0) {
+				l++;
+				i++;
+			}
+		}
+		if(l >= n)
+			continue;
+		if(p->as != AINIT && p->as != ADYNT) {
+			for(j=l+(c-i)-1; j>=l; j--)
+				if(buf.dbuf[j]) {
+					print("%P\n", p);
+					diag("multiple initialization");
+					break;
+				}
+		}
+		switch(p->to.type) {
+		default:
+			diag("unknown mode in initialization\n%P", p);
+			break;
+
+		case D_FCONST:
+			switch(c) {
+			default:
+			case 4:
+				fl = ieeedtof(p->to.ieee);
+				cast = (char*)&fl;
+				for(; i<c; i++) {
+					buf.dbuf[l] = cast[fnuxi8[i+4]];
+					l++;
+				}
+				break;
+			case 8:
+				cast = (char*)p->to.ieee;
+				for(; i<c; i++) {
+					buf.dbuf[l] = cast[fnuxi8[i]];
+					l++;
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+			break;
+
+		case D_SCONST:
+			for(; i<c; i++) {
+				buf.dbuf[l] = p->to.sval[i];
+				l++;
+			}
+			break;
+
+		case D_CONST:
+			d = p->to.offset;
+			if(p->to.sym) {
+				switch(p->to.sym->type) {
+				case STEXT:
+				case SLEAF:
+				case SSTRING:
+					d += p->to.sym->value;
+					break;
+				case SDATA:
+				case SBSS:
+					d += p->to.sym->value + INITDAT;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			cast = (char*)&d;
+			switch(c) {
+			default:
+				diag("bad nuxi %d %d\n%P", c, i, curp);
+				break;
+			case 1:
+				for(; i<c; i++) {
+					buf.dbuf[l] = cast[inuxi1[i]];
+					l++;
+				}
+				break;
+			case 2:
+				for(; i<c; i++) {
+					buf.dbuf[l] = cast[inuxi2[i]];
+					l++;
+				}
+				break;
+			case 4:
+				for(; i<c; i++) {
+					buf.dbuf[l] = cast[inuxi4[i]];
+					l++;
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	write(cout, buf.dbuf, n);
+}
+
+#define	OP_RRR(op,r1,r2,r3)\
+	(op|(((r1)&31L)<<16)|(((r2)&31L)<<21)|(((r3)&31L)<<11))
+#define	OP_IRR(op,i,r2,r3)\
+	(op|((i)&0xffffL)|(((r2)&31L)<<21)|(((r3)&31L)<<16))
+#define	OP_SRR(op,s,r2,r3)\
+	(op|(((s)&31L)<<6)|(((r2)&31L)<<16)|(((r3)&31L)<<11))
+#define	OP_FRRR(op,r1,r2,r3)\
+	(op|(((r1)&31L)<<16)|(((r2)&31L)<<11)|(((r3)&31L)<<6))
+#define	OP_JMP(op,i)\
+		((op)|((i)&0x3ffffffL))
+
+#define	OP(x,y)\
+	(((x)<<3)|((y)<<0))
+#define	SP(x,y)\
+	(((x)<<29)|((y)<<26))
+#define	BCOND(x,y)\
+	(((x)<<19)|((y)<<16))
+#define	MMU(x,y)\
+	(SP(2,0)|(16<<21)|((x)<<3)|((y)<<0))
+#define	FPF(x,y)\
+	(SP(2,1)|(16<<21)|((x)<<3)|((y)<<0))
+#define	FPD(x,y)\
+	(SP(2,1)|(17<<21)|((x)<<3)|((y)<<0))
+#define	FPW(x,y)\
+	(SP(2,1)|(20<<21)|((x)<<3)|((y)<<0))
+
+int vshift(int);
+
+int
+asmout(Prog *p, Optab *o, int aflag)
+{
+	long o1, o2, o3, o4, o5, o6, o7, v;
+	Prog *ct;
+	int r, a;
+
+	o1 = 0;
+	o2 = 0;
+	o3 = 0;
+	o4 = 0;
+	o5 = 0;
+	o6 = 0;
+	o7 = 0;
+	switch(o->type) {
+	default:
+		diag("unknown type %d", o->type);
+		if(!debug['a'])
+			prasm(p);
+		break;
+
+	case 0:		/* pseudo ops */
+		if(aflag) {
+			if(p->link) {
+				if(p->as == ATEXT) {
+					ct = curtext;
+					o2 = autosize;
+					curtext = p;
+					autosize = p->to.offset + 4;
+					o1 = asmout(p->link, oplook(p->link), aflag);
+					curtext = ct;
+					autosize = o2;
+				} else
+					o1 = asmout(p->link, oplook(p->link), aflag);
+			}
+			return o1;
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case 1:		/* mov[v] r1,r2 ==> OR r1,r0,r2 */
+		o1 = OP_RRR(oprrr(AOR), p->from.reg, REGZERO, p->to.reg);
+		break;
+
+	case 2:		/* add/sub r1,[r2],r3 */
+		r = p->reg;
+		if(r == NREG)
+			r = p->to.reg;
+		o1 = OP_RRR(oprrr(p->as), p->from.reg, r, p->to.reg);
+		break;
+
+	case 3:		/* mov $soreg, r ==> or/add $i,o,r */
+		v = regoff(&p->from);
+		r = p->from.reg;
+		if(r == NREG)
+			r = o->param;
+		a = AADDU;
+		if(o->a1 == C_ANDCON)
+			a = AOR;
+		o1 = OP_IRR(opirr(a), v, r, p->to.reg);
+		break;
+
+	case 4:		/* add $scon,[r1],r2 */
+		v = regoff(&p->from);
+		r = p->reg;
+		if(r == NREG)
+			r = p->to.reg;
+		o1 = OP_IRR(opirr(p->as), v, r, p->to.reg);
+		break;
+
+	case 5:		/* syscall */
+		if(aflag)
+			return 0;
+		o1 = oprrr(p->as);
+		break;
+
+	case 6:		/* beq r1,[r2],sbra */
+		if(aflag)
+			return 0;
+		if(p->cond == P)
+			v = -4 >> 2;
+		else
+			v = (p->cond->pc - pc-4) >> 2;
+		if(((v << 16) >> 16) != v)
+			diag("short branch too far: %ld\n%P", v, p);
+		o1 = OP_IRR(opirr(p->as), v, p->from.reg, p->reg);
+		break;
+
+	case 7:		/* mov r, soreg ==> sw o(r) */
+		r = p->to.reg;
+		if(r == NREG)
+			r = o->param;
+		v = regoff(&p->to);
+		o1 = OP_IRR(opirr(p->as), v, r, p->from.reg);
+		break;
+
+	case 8:		/* mov soreg, r ==> lw o(r) */
+		r = p->from.reg;
+		if(r == NREG)
+			r = o->param;
+		v = regoff(&p->from);
+		o1 = OP_IRR(opirr(p->as+ALAST), v, r, p->to.reg);
+		break;
+
+	case 9:		/* asl r1,[r2],r3 */
+		r = p->reg;
+		if(r == NREG)
+			r = p->to.reg;
+		o1 = OP_RRR(oprrr(p->as), r, p->from.reg, p->to.reg);
+		break;
+
+	case 10:	/* add $con,[r1],r2 ==> mov $con,t; add t,[r1],r2 */
+		v = regoff(&p->from);
+		r = AOR;
+		if(v < 0)
+			r = AADDU;
+		o1 = OP_IRR(opirr(r), v, 0, REGTMP);
+		r = p->reg;
+		if(r == NREG)
+			r = p->to.reg;
+		o2 = OP_RRR(oprrr(p->as), REGTMP, r, p->to.reg);
+		break;
+
+	case 11:	/* jmp lbra */
+		if(aflag)
+			return 0;
+		if(p->cond == P)
+			v = p->pc >> 2;
+		else
+			v = p->cond->pc >> 2;
+		o1 = OP_JMP(opirr(p->as), v);
+		if(!debug['Y'] && p->link && p->cond && isnop(p->link)) {
+			nop.branch.count--;
+			nop.branch.outof--;
+			nop.jump.outof++;
+			o2 = asmout(p->cond, oplook(p->cond), 1);
+			if(o2) {
+				o1 += 1;
+				if(debug['a'])
+					Bprint(&bso, " %.8lux: %.8lux %.8lux%P\n",
+						p->pc, o1, o2, p);
+				LPUT(o1);
+				LPUT(o2);
+				return 1;
+			}
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case 12:	/* movbs r,r */
+		v = 16;
+		if(p->as == AMOVB)
+			v = 24;
+		o1 = OP_SRR(opirr(ASLL), v, p->from.reg, p->to.reg);
+		o2 = OP_SRR(opirr(ASRA), v, p->to.reg, p->to.reg);
+		break;
+
+	case 13:	/* movbu r,r */
+		if(p->as == AMOVBU)
+			o1 = OP_IRR(opirr(AAND), 0xffL, p->from.reg, p->to.reg);
+		else
+			o1 = OP_IRR(opirr(AAND), 0xffffL, p->from.reg, p->to.reg);
+		break;
+
+	case 16:	/* sll $c,[r1],r2 */
+		v = regoff(&p->from);
+		r = p->reg;
+		if(r == NREG)
+			r = p->to.reg;
+
+		/* OP_SRR will use only the low 5 bits of the shift value */
+		if(v >= 32 && vshift(p->as))
+			o1 = OP_SRR(opirr(p->as+ALAST), v-32, r, p->to.reg);
+		else 
+			o1 = OP_SRR(opirr(p->as), v, r, p->to.reg);
+		break;
+
+	case 18:	/* jmp [r1],0(r2) */
+		if(aflag)
+			return 0;
+		r = p->reg;
+		if(r == NREG)
+			r = o->param;
+		o1 = OP_RRR(oprrr(p->as), 0, p->to.reg, r);
+		break;
+
+	case 19:	/* mov $lcon,r ==> lu+or */
+		v = regoff(&p->from);
+		o1 = OP_IRR(opirr(ALAST), v>>16, REGZERO, p->to.reg);
+		o2 = OP_IRR(opirr(AOR), v, p->to.reg, p->to.reg);
+		break;
+
+	case 20:	/* mov lohi,r */
+		r = OP(2,0);		/* mfhi */
+		if(p->from.type == D_LO)
+			r = OP(2,2);	/* mflo */
+		o1 = OP_RRR(r, REGZERO, REGZERO, p->to.reg);
+		break;
+
+	case 21:	/* mov r,lohi */
+		r = OP(2,1);		/* mthi */
+		if(p->to.type == D_LO)
+			r = OP(2,3);	/* mtlo */
+		o1 = OP_RRR(r, REGZERO, p->from.reg, REGZERO);
+		break;
+
+	case 22:	/* mul r1,r2 */
+		o1 = OP_RRR(oprrr(p->as), p->from.reg, p->reg, REGZERO);
+		break;
+
+	case 23:	/* add $lcon,r1,r2 ==> lu+or+add */
+		v = regoff(&p->from);
+		if(p->to.reg == REGTMP || p->reg == REGTMP)
+			diag("cant synthesize large constant\n%P", p);
+		o1 = OP_IRR(opirr(ALAST), v>>16, REGZERO, REGTMP);
+		o2 = OP_IRR(opirr(AOR), v, REGTMP, REGTMP);
+		r = p->reg;
+		if(r == NREG)
+			r = p->to.reg;
+		o3 = OP_RRR(oprrr(p->as), REGTMP, r, p->to.reg);
+		break;
+
+	case 24:	/* mov $ucon,,r ==> lu r */
+		v = regoff(&p->from);
+		o1 = OP_IRR(opirr(ALAST), v>>16, REGZERO, p->to.reg);
+		break;
+
+	case 25:	/* add/and $ucon,[r1],r2 ==> lu $con,t; add t,[r1],r2 */
+		v = regoff(&p->from);
+		o1 = OP_IRR(opirr(ALAST), v>>16, REGZERO, REGTMP);
+		r = p->reg;
+		if(r == NREG)
+			r = p->to.reg;
+		o2 = OP_RRR(oprrr(p->as), REGTMP, r, p->to.reg);
+		break;
+
+	case 26:	/* mov $lsext/auto/oreg,,r2 ==> lu+or+add */
+		v = regoff(&p->from);
+		if(p->to.reg == REGTMP)
+			diag("cant synthesize large constant\n%P", p);
+		o1 = OP_IRR(opirr(ALAST), v>>16, REGZERO, REGTMP);
+		o2 = OP_IRR(opirr(AOR), v, REGTMP, REGTMP);
+		r = p->from.reg;
+		if(r == NREG)
+			r = o->param;
+		o3 = OP_RRR(oprrr(AADDU), REGTMP, r, p->to.reg);
+		break;
+
+	case 27:		/* mov [sl]ext/auto/oreg,fr ==> lwc1 o(r) */
+		r = p->from.reg;
+		if(r == NREG)
+			r = o->param;
+		v = regoff(&p->from);
+		switch(o->size) {
+		case 20:
+			o1 = OP_IRR(opirr(ALAST), v>>16, REGZERO, REGTMP);
+			o2 = OP_IRR(opirr(AOR), v, REGTMP, REGTMP);
+			o3 = OP_RRR(oprrr(AADDU), r, REGTMP, REGTMP);
+			o4 = OP_IRR(opirr(AMOVF+ALAST), 0, REGTMP, p->to.reg+1);
+			o5 = OP_IRR(opirr(AMOVF+ALAST), 4, REGTMP, p->to.reg);
+			break;
+		case 16:
+			o1 = OP_IRR(opirr(ALAST), v>>16, REGZERO, REGTMP);
+			o2 = OP_IRR(opirr(AOR), v, REGTMP, REGTMP);
+			o3 = OP_RRR(oprrr(AADDU), r, REGTMP, REGTMP);
+			o4 = OP_IRR(opirr(AMOVF+ALAST), 0, REGTMP, p->to.reg);
+			break;
+		case 8:
+			o1 = OP_IRR(opirr(AMOVF+ALAST), v, r, p->to.reg+1);
+			o2 = OP_IRR(opirr(AMOVF+ALAST), v+4, r, p->to.reg);
+			break;
+		case 4:
+			o1 = OP_IRR(opirr(AMOVF+ALAST), v, r, p->to.reg);
+			break;
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case 28:		/* mov fr,[sl]ext/auto/oreg ==> swc1 o(r) */
+		r = p->to.reg;
+		if(r == NREG)
+			r = o->param;
+		v = regoff(&p->to);
+		switch(o->size) {
+		case 20:
+			if(r == REGTMP)
+				diag("cant synthesize large constant\n%P", p);
+			o1 = OP_IRR(opirr(ALAST), v>>16, REGZERO, REGTMP);
+			o2 = OP_IRR(opirr(AOR), v, REGTMP, REGTMP);
+			o3 = OP_RRR(oprrr(AADDU), r, REGTMP, REGTMP);
+			o4 = OP_IRR(opirr(AMOVF), 0, REGTMP, p->from.reg+1);
+			o5 = OP_IRR(opirr(AMOVF), 4, REGTMP, p->from.reg);
+			break;
+		case 16:
+			if(r == REGTMP)
+				diag("cant synthesize large constant\n%P", p);
+			o1 = OP_IRR(opirr(ALAST), v>>16, REGZERO, REGTMP);
+			o2 = OP_IRR(opirr(AOR), v, REGTMP, REGTMP);
+			o3 = OP_RRR(oprrr(AADDU), r, REGTMP, REGTMP);
+			o4 = OP_IRR(opirr(AMOVF), 0, REGTMP, p->from.reg);
+			break;
+		case 8:
+			o1 = OP_IRR(opirr(AMOVF), v, r, p->from.reg+1);
+			o2 = OP_IRR(opirr(AMOVF), v+4, r, p->from.reg);
+			break;
+		case 4:
+			o1 = OP_IRR(opirr(AMOVF), v, r, p->from.reg);
+			break;
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case 30:	/* movw r,fr */
+		r = SP(2,1)|(4<<21);		/* mtc1 */
+		o1 = OP_RRR(r, p->from.reg, 0, p->to.reg);
+		break;
+
+	case 31:	/* movw fr,r */
+		r = SP(2,1)|(0<<21);		/* mfc1 */
+		o1 = OP_RRR(r, p->to.reg, 0, p->from.reg);
+		break;
+
+	case 32:	/* fadd fr1,[fr2],fr3 */
+		r = p->reg;
+		if(r == NREG)
+			o1 = OP_FRRR(oprrr(p->as), p->from.reg, p->to.reg, p->to.reg);
+		else
+			o1 = OP_FRRR(oprrr(p->as), p->from.reg, r, p->to.reg);
+		break;
+
+	case 33:	/* fabs fr1,fr3 */
+		o1 = OP_FRRR(oprrr(p->as), 0, p->from.reg, p->to.reg);
+		break;
+
+	case 34:	/* mov $con,fr ==> or/add $i,r,r2 */
+		v = regoff(&p->from);
+		r = AADDU;
+		if(o->a1 == C_ANDCON)
+			r = AOR;
+		o1 = OP_IRR(opirr(r), v, 0, REGTMP);
+		o2 = OP_RRR(SP(2,1)|(4<<21), REGTMP, 0, p->to.reg);	/* mtc1 */
+		break;
+
+	case 35:	/* mov r,lext/luto/oreg ==> sw o(r) */
+		/*
+		 * the lowbits of the constant cannot
+		 * be moved into the offset of the load
+		 * because the mips 4000 in 64-bit mode
+		 * does a 64-bit add and it will screw up.
+		 */
+		v = regoff(&p->to);
+		r = p->to.reg;
+		if(r == NREG)
+			r = o->param;
+		if(r == REGTMP)
+			diag("cant synthesize large constant\n%P", p);
+		o1 = OP_IRR(opirr(ALAST), v>>16, REGZERO, REGTMP);
+		o2 = OP_IRR(opirr(AOR), v, REGTMP, REGTMP);
+		o3 = OP_RRR(oprrr(AADDU), r, REGTMP, REGTMP);
+		o4 = OP_IRR(opirr(p->as), 0, REGTMP, p->from.reg);
+		break;
+
+	case 36:	/* mov lext/lauto/lreg,r ==> lw o(r30) */
+		v = regoff(&p->from);
+		r = p->from.reg;
+		if(r == NREG)
+			r = o->param;
+		if(r == REGTMP)
+			diag("cant synthesize large constant\n%P", p);
+		o1 = OP_IRR(opirr(ALAST), v>>16, REGZERO, REGTMP);
+		o2 = OP_IRR(opirr(AOR), v, REGTMP, REGTMP);
+		o3 = OP_RRR(oprrr(AADDU), r, REGTMP, REGTMP);
+		o4 = OP_IRR(opirr(p->as+ALAST), 0, REGTMP, p->to.reg);
+		break;
+
+	case 37:	/* movw r,mr */
+		r = SP(2,0)|(4<<21);		/* mtc0 */
+		if(p->as == AMOVV)
+			r = SP(2,0)|(5<<21);	/* dmtc0 */
+		o1 = OP_RRR(r, p->from.reg, 0, p->to.reg);
+		break;
+
+	case 38:	/* movw mr,r */
+		r = SP(2,0)|(0<<21);		/* mfc0 */
+		if(p->as == AMOVV)
+			r = SP(2,0)|(1<<21);	/* dmfc0 */
+		o1 = OP_RRR(r, p->to.reg, 0, p->from.reg);
+		break;
+
+	case 39:	/* rfe ==> jmp+rfe */
+		if(aflag)
+			return 0;
+		o1 = OP_RRR(oprrr(AJMP), 0, p->to.reg, REGZERO);
+		o2 = oprrr(p->as);
+		break;
+
+	case 40:	/* word */
+		if(aflag)
+			return 0;
+		o1 = regoff(&p->to);
+		break;
+
+	case 41:	/* movw r,fcr */
+		o1 = OP_RRR(SP(2,1)|(2<<21), REGZERO, 0, p->to.reg); 	/* mfcc1 */
+		o2 = OP_RRR(SP(2,1)|(6<<21), p->from.reg, 0, p->to.reg);/* mtcc1 */
+		break;
+
+	case 42:	/* movw fcr,r */
+		o1 = OP_RRR(SP(2,1)|(2<<21), p->to.reg, 0, p->from.reg);/* mfcc1 */
+		break;
+
+	case 45:	/* case r */
+		if(p->link == P)
+			v = p->pc+28;
+		else
+			v = p->link->pc;
+		if(v & (1<<15))
+			o1 = OP_IRR(opirr(ALAST), (v>>16)+1, REGZERO, REGTMP);
+		else
+			o1 = OP_IRR(opirr(ALAST), v>>16, REGZERO, REGTMP);
+		o2 = OP_SRR(opirr(ASLL), 2, p->from.reg, p->from.reg);
+		o3 = OP_RRR(oprrr(AADD), p->from.reg, REGTMP, REGTMP);
+		o4 = OP_IRR(opirr(AMOVW+ALAST), v, REGTMP, REGTMP);
+		o5 = OP_RRR(oprrr(ANOR), REGZERO, REGZERO, REGZERO);
+		o6 = OP_RRR(oprrr(AJMP), 0, REGTMP, REGZERO);
+		o7 = OP_RRR(oprrr(ANOR), REGZERO, REGZERO, REGZERO);
+		break;
+
+	case 46:	/* bcase $con,lbra */
+		if(p->cond == P)
+			v = p->pc;
+		else
+			v = p->cond->pc;
+		o1 = v;
+		break;
+	}
+	if(aflag)
+		return o1;
+	v = p->pc;
+	switch(o->size) {
+	default:
+		if(debug['a'])
+			Bprint(&bso, " %.8lux:\t\t%P\n", v, p);
+		break;
+	case 4:
+		if(debug['a'])
+			Bprint(&bso, " %.8lux: %.8lux\t%P\n", v, o1, p);
+		LPUT(o1);
+		break;
+	case 8:
+		if(debug['a'])
+			Bprint(&bso, " %.8lux: %.8lux %.8lux%P\n", v, o1, o2, p);
+		LPUT(o1);
+		LPUT(o2);
+		break;
+	case 12:
+		if(debug['a'])
+			Bprint(&bso, " %.8lux: %.8lux %.8lux %.8lux%P\n", v, o1, o2, o3, p);
+		LPUT(o1);
+		LPUT(o2);
+		LPUT(o3);
+		break;
+	case 16:
+		if(debug['a'])
+			Bprint(&bso, " %.8lux: %.8lux %.8lux %.8lux %.8lux%P\n",
+				v, o1, o2, o3, o4, p);
+		LPUT(o1);
+		LPUT(o2);
+		LPUT(o3);
+		LPUT(o4);
+		break;
+	case 20:
+		if(debug['a'])
+			Bprint(&bso, " %.8lux: %.8lux %.8lux %.8lux %.8lux %.8lux%P\n",
+				v, o1, o2, o3, o4, o5, p);
+		LPUT(o1);
+		LPUT(o2);
+		LPUT(o3);
+		LPUT(o4);
+		LPUT(o5);
+		break;
+
+	case 28:
+		if(debug['a'])
+			Bprint(&bso, " %.8lux: %.8lux %.8lux %.8lux %.8lux %.8lux %.8lux %.8lux%P\n",
+				v, o1, o2, o3, o4, o5, o6, o7, p);
+		LPUT(o1);
+		LPUT(o2);
+		LPUT(o3);
+		LPUT(o4);
+		LPUT(o5);
+		LPUT(o6);
+		LPUT(o7);
+		break;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int
+isnop(Prog *p)
+{
+	if(p->as != ANOR)
+		return 0;
+	if(p->reg != REGZERO && p->reg != NREG)
+		return 0;
+	if(p->from.type != D_REG || p->from.reg != REGZERO)
+		return 0;
+	if(p->to.type != D_REG || p->to.reg != REGZERO)
+		return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+long
+oprrr(int a)
+{
+	switch(a) {
+	case AADD:	return OP(4,0);
+	case AADDU:	return OP(4,1);
+	case ASGT:	return OP(5,2);
+	case ASGTU:	return OP(5,3);
+	case AAND:	return OP(4,4);
+	case AOR:	return OP(4,5);
+	case AXOR:	return OP(4,6);
+	case ASUB:	return OP(4,2);
+	case ASUBU:	return OP(4,3);
+	case ANOR:	return OP(4,7);
+	case ASLL:	return OP(0,4);
+	case ASRL:	return OP(0,6);
+	case ASRA:	return OP(0,7);
+
+	case AREM:
+	case ADIV:	return OP(3,2);
+	case AREMU:
+	case ADIVU:	return OP(3,3);
+	case AMUL:	return OP(3,0);
+	case AMULU:	return OP(3,1);
+
+	case AJMP:	return OP(1,0);
+	case AJAL:	return OP(1,1);
+
+	case ABREAK:	return OP(1,5);
+	case ASYSCALL:	return OP(1,4);
+	case ATLBP:	return MMU(1,0);
+	case ATLBR:	return MMU(0,1);
+	case ATLBWI:	return MMU(0,2);
+	case ATLBWR:	return MMU(0,6);
+	case ARFE:	return MMU(2,0);
+
+	case ADIVF:	return FPF(0,3);
+	case ADIVD:	return FPD(0,3);
+	case AMULF:	return FPF(0,2);
+	case AMULD:	return FPD(0,2);
+	case ASUBF:	return FPF(0,1);
+	case ASUBD:	return FPD(0,1);
+	case AADDF:	return FPF(0,0);
+	case AADDD:	return FPD(0,0);
+
+	case AMOVFW:	return FPF(4,4);
+	case AMOVDW:	return FPD(4,4);
+	case AMOVWF:	return FPW(4,0);
+	case AMOVDF:	return FPD(4,0);
+	case AMOVWD:	return FPW(4,1);
+	case AMOVFD:	return FPF(4,1);
+	case AABSF:	return FPF(0,5);
+	case AABSD:	return FPD(0,5);
+	case AMOVF:	return FPF(0,6);
+	case AMOVD:	return FPD(0,6);
+	case ANEGF:	return FPF(0,7);
+	case ANEGD:	return FPD(0,7);
+
+	case ACMPEQF:	return FPF(6,2);
+	case ACMPEQD:	return FPD(6,2);
+	case ACMPGTF:	return FPF(7,4);
+	case ACMPGTD:	return FPD(7,4);
+	case ACMPGEF:	return FPF(7,6);
+	case ACMPGED:	return FPD(7,6);
+
+	case ADIVV:	return OP(3,6);
+	case ADIVVU:	return OP(3,7);
+	case AADDV:	return OP(5,4);
+	case AADDVU:	return OP(5,5);
+	}
+	diag("bad rrr %d", a);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+long
+opirr(int a)
+{
+	switch(a) {
+	case AADD:	return SP(1,0);
+	case AADDU:	return SP(1,1);
+	case ASGT:	return SP(1,2);
+	case ASGTU:	return SP(1,3);
+	case AAND:	return SP(1,4);
+	case AOR:	return SP(1,5);
+	case AXOR:	return SP(1,6);
+	case ALAST:	return SP(1,7);
+	case ASLL:	return OP(0,0);
+	case ASRL:	return OP(0,2);
+	case ASRA:	return OP(0,3);
+
+	case AJMP:	return SP(0,2);
+	case AJAL:	return SP(0,3);
+	case ABEQ:	return SP(0,4);
+	case ABNE:	return SP(0,5);
+
+	case ABGEZ:	return SP(0,1)|BCOND(0,1);
+	case ABGEZAL:	return SP(0,1)|BCOND(2,1);
+	case ABGTZ:	return SP(0,7);
+	case ABLEZ:	return SP(0,6);
+	case ABLTZ:	return SP(0,1)|BCOND(0,0);
+	case ABLTZAL:	return SP(0,1)|BCOND(2,0);
+
+	case ABFPT:	return SP(2,1)|(257<<16);
+	case ABFPF:	return SP(2,1)|(256<<16);
+
+	case AMOVB:
+	case AMOVBU:	return SP(5,0);
+	case AMOVH:
+	case AMOVHU:	return SP(5,1);
+	case AMOVW:	return SP(5,3);
+	case AMOVV:	return SP(7,7);
+	case AMOVF:	return SP(7,1);
+	case AMOVWL:	return SP(5,2);
+	case AMOVWR:	return SP(5,6);
+	case AMOVVL:	return SP(5,4);
+	case AMOVVR:	return SP(5,5);
+
+	case ABREAK:	return SP(5,7);
+
+	case AMOVWL+ALAST:	return SP(4,2);
+	case AMOVWR+ALAST:	return SP(4,6);
+	case AMOVVL+ALAST:	return SP(3,2);
+	case AMOVVR+ALAST:	return SP(3,3);
+	case AMOVB+ALAST:	return SP(4,0);
+	case AMOVBU+ALAST:	return SP(4,4);
+	case AMOVH+ALAST:	return SP(4,1);
+	case AMOVHU+ALAST:	return SP(4,5);
+	case AMOVW+ALAST:	return SP(4,3);
+	case AMOVV+ALAST:	return SP(6,7);
+	case AMOVF+ALAST:	return SP(6,1);
+
+	case ASLLV:		return OP(7,0);
+	case ASRLV:		return OP(7,2);
+	case ASRAV:		return OP(7,3);
+	case ASLLV+ALAST:	return OP(7,4);
+	case ASRLV+ALAST:	return OP(7,6);
+	case ASRAV+ALAST:	return OP(7,7);
+
+	case AADDV:		return SP(3,0);
+	case AADDVU:		return SP(3,1);
+	}
+	diag("bad irr %d", a);
+abort();
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int
+vshift(int a)
+{
+	switch(a){
+	case ASLLV:		return 1;
+	case ASRLV:		return 1;
+	case ASRAV:		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/vl/compat.c b/sys/src/cmd/vl/compat.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..993229273
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/vl/compat.c
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#include	"l.h"
+
+/*
+ * fake malloc
+ */
+void*
+malloc(ulong n)
+{
+	void *p;
+
+	while(n & 7)
+		n++;
+	while(nhunk < n)
+		gethunk();
+	p = hunk;
+	nhunk -= n;
+	hunk += n;
+	return p;
+}
+
+void
+free(void *p)
+{
+	USED(p);
+}
+
+void*
+calloc(ulong m, ulong n)
+{
+	void *p;
+
+	n *= m;
+	p = malloc(n);
+	memset(p, 0, n);
+	return p;
+}
+
+void*
+realloc(void*, ulong)
+{
+	fprint(2, "realloc called\n");
+	abort();
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void*
+mysbrk(ulong size)
+{
+	return sbrk(size);
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/vl/l.h b/sys/src/cmd/vl/l.h
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e8c6577b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/vl/l.h
@@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
+#include	<u.h>
+#include	<libc.h>
+#include	<bio.h>
+#include	"../vc/v.out.h"
+
+#ifndef	EXTERN
+#define	EXTERN	extern
+#endif
+
+typedef	struct	Adr	Adr;
+typedef	struct	Sym	Sym;
+typedef	struct	Autom	Auto;
+typedef	struct	Prog	Prog;
+typedef	struct	Optab	Optab;
+typedef	struct	Oprang	Oprang;
+typedef	uchar	Opcross[32][2][32];
+typedef	struct	Count	Count;
+
+#define	P		((Prog*)0)
+#define	S		((Sym*)0)
+#define	TNAME		(curtext&&curtext->from.sym?curtext->from.sym->name:noname)
+
+struct	Adr
+{
+	union
+	{
+		long	u0offset;
+		char*	u0sval;
+		Ieee*	u0ieee;
+	} u0;
+	union
+	{
+		Auto*	u1autom;
+		Sym*	u1sym;
+	} u1;
+	char	type;
+	char	reg;
+	char	name;
+	char	class;
+};
+
+#define	offset	u0.u0offset
+#define	sval	u0.u0sval
+#define	ieee	u0.u0ieee
+
+#define	autom	u1.u1autom
+#define	sym	u1.u1sym
+
+struct	Prog
+{
+	Adr	from;
+	Adr	to;
+	union
+	{
+		long	u0regused;
+		Prog*	u0forwd;
+	} u0;
+	Prog*	cond;
+	Prog*	link;
+	long	pc;
+	long	line;
+	uchar	mark;
+	uchar	optab;
+	char	as;
+	char	reg;
+};
+#define	regused	u0.u0regused
+#define	forwd	u0.u0forwd
+
+struct	Sym
+{
+	char	*name;
+	short	type;
+	short	version;
+	short	become;
+	short	frame;
+	long	value;
+	Sym*	link;
+};
+struct	Autom
+{
+	Sym*	asym;
+	Auto*	link;
+	long	aoffset;
+	short	type;
+};
+struct	Optab
+{
+	char	as;
+	char	a1;
+	char	a2;
+	char	a3;
+	char	type;
+	char	size;
+	char	param;
+};
+struct	Oprang
+{
+	Optab*	start;
+	Optab*	stop;
+};
+struct	Count
+{
+	long	count;
+	long	outof;
+};
+
+enum
+{
+	STEXT		= 1,
+	SDATA,
+	SBSS,
+	SDATA1,
+	SXREF,
+	SLEAF,
+	SFILE,
+	SCONST,
+	SSTRING,
+
+	C_NONE		= 0,
+	C_REG,
+	C_FREG,
+	C_FCREG,
+	C_MREG,
+	C_HI,
+	C_LO,
+	C_ZCON,
+	C_SCON,
+	C_ADD0CON,
+	C_AND0CON,
+	C_ADDCON,
+	C_ANDCON,
+	C_UCON,
+	C_LCON,
+	C_SACON,
+	C_SECON,
+	C_LACON,
+	C_LECON,
+	C_SBRA,
+	C_LBRA,
+	C_SAUTO,
+	C_SEXT,
+	C_LAUTO,
+	C_LEXT,
+	C_ZOREG,
+	C_SOREG,
+	C_LOREG,
+	C_GOK,
+
+	NSCHED		= 20,
+
+/* mark flags */
+	FOLL		= 1<<0,
+	LABEL		= 1<<1,
+	LEAF		= 1<<2,
+	SYNC		= 1<<3,
+	BRANCH		= 1<<4,
+	LOAD		= 1<<5,
+	FCMP		= 1<<6,
+	NOSCHED		= 1<<7,
+
+	BIG		= 32766,
+	STRINGSZ	= 200,
+	NHASH		= 10007,
+	NHUNK		= 100000,
+	MINSIZ		= 64,
+	NENT		= 100,
+	MAXIO		= 8192,
+	MAXHIST		= 20,				/* limit of path elements for history symbols */
+};
+
+EXTERN union
+{
+	struct
+	{
+		uchar	obuf[MAXIO];			/* output buffer */
+		uchar	ibuf[MAXIO];			/* input buffer */
+	} u;
+	char	dbuf[1];
+} buf;
+
+#define	cbuf	u.obuf
+#define	xbuf	u.ibuf
+
+EXTERN	long	HEADR;			/* length of header */
+EXTERN	int	HEADTYPE;		/* type of header */
+EXTERN	long	INITDAT;		/* data location */
+EXTERN	long	INITRND;		/* data round above text location */
+EXTERN	long	INITTEXT;		/* text location */
+EXTERN	char*	INITENTRY;		/* entry point */
+EXTERN	long	autosize;
+EXTERN	Biobuf	bso;
+EXTERN	long	bsssize;
+EXTERN	int	cbc;
+EXTERN	uchar*	cbp;
+EXTERN	int	cout;
+EXTERN	Auto*	curauto;
+EXTERN	Auto*	curhist;
+EXTERN	Prog*	curp;
+EXTERN	Prog*	curtext;
+EXTERN	Prog*	datap;
+EXTERN	long	datsize;
+EXTERN	char	debug[128];
+EXTERN	Prog*	etextp;
+EXTERN	Prog*	firstp;
+EXTERN	char	fnuxi4[4];	/* for 3l [sic] */
+EXTERN	char	fnuxi8[8];
+EXTERN	char*	noname;
+EXTERN	Sym*	hash[NHASH];
+EXTERN	Sym*	histfrog[MAXHIST];
+EXTERN	int	histfrogp;
+EXTERN	int	histgen;
+EXTERN	char*	library[50];
+EXTERN	char*	libraryobj[50];
+EXTERN	int	libraryp;
+EXTERN	int	xrefresolv;
+EXTERN	char*	hunk;
+EXTERN	char	inuxi1[1];
+EXTERN	char	inuxi2[2];
+EXTERN	char	inuxi4[4];
+EXTERN	Prog*	lastp;
+EXTERN	long	lcsize;
+EXTERN	char	literal[32];
+EXTERN	int	nerrors;
+EXTERN	long	nhunk;
+EXTERN	long	instoffset;
+EXTERN	Opcross	opcross[10];
+EXTERN	Oprang	oprange[ALAST];
+EXTERN	char*	outfile;
+EXTERN	long	pc;
+EXTERN	uchar	repop[ALAST];
+EXTERN	long	symsize;
+EXTERN	Prog*	textp;
+EXTERN	long	textsize;
+EXTERN	long	thunk;
+EXTERN	int	version;
+EXTERN	char	xcmp[32][32];
+EXTERN	Prog	zprg;
+EXTERN	int	dtype;
+EXTERN	int	little;
+
+EXTERN	struct
+{
+	Count	branch;
+	Count	fcmp;
+	Count	load;
+	Count	mfrom;
+	Count	page;
+	Count	jump;
+} nop;
+
+extern	char*	anames[];
+extern	Optab	optab[];
+
+#pragma	varargck	type	"A"	int
+#pragma	varargck	type	"D"	Adr*
+#pragma	varargck	type	"N"	Adr*
+#pragma	varargck	type	"P"	Prog*
+#pragma	varargck	type	"S"	char*
+
+#pragma	varargck	argpos	diag 1
+
+int	Aconv(Fmt*);
+int	Dconv(Fmt*);
+int	Nconv(Fmt*);
+int	Pconv(Fmt*);
+int	Sconv(Fmt*);
+int	aclass(Adr*);
+void	addhist(long, int);
+void	addnop(Prog*);
+void	append(Prog*, Prog*);
+void	asmb(void);
+void	asmlc(void);
+int	asmout(Prog*, Optab*, int);
+void	asmsym(void);
+long	atolwhex(char*);
+Prog*	brloop(Prog*);
+void	buildop(void);
+void	buildrep(int, int);
+void	cflush(void);
+int	cmp(int, int);
+int	compound(Prog*);
+double	cputime(void);
+void	datblk(long, long, int);
+void	diag(char*, ...);
+void	dodata(void);
+void	doprof1(void);
+void	doprof2(void);
+long	entryvalue(void);
+void	errorexit(void);
+void	exchange(Prog*);
+int	find1(long, int);
+void	follow(void);
+void	gethunk(void);
+void	histtoauto(void);
+double	ieeedtod(Ieee*);
+long	ieeedtof(Ieee*);
+int	isnop(Prog*);
+void	ldobj(int, long, char*);
+void	loadlib(void);
+void	listinit(void);
+Sym*	lookup(char*, int);
+void	lput(long);
+void	bput(long);
+void	mkfwd(void);
+void*	mysbrk(ulong);
+void	names(void);
+void	nocache(Prog*);
+void	noops(void);
+void	nuxiinit(void);
+void	objfile(char*);
+int	ocmp(const void*, const void*);
+long	opirr(int);
+Optab*	oplook(Prog*);
+long	oprrr(int);
+void	patch(void);
+void	prasm(Prog*);
+void	prepend(Prog*, Prog*);
+Prog*	prg(void);
+int	pseudo(Prog*);
+void	putsymb(char*, int, long, int);
+long	regoff(Adr*);
+int	relinv(int);
+long	rnd(long, long);
+void	sched(Prog*, Prog*);
+void	span(void);
+void	strnput(char*, int);
+void	undef(void);
+void	xdefine(char*, int, long);
+void	xfol(Prog*);
+void	xfol(Prog*);
+void	nopstat(char*, Count*);
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/vl/list.c b/sys/src/cmd/vl/list.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9261bc8e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/vl/list.c
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+#include "l.h"
+
+void
+listinit(void)
+{
+
+	fmtinstall('A', Aconv);
+	fmtinstall('D', Dconv);
+	fmtinstall('P', Pconv);
+	fmtinstall('S', Sconv);
+	fmtinstall('N', Nconv);
+}
+
+void
+prasm(Prog *p)
+{
+	print("%P\n", p);
+}
+
+int
+Pconv(Fmt *fp)
+{
+	char str[STRINGSZ], *s;
+	Prog *p;
+	int a;
+
+	p = va_arg(fp->args, Prog*);
+	curp = p;
+	a = p->as;
+	if(a == ADATA || a == ADYNT || a == AINIT)
+		sprint(str, "(%ld)	%A	%D/%d,%D",
+			p->line, a, &p->from, p->reg, &p->to);
+	else{
+		s = str;
+		s += sprint(s, "(%ld)", p->line);
+		if(p->mark & NOSCHED)
+			s += sprint(s, "*");
+		if(p->reg == NREG)
+			sprint(s, "	%A	%D,%D",
+				a, &p->from, &p->to);
+		else
+		if(p->from.type != D_FREG)
+			sprint(s, "	%A	%D,R%d,%D",
+				a, &p->from, p->reg, &p->to);
+		else
+			sprint(s, "	%A	%D,F%d,%D",
+				a, &p->from, p->reg, &p->to);
+	}
+	return fmtstrcpy(fp, str);
+}
+
+int
+Aconv(Fmt *fp)
+{
+	char *s;
+	int a;
+
+	a = va_arg(fp->args, int);
+	s = "???";
+	if(a >= AXXX && a < ALAST)
+		s = anames[a];
+	return fmtstrcpy(fp, s);
+}
+
+int
+Dconv(Fmt *fp)
+{
+	char str[STRINGSZ];
+	Adr *a;
+	long v;
+
+	a = va_arg(fp->args, Adr*);
+	switch(a->type) {
+
+	default:
+		sprint(str, "GOK-type(%d)", a->type);
+		break;
+
+	case D_NONE:
+		str[0] = 0;
+		if(a->name != D_NONE || a->reg != NREG || a->sym != S)
+			sprint(str, "%N(R%d)(NONE)", a, a->reg);
+		break;
+
+	case D_CONST:
+		sprint(str, "$%N", a);
+		if(a->reg != NREG)
+			sprint(str, "%N(R%d)(CONST)", a, a->reg);
+		break;
+
+	case D_OCONST:
+		sprint(str, "$*$%N", a);
+		if(a->reg != NREG)
+			sprint(str, "%N(R%d)(CONST)", a, a->reg);
+		break;
+
+	case D_OREG:
+		if(a->reg != NREG)
+			sprint(str, "%N(R%d)", a, a->reg);
+		else
+			sprint(str, "%N", a);
+		break;
+
+	case D_REG:
+		sprint(str, "R%d", a->reg);
+		if(a->name != D_NONE || a->sym != S)
+			sprint(str, "%N(R%d)(REG)", a, a->reg);
+		break;
+
+	case D_MREG:
+		sprint(str, "M%d", a->reg);
+		if(a->name != D_NONE || a->sym != S)
+			sprint(str, "%N(R%d)(REG)", a, a->reg);
+		break;
+
+	case D_FREG:
+		sprint(str, "F%d", a->reg);
+		if(a->name != D_NONE || a->sym != S)
+			sprint(str, "%N(R%d)(REG)", a, a->reg);
+		break;
+
+	case D_FCREG:
+		sprint(str, "FC%d", a->reg);
+		if(a->name != D_NONE || a->sym != S)
+			sprint(str, "%N(R%d)(REG)", a, a->reg);
+		break;
+
+	case D_LO:
+		sprint(str, "LO");
+		if(a->name != D_NONE || a->sym != S)
+			sprint(str, "%N(LO)(REG)", a);
+		break;
+
+	case D_HI:
+		sprint(str, "HI");
+		if(a->name != D_NONE || a->sym != S)
+			sprint(str, "%N(HI)(REG)", a);
+		break;
+
+	case D_BRANCH:	/* botch */
+		if(curp->cond != P) {
+			v = curp->cond->pc;
+			if(v >= INITTEXT)
+				v -= INITTEXT-HEADR;
+			if(a->sym != S)
+				sprint(str, "%s+%.5lux(BRANCH)", a->sym->name, v);
+			else
+				sprint(str, "%.5lux(BRANCH)", v);
+		} else
+			if(a->sym != S)
+				sprint(str, "%s+%ld(APC)", a->sym->name, a->offset);
+			else
+				sprint(str, "%ld(APC)", a->offset);
+		break;
+
+	case D_FCONST:
+		sprint(str, "$%e", ieeedtod(a->ieee));
+		break;
+
+	case D_SCONST:
+		sprint(str, "$\"%S\"", a->sval);
+		break;
+	}
+	return fmtstrcpy(fp, str);
+}
+
+int
+Nconv(Fmt *fp)
+{
+	char str[STRINGSZ];
+	Adr *a;
+	Sym *s;
+
+	a = va_arg(fp->args, Adr*);
+	s = a->sym;
+	switch(a->name) {
+	default:
+		sprint(str, "GOK-name(%d)", a->name);
+		break;
+
+	case D_NONE:
+		sprint(str, "%ld", a->offset);
+		break;
+
+	case D_EXTERN:
+		if(s == S)
+			sprint(str, "%ld(SB)", a->offset);
+		else
+			sprint(str, "%s+%ld(SB)", s->name, a->offset);
+		break;
+
+	case D_STATIC:
+		if(s == S)
+			sprint(str, "<>+%ld(SB)", a->offset);
+		else
+			sprint(str, "%s<>+%ld(SB)", s->name, a->offset);
+		break;
+
+	case D_AUTO:
+		if(s == S)
+			sprint(str, "%ld(SP)", a->offset);
+		else
+			sprint(str, "%s-%ld(SP)", s->name, -a->offset);
+		break;
+
+	case D_PARAM:
+		if(s == S)
+			sprint(str, "%ld(FP)", a->offset);
+		else
+			sprint(str, "%s+%ld(FP)", s->name, a->offset);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return fmtstrcpy(fp, str);
+}
+
+int
+Sconv(Fmt *fp)
+{
+	int i, c;
+	char str[STRINGSZ], *p, *a;
+
+	a = va_arg(fp->args, char*);
+	p = str;
+	for(i=0; i<sizeof(long); i++) {
+		c = a[i] & 0xff;
+		if(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z' ||
+		   c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z' ||
+		   c >= '0' && c <= '9' ||
+		   c == ' ' || c == '%') {
+			*p++ = c;
+			continue;
+		}
+		*p++ = '\\';
+		switch(c) {
+		case 0:
+			*p++ = 'z';
+			continue;
+		case '\\':
+		case '"':
+			*p++ = c;
+			continue;
+		case '\n':
+			*p++ = 'n';
+			continue;
+		case '\t':
+			*p++ = 't';
+			continue;
+		}
+		*p++ = (c>>6) + '0';
+		*p++ = ((c>>3) & 7) + '0';
+		*p++ = (c & 7) + '0';
+	}
+	*p = 0;
+	return fmtstrcpy(fp, str);
+}
+
+void
+diag(char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	char buf[STRINGSZ], *tn;
+	va_list arg;
+
+	tn = "??none??";
+	if(curtext != P && curtext->from.sym != S)
+		tn = curtext->from.sym->name;
+	va_start(arg, fmt);
+	vseprint(buf, buf+sizeof(buf), fmt, arg);
+	va_end(arg);
+	print("%s: %s\n", tn, buf);
+
+	nerrors++;
+	if(nerrors > 10) {
+		print("too many errors\n");
+		errorexit();
+	}
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/vl/mkfile b/sys/src/cmd/vl/mkfile
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..82b008ee7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/vl/mkfile
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+</$objtype/mkfile
+
+TARG=vl
+OFILES=\
+	asm.$O\
+	list.$O\
+	noop.$O\
+	sched.$O\
+	obj.$O\
+	optab.$O\
+	pass.$O\
+	span.$O\
+	enam.$O\
+	compat.$O\
+
+HFILES=\
+	l.h\
+	../vc/v.out.h\
+
+BIN=/$objtype/bin
+</sys/src/cmd/mkone
+
+enam.$O:	../vc/enam.c
+	$CC $CFLAGS ../vc/enam.c
+
+x:V:	$O.out
+	$O.out -la -o/dev/null x.v
+
+test:V:	$O.out
+	rm -f xxx
+	mv $O.out xxx
+	./xxx $OFILES
+	cmp $O.out xxx
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/vl/noop.c b/sys/src/cmd/vl/noop.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..337e947d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/vl/noop.c
@@ -0,0 +1,416 @@
+#include	"l.h"
+
+void
+noops(void)
+{
+	Prog *p, *p1, *q, *q1;
+	int o, curframe, curbecome, maxbecome;
+
+	/*
+	 * find leaf subroutines
+	 * become sizes
+	 * frame sizes
+	 * strip NOPs
+	 * expand RET
+	 * expand BECOME pseudo
+	 */
+
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f noops\n", cputime());
+	Bflush(&bso);
+
+	curframe = 0;
+	curbecome = 0;
+	maxbecome = 0;
+	curtext = 0;
+
+	q = P;
+	for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p->link) {
+
+		/* find out how much arg space is used in this TEXT */
+		if(p->to.type == D_OREG && p->to.reg == REGSP)
+			if(p->to.offset > curframe)
+				curframe = p->to.offset;
+
+		switch(p->as) {
+		case ATEXT:
+			if(curtext && curtext->from.sym) {
+				curtext->from.sym->frame = curframe;
+				curtext->from.sym->become = curbecome;
+				if(curbecome > maxbecome)
+					maxbecome = curbecome;
+			}
+			curframe = 0;
+			curbecome = 0;
+
+			p->mark |= LABEL|LEAF|SYNC;
+			if(p->link)
+				p->link->mark |= LABEL;
+			curtext = p;
+			break;
+
+		/* too hard, just leave alone */
+		case AMOVW:
+			if(p->to.type == D_FCREG ||
+			   p->to.type == D_MREG) {
+				p->mark |= LABEL|SYNC;
+				break;
+			}
+			if(p->from.type == D_FCREG ||
+			   p->from.type == D_MREG) {
+				p->mark |= LABEL|SYNC;
+				addnop(p);
+				addnop(p);
+				nop.mfrom.count += 2;
+				nop.mfrom.outof += 2;
+				break;
+			}
+			break;
+
+		/* too hard, just leave alone */
+		case ACASE:
+		case ASYSCALL:
+		case AWORD:
+		case ATLBWR:
+		case ATLBWI:
+		case ATLBP:
+		case ATLBR:
+			p->mark |= LABEL|SYNC;
+			break;
+
+		case ANOR:
+			if(p->to.type == D_REG && p->to.reg == REGZERO)
+				p->mark |= LABEL|SYNC;
+			break;
+
+		case ARET:
+			/* special form of RET is BECOME */
+			if(p->from.type == D_CONST)
+				if(p->from.offset > curbecome)
+					curbecome = p->from.offset;
+
+			if(p->link != P)
+				p->link->mark |= LABEL;
+			break;
+
+		case ANOP:
+			q1 = p->link;
+			q->link = q1;		/* q is non-nop */
+			q1->mark |= p->mark;
+			continue;
+
+		case ABCASE:
+			p->mark |= LABEL|SYNC;
+			goto dstlab;
+
+		case ABGEZAL:
+		case ABLTZAL:
+		case AJAL:
+			if(curtext != P)
+				curtext->mark &= ~LEAF;
+
+		case AJMP:
+		case ABEQ:
+		case ABGEZ:
+		case ABGTZ:
+		case ABLEZ:
+		case ABLTZ:
+		case ABNE:
+		case ABFPT:
+		case ABFPF:
+			p->mark |= BRANCH;
+
+		dstlab:
+			q1 = p->cond;
+			if(q1 != P) {
+				while(q1->as == ANOP) {
+					q1 = q1->link;
+					p->cond = q1;
+				}
+				if(!(q1->mark & LEAF))
+					q1->mark |= LABEL;
+			} else
+				p->mark |= LABEL;
+			q1 = p->link;
+			if(q1 != P)
+				q1->mark |= LABEL;
+			break;
+		}
+		q = p;
+	}
+
+	if(curtext && curtext->from.sym) {
+		curtext->from.sym->frame = curframe;
+		curtext->from.sym->become = curbecome;
+		if(curbecome > maxbecome)
+			maxbecome = curbecome;
+	}
+
+	if(debug['b'])
+		print("max become = %d\n", maxbecome);
+	xdefine("ALEFbecome", STEXT, maxbecome);
+
+	curtext = 0;
+	for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		switch(p->as) {
+		case ATEXT:
+			curtext = p;
+			break;
+		case AJAL:
+			if(curtext != P && curtext->from.sym != S && curtext->to.offset >= 0) {
+				o = maxbecome - curtext->from.sym->frame;
+				if(o <= 0)
+					break;
+				/* calling a become or calling a variable */
+				if(p->to.sym == S || p->to.sym->become) {
+					curtext->to.offset += o;
+					if(debug['b']) {
+						curp = p;
+						print("%D calling %D increase %d\n",
+							&curtext->from, &p->to, o);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		o = p->as;
+		switch(o) {
+		case ATEXT:
+			curtext = p;
+			autosize = p->to.offset + 4;
+			if(autosize <= 4)
+			if(curtext->mark & LEAF) {
+				p->to.offset = -4;
+				autosize = 0;
+			}
+
+			q = p;
+			if(autosize) {
+				q = prg();
+				q->as = AADD;
+				q->line = p->line;
+				q->from.type = D_CONST;
+				q->from.offset = -autosize;
+				q->to.type = D_REG;
+				q->to.reg = REGSP;
+
+				q->link = p->link;
+				p->link = q;
+			} else
+			if(!(curtext->mark & LEAF)) {
+				if(debug['v'])
+					Bprint(&bso, "save suppressed in: %s\n",
+						curtext->from.sym->name);
+				Bflush(&bso);
+				curtext->mark |= LEAF;
+			}
+
+			if(curtext->mark & LEAF) {
+				if(curtext->from.sym)
+					curtext->from.sym->type = SLEAF;
+				break;
+			}
+
+			q1 = prg();
+			q1->as = AMOVW;
+			q1->line = p->line;
+			q1->from.type = D_REG;
+			q1->from.reg = REGLINK;
+			q1->to.type = D_OREG;
+			q1->from.offset = 0;
+			q1->to.reg = REGSP;
+
+			q1->link = q->link;
+			q->link = q1;
+			break;
+
+		case ARET:
+			nocache(p);
+			if(p->from.type == D_CONST)
+				goto become;
+			if(curtext->mark & LEAF) {
+				if(!autosize) {
+					p->as = AJMP;
+					p->from = zprg.from;
+					p->to.type = D_OREG;
+					p->to.offset = 0;
+					p->to.reg = REGLINK;
+					p->mark |= BRANCH;
+					break;
+				}
+
+				p->as = AADD;
+				p->from.type = D_CONST;
+				p->from.offset = autosize;
+				p->to.type = D_REG;
+				p->to.reg = REGSP;
+
+				q = prg();
+				q->as = AJMP;
+				q->line = p->line;
+				q->to.type = D_OREG;
+				q->to.offset = 0;
+				q->to.reg = REGLINK;
+				q->mark |= BRANCH;
+
+				q->link = p->link;
+				p->link = q;
+				break;
+			}
+			p->as = AMOVW;
+			p->from.type = D_OREG;
+			p->from.offset = 0;
+			p->from.reg = REGSP;
+			p->to.type = D_REG;
+			p->to.reg = 2;
+
+			q = p;
+			if(autosize) {
+				q = prg();
+				q->as = AADD;
+				q->line = p->line;
+				q->from.type = D_CONST;
+				q->from.offset = autosize;
+				q->to.type = D_REG;
+				q->to.reg = REGSP;
+
+				q->link = p->link;
+				p->link = q;
+			}
+
+			q1 = prg();
+			q1->as = AJMP;
+			q1->line = p->line;
+			q1->to.type = D_OREG;
+			q1->to.offset = 0;
+			q1->to.reg = 2;
+			q1->mark |= BRANCH;
+
+			q1->link = q->link;
+			q->link = q1;
+			break;
+
+		become:
+			if(curtext->mark & LEAF) {
+
+				q = prg();
+				q->line = p->line;
+				q->as = AJMP;
+				q->from = zprg.from;
+				q->to = p->to;
+				q->cond = p->cond;
+				q->link = p->link;
+				q->mark |= BRANCH;
+				p->link = q;
+
+				p->as = AADD;
+				p->from = zprg.from;
+				p->from.type = D_CONST;
+				p->from.offset = autosize;
+				p->to = zprg.to;
+				p->to.type = D_REG;
+				p->to.reg = REGSP;
+
+				break;
+			}
+			q = prg();
+			q->line = p->line;
+			q->as = AJMP;
+			q->from = zprg.from;
+			q->to = p->to;
+			q->cond = p->cond;
+			q->link = p->link;
+			q->mark |= BRANCH;
+			p->link = q;
+
+			q = prg();
+			q->line = p->line;
+			q->as = AADD;
+			q->from.type = D_CONST;
+			q->from.offset = autosize;
+			q->to.type = D_REG;
+			q->to.reg = REGSP;
+			q->link = p->link;
+			p->link = q;
+
+			p->as = AMOVW;
+			p->from = zprg.from;
+			p->from.type = D_OREG;
+			p->from.offset = 0;
+			p->from.reg = REGSP;
+			p->to = zprg.to;
+			p->to.type = D_REG;
+			p->to.reg = REGLINK;
+
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	curtext = P;
+	q = P;		/* p - 1 */
+	q1 = firstp;	/* top of block */
+	o = 0;		/* count of instructions */
+	for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p1) {
+		p1 = p->link;
+		o++;
+		if(p->mark & NOSCHED){
+			if(q1 != p){
+				sched(q1, q);
+			}
+			for(; p != P; p = p->link){
+				if(!(p->mark & NOSCHED))
+					break;
+				q = p;
+			}
+			p1 = p;
+			q1 = p;
+			o = 0;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if(p->mark & (LABEL|SYNC)) {
+			if(q1 != p)
+				sched(q1, q);
+			q1 = p;
+			o = 1;
+		}
+		if(p->mark & (BRANCH|SYNC)) {
+			sched(q1, p);
+			q1 = p1;
+			o = 0;
+		}
+		if(o >= NSCHED) {
+			sched(q1, p);
+			q1 = p1;
+			o = 0;
+		}
+		q = p;
+	}
+}
+
+void
+addnop(Prog *p)
+{
+	Prog *q;
+
+	q = prg();
+	q->as = ANOR;
+	q->line = p->line;
+	q->from.type = D_REG;
+	q->from.reg = REGZERO;
+	q->to.type = D_REG;
+	q->to.reg = REGZERO;
+
+	q->link = p->link;
+	p->link = q;
+}
+
+void
+nocache(Prog *p)
+{
+	p->optab = 0;
+	p->from.class = 0;
+	p->to.class = 0;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/vl/obj.c b/sys/src/cmd/vl/obj.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8289c5884
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/vl/obj.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1396 @@
+#define	EXTERN
+#include	"l.h"
+#include	<ar.h>
+
+#ifndef	DEFAULT
+#define	DEFAULT	'9'
+#endif
+
+char	*noname		= "<none>";
+char	symname[]	= SYMDEF;
+char	thechar		= 'v';
+char	*thestring 	= "mips";
+
+/*
+ *	-H0 -T0x40004C -D0x10000000	is abbrev unix
+ *	-H1 -T0x80020000 -R4		is bootp() format for 3k
+ *	-H2 -T4128 -R4096		is plan9 format
+ *	-H3 -T0x80020000 -R8		is bootp() format for 4k
+ *	-H4 -T0x400000 -R4		is sgi unix coff executable
+ *	-H5 -T0x4000A0 -R4		is sgi unix elf executable
+ *	-H6						is headerless
+ */
+
+int little;
+
+void
+main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	int c;
+	char *a;
+
+	Binit(&bso, 1, OWRITE);
+	cout = -1;
+	listinit();
+	outfile = 0;
+	nerrors = 0;
+	curtext = P;
+	HEADTYPE = -1;
+	INITTEXT = -1;
+	INITDAT = -1;
+	INITRND = -1;
+	INITENTRY = 0;
+
+	ARGBEGIN {
+	default:
+		c = ARGC();
+		if(c >= 0 && c < sizeof(debug))
+			debug[c]++;
+		break;
+	case 'o':
+		outfile = ARGF();
+		break;
+	case 'E':
+		a = ARGF();
+		if(a)
+			INITENTRY = a;
+		break;
+	case  'L':			/* for little-endian mips */
+		thechar = '0';
+		thestring = "spim";
+		little = 1;
+		break;
+	case 'T':
+		a = ARGF();
+		if(a)
+			INITTEXT = atolwhex(a);
+		break;
+	case 'D':
+		a = ARGF();
+		if(a)
+			INITDAT = atolwhex(a);
+		break;
+	case 'R':
+		a = ARGF();
+		if(a)
+			INITRND = atolwhex(a);
+		break;
+	case 'H':
+		a = ARGF();
+		if(a)
+			HEADTYPE = atolwhex(a);
+		/* do something about setting INITTEXT */
+		break;
+	} ARGEND
+
+	USED(argc);
+
+	if(*argv == 0) {
+		diag("usage: %cl [-options] objects", thechar);
+		errorexit();
+	}
+	if(!debug['9'] && !debug['U'] && !debug['B'])
+		debug[DEFAULT] = 1;
+	if(HEADTYPE == -1) {
+		if(debug['U'])
+			HEADTYPE = 0;
+		if(debug['B'])
+			HEADTYPE = 1;
+		if(debug['9'])
+			HEADTYPE = 2;
+	}
+	switch(HEADTYPE) {
+	default:
+		diag("unknown -H option");
+		errorexit();
+
+	case 0:	/* unix simple */
+		HEADR = 20L+56L;
+		if(INITTEXT == -1)
+			INITTEXT = 0x40004CL;
+		if(INITDAT == -1)
+			INITDAT = 0x10000000L;
+		if(INITRND == -1)
+			INITRND = 0;
+		break;
+	case 1:	/* boot for 3k */
+		HEADR = 20L+60L;
+		if(INITTEXT == -1)
+			INITTEXT = 0x80020000L;
+		if(INITDAT == -1)
+			INITDAT = 0;
+		if(INITRND == -1)
+			INITRND = 4;
+		break;
+	case 2:	/* plan 9 */
+		HEADR = 32L;
+		if(INITTEXT == -1)
+			INITTEXT = 4128;
+		if(INITDAT == -1)
+			INITDAT = 0;
+		if(INITRND == -1)
+			INITRND = 4096;
+		break;
+	case 3:	/* boot for 4k */
+		HEADR = 20L+56L+3*40L;
+		if(INITTEXT == -1)
+			INITTEXT = 0x80020000L;
+		if(INITDAT == -1)
+			INITDAT = 0;
+		if(INITRND == -1)
+			INITRND = 8;
+		break;
+	case 4:	/* sgi unix coff executable */
+		HEADR = 20L+56L+3*40L;
+		if(INITTEXT == -1)
+			INITTEXT = 0x00400000L+HEADR;
+		if(INITDAT == -1)
+			INITDAT = 0x10000000;
+		if(INITRND == -1)
+			INITRND = 0;
+		break;
+	case 5:	/* sgi unix elf executable */
+		HEADR = rnd(52L+3*32L, 16);
+		if(INITTEXT == -1)
+			INITTEXT = 0x00400000L+HEADR;
+		if(INITDAT == -1)
+			INITDAT = 0x10000000;
+		if(INITRND == -1)
+			INITRND = 0;
+		break;
+	case 6:	/* headerless */
+		HEADR = 0;
+		if(INITTEXT == -1)
+			INITTEXT = 0x80000000L+HEADR;
+		if(INITDAT == -1)
+			INITDAT = 0;
+		if(INITRND == -1)
+			INITRND = 4096;
+		break;
+	}
+	if(INITDAT != 0 && INITRND != 0)
+		print("warning: -D0x%lux is ignored because of -R0x%lux\n",
+			INITDAT, INITRND);
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "HEADER = -H0x%d -T0x%lux -D0x%lux -R0x%lux\n",
+			HEADTYPE, INITTEXT, INITDAT, INITRND);
+	Bflush(&bso);
+	zprg.as = AGOK;
+	zprg.reg = NREG;
+	zprg.from.name = D_NONE;
+	zprg.from.type = D_NONE;
+	zprg.from.reg = NREG;
+	zprg.to = zprg.from;
+	buildop();
+	histgen = 0;
+	textp = P;
+	datap = P;
+	pc = 0;
+	dtype = 4;
+	if(outfile == 0) {
+		static char name[20];
+
+		snprint(name, sizeof name, "%c.out", thechar);
+		outfile = name;
+	}
+	cout = create(outfile, 1, 0775);
+	if(cout < 0) {
+		diag("%s: cannot create", outfile);
+		errorexit();
+	}
+	nuxiinit();
+
+	version = 0;
+	cbp = buf.cbuf;
+	cbc = sizeof(buf.cbuf);
+	firstp = prg();
+	lastp = firstp;
+
+	if(INITENTRY == 0) {
+		INITENTRY = "_main";
+		if(debug['p'])
+			INITENTRY = "_mainp";
+		if(!debug['l'])
+			lookup(INITENTRY, 0)->type = SXREF;
+	} else
+		lookup(INITENTRY, 0)->type = SXREF;
+
+	while(*argv)
+		objfile(*argv++);
+	if(!debug['l'])
+		loadlib();
+	firstp = firstp->link;
+	if(firstp == P)
+		goto out;
+	patch();
+	if(debug['p'])
+		if(debug['1'])
+			doprof1();
+		else
+			doprof2();
+	dodata();
+	follow();
+	if(firstp == P)
+		goto out;
+	noops();
+	span();
+	asmb();
+	undef();
+
+out:
+	if(debug['v']) {
+		Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f cpu time\n", cputime());
+		Bprint(&bso, "%ld memory used\n", thunk);
+		Bprint(&bso, "%d sizeof adr\n", sizeof(Adr));
+		Bprint(&bso, "%d sizeof prog\n", sizeof(Prog));
+	}
+	Bflush(&bso);
+	errorexit();
+}
+
+void
+loadlib(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	long h;
+	Sym *s;
+
+loop:
+	xrefresolv = 0;
+	for(i=0; i<libraryp; i++) {
+		if(debug['v'])
+			Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f autolib: %s (from %s)\n", cputime(), library[i], libraryobj[i]);
+		objfile(library[i]);
+	}
+	if(xrefresolv)
+	for(h=0; h<nelem(hash); h++)
+	for(s = hash[h]; s != S; s = s->link)
+		if(s->type == SXREF)
+			goto loop;
+}
+
+void
+errorexit(void)
+{
+
+	if(nerrors) {
+		if(cout >= 0)
+			remove(outfile);
+		exits("error");
+	}
+	exits(0);
+}
+
+void
+objfile(char *file)
+{
+	long off, esym, cnt, l;
+	int f, work;
+	Sym *s;
+	char magbuf[SARMAG];
+	char name[100], pname[150];
+	struct ar_hdr arhdr;
+	char *e, *start, *stop;
+
+	if(file[0] == '-' && file[1] == 'l') {
+		if(debug['9'])
+			sprint(name, "/%s/lib/lib", thestring);
+		else
+			sprint(name, "/usr/%clib/lib", thechar);
+		strcat(name, file+2);
+		strcat(name, ".a");
+		file = name;
+	}
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f ldobj: %s\n", cputime(), file);
+	Bflush(&bso);
+	f = open(file, 0);
+	if(f < 0) {
+		diag("cannot open file: %s", file);
+		errorexit();
+	}
+	l = read(f, magbuf, SARMAG);
+	if(l != SARMAG || strncmp(magbuf, ARMAG, SARMAG)){
+		/* load it as a regular file */
+		l = seek(f, 0L, 2);
+		seek(f, 0L, 0);
+		ldobj(f, l, file);
+		close(f);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f ldlib: %s\n", cputime(), file);
+	l = read(f, &arhdr, SAR_HDR);
+	if(l != SAR_HDR) {
+		diag("%s: short read on archive file symbol header", file);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	if(strncmp(arhdr.name, symname, strlen(symname))) {
+		diag("%s: first entry not symbol header", file);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	esym = SARMAG + SAR_HDR + atolwhex(arhdr.size);
+	off = SARMAG + SAR_HDR;
+
+	/*
+	 * just bang the whole symbol file into memory
+	 */
+	seek(f, off, 0);
+	cnt = esym - off;
+	start = malloc(cnt + 10);
+	cnt = read(f, start, cnt);
+	if(cnt <= 0){
+		close(f);
+		return;
+	}
+	stop = &start[cnt];
+	memset(stop, 0, 10);
+
+	work = 1;
+	while(work){
+		if(debug['v'])
+			Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f library pass: %s\n", cputime(), file);
+		Bflush(&bso);
+		work = 0;
+		for(e = start; e < stop; e = strchr(e+5, 0) + 1) {
+			s = lookup(e+5, 0);
+			if(s->type != SXREF)
+				continue;
+			sprint(pname, "%s(%s)", file, s->name);
+			if(debug['v'])
+				Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f library: %s\n", cputime(), pname);
+			Bflush(&bso);
+			l = e[1] & 0xff;
+			l |= (e[2] & 0xff) << 8;
+			l |= (e[3] & 0xff) << 16;
+			l |= (e[4] & 0xff) << 24;
+			seek(f, l, 0);
+			l = read(f, &arhdr, SAR_HDR);
+			if(l != SAR_HDR)
+				goto bad;
+			if(strncmp(arhdr.fmag, ARFMAG, sizeof(arhdr.fmag)))
+				goto bad;
+			l = atolwhex(arhdr.size);
+			ldobj(f, l, pname);
+			if(s->type == SXREF) {
+				diag("%s: failed to load: %s", file, s->name);
+				errorexit();
+			}
+			work = 1;
+			xrefresolv = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	return;
+
+bad:
+	diag("%s: bad or out of date archive", file);
+out:
+	close(f);
+}
+
+int
+zaddr(uchar *p, Adr *a, Sym *h[])
+{
+	int i, c;
+	long l;
+	Sym *s;
+	Auto *u;
+
+	c = p[2];
+	if(c < 0 || c > NSYM){
+		print("sym out of range: %d\n", c);
+		p[0] = ALAST+1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	a->type = p[0];
+	a->reg = p[1];
+	a->sym = h[c];
+	a->name = p[3];
+	c = 4;
+
+	if(a->reg < 0 || a->reg > NREG) {
+		print("register out of range %d\n", a->reg);
+		p[0] = ALAST+1;
+		return 0;	/*  force real diagnostic */
+	}
+
+	switch(a->type) {
+	default:
+		print("unknown type %d\n", a->type);
+		p[0] = ALAST+1;
+		return 0;	/*  force real diagnostic */
+
+	case D_NONE:
+	case D_REG:
+	case D_FREG:
+	case D_MREG:
+	case D_FCREG:
+	case D_LO:
+	case D_HI:
+		break;
+
+	case D_BRANCH:
+	case D_OREG:
+	case D_CONST:
+	case D_OCONST:
+		a->offset = p[4] | (p[5]<<8) |
+			(p[6]<<16) | (p[7]<<24);
+		c += 4;
+		break;
+
+	case D_SCONST:
+		while(nhunk < NSNAME)
+			gethunk();
+		a->sval = (char*)hunk;
+		nhunk -= NSNAME;
+		hunk += NSNAME;
+
+		memmove(a->sval, p+4, NSNAME);
+		c += NSNAME;
+		break;
+
+	case D_FCONST:
+		while(nhunk < sizeof(Ieee))
+			gethunk();
+		a->ieee = (Ieee*)hunk;
+		nhunk -= NSNAME;
+		hunk += NSNAME;
+
+		a->ieee->l = p[4] | (p[5]<<8) |
+			(p[6]<<16) | (p[7]<<24);
+		a->ieee->h = p[8] | (p[9]<<8) |
+			(p[10]<<16) | (p[11]<<24);
+		c += 8;
+		break;
+	}
+	s = a->sym;
+	if(s == S)
+		return c;
+	i = a->name;
+	if(i != D_AUTO && i != D_PARAM)
+		return c;
+
+	l = a->offset;
+	for(u=curauto; u; u=u->link)
+		if(u->asym == s)
+		if(u->type == i) {
+			if(u->aoffset > l)
+				u->aoffset = l;
+			return c;
+		}
+
+	while(nhunk < sizeof(Auto))
+		gethunk();
+	u = (Auto*)hunk;
+	nhunk -= sizeof(Auto);
+	hunk += sizeof(Auto);
+
+	u->link = curauto;
+	curauto = u;
+	u->asym = s;
+	u->aoffset = l;
+	u->type = i;
+	return c;
+}
+
+void
+addlib(char *obj)
+{
+	char name[1024], comp[256], *p;
+	int i;
+
+	if(histfrogp <= 0)
+		return;
+
+	if(histfrog[0]->name[1] == '/') {
+		sprint(name, "");
+		i = 1;
+	} else
+	if(histfrog[0]->name[1] == '.') {
+		sprint(name, ".");
+		i = 0;
+	} else {
+		if(debug['9'])
+			sprint(name, "/%s/lib", thestring);
+		else
+			sprint(name, "/usr/%clib", thechar);
+		i = 0;
+	}
+
+	for(; i<histfrogp; i++) {
+		snprint(comp, sizeof comp, histfrog[i]->name+1);
+		for(;;) {
+			p = strstr(comp, "$O");
+			if(p == 0)
+				break;
+			memmove(p+1, p+2, strlen(p+2)+1);
+			p[0] = thechar;
+		}
+		for(;;) {
+			p = strstr(comp, "$M");
+			if(p == 0)
+				break;
+			if(strlen(comp)+strlen(thestring)-2+1 >= sizeof comp) {
+				diag("library component too long");
+				return;
+			}
+			memmove(p+strlen(thestring), p+2, strlen(p+2)+1);
+			memmove(p, thestring, strlen(thestring));
+		}
+		if(strlen(name) + strlen(comp) + 3 >= sizeof(name)) {
+			diag("library component too long");
+			return;
+		}
+		strcat(name, "/");
+		strcat(name, comp);
+	}
+	for(i=0; i<libraryp; i++)
+		if(strcmp(name, library[i]) == 0)
+			return;
+	if(libraryp == nelem(library)){
+		diag("too many autolibs; skipping %s", name);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	p = malloc(strlen(name) + 1);
+	strcpy(p, name);
+	library[libraryp] = p;
+	p = malloc(strlen(obj) + 1);
+	strcpy(p, obj);
+	libraryobj[libraryp] = p;
+	libraryp++;
+}
+
+void
+addhist(long line, int type)
+{
+	Auto *u;
+	Sym *s;
+	int i, j, k;
+
+	u = malloc(sizeof(Auto));
+	s = malloc(sizeof(Sym));
+	s->name = malloc(2*(histfrogp+1) + 1);
+
+	u->asym = s;
+	u->type = type;
+	u->aoffset = line;
+	u->link = curhist;
+	curhist = u;
+
+	j = 1;
+	for(i=0; i<histfrogp; i++) {
+		k = histfrog[i]->value;
+		s->name[j+0] = k>>8;
+		s->name[j+1] = k;
+		j += 2;
+	}
+}
+
+void
+histtoauto(void)
+{
+	Auto *l;
+
+	while(l = curhist) {
+		curhist = l->link;
+		l->link = curauto;
+		curauto = l;
+	}
+}
+
+void
+collapsefrog(Sym *s)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	/*
+	 * bad encoding of path components only allows
+	 * MAXHIST components. if there is an overflow,
+	 * first try to collapse xxx/..
+	 */
+	for(i=1; i<histfrogp; i++)
+		if(strcmp(histfrog[i]->name+1, "..") == 0) {
+			memmove(histfrog+i-1, histfrog+i+1,
+				(histfrogp-i-1)*sizeof(histfrog[0]));
+			histfrogp--;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+	/*
+	 * next try to collapse .
+	 */
+	for(i=0; i<histfrogp; i++)
+		if(strcmp(histfrog[i]->name+1, ".") == 0) {
+			memmove(histfrog+i, histfrog+i+1,
+				(histfrogp-i-1)*sizeof(histfrog[0]));
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+	/*
+	 * last chance, just truncate from front
+	 */
+	memmove(histfrog+0, histfrog+1,
+		(histfrogp-1)*sizeof(histfrog[0]));
+
+out:
+	histfrog[histfrogp-1] = s;
+}
+
+void
+nopout(Prog *p)
+{
+	p->as = ANOP;
+	p->from.type = D_NONE;
+	p->to.type = D_NONE;
+}
+
+uchar*
+readsome(int f, uchar *buf, uchar *good, uchar *stop, int max)
+{
+	int n;
+
+	n = stop - good;
+	memmove(buf, good, stop - good);
+	stop = buf + n;
+	n = MAXIO - n;
+	if(n > max)
+		n = max;
+	n = read(f, stop, n);
+	if(n <= 0)
+		return 0;
+	return stop + n;
+}
+
+void
+ldobj(int f, long c, char *pn)
+{
+	long ipc;
+	Prog *p, *t;
+	uchar *bloc, *bsize, *stop;
+	Sym *h[NSYM], *s, *di;
+	int v, o, r, skip;
+
+	bsize = buf.xbuf;
+	bloc = buf.xbuf;
+	di = S;
+
+newloop:
+	memset(h, 0, sizeof(h));
+	version++;
+	histfrogp = 0;
+	ipc = pc;
+	skip = 0;
+
+loop:
+	if(c <= 0)
+		goto eof;
+	r = bsize - bloc;
+	if(r < 100 && r < c) {		/* enough for largest prog */
+		bsize = readsome(f, buf.xbuf, bloc, bsize, c);
+		if(bsize == 0)
+			goto eof;
+		bloc = buf.xbuf;
+		goto loop;
+	}
+	o = bloc[0];		/* as */
+	if(o <= AXXX || o >= ALAST) {
+		diag("%s: line %ld: opcode out of range %d", pn, pc-ipc, o);
+		print("	probably not a .%c file\n", thechar);
+		errorexit();
+	}
+	if(o == ANAME || o == ASIGNAME) {
+		if(o == ASIGNAME) {
+			bloc += 4;
+			c -= 4;
+		}
+		stop = memchr(&bloc[3], 0, bsize-&bloc[3]);
+		if(stop == 0){
+			bsize = readsome(f, buf.xbuf, bloc, bsize, c);
+			if(bsize == 0)
+				goto eof;
+			bloc = buf.xbuf;
+			stop = memchr(&bloc[3], 0, bsize-&bloc[3]);
+			if(stop == 0){
+				fprint(2, "%s: name too long\n", pn);
+				errorexit();
+			}
+		}
+		v = bloc[1];	/* type */
+		o = bloc[2];	/* sym */
+		bloc += 3;
+		c -= 3;
+
+		r = 0;
+		if(v == D_STATIC)
+			r = version;
+		s = lookup((char*)bloc, r);
+		c -= &stop[1] - bloc;
+		bloc = stop + 1;
+
+		if(debug['W'])
+			print("	ANAME	%s\n", s->name);
+		h[o] = s;
+		if((v == D_EXTERN || v == D_STATIC) && s->type == 0)
+			s->type = SXREF;
+		if(v == D_FILE) {
+			if(s->type != SFILE) {
+				histgen++;
+				s->type = SFILE;
+				s->value = histgen;
+			}
+			if(histfrogp < MAXHIST) {
+				histfrog[histfrogp] = s;
+				histfrogp++;
+			} else
+				collapsefrog(s);
+		}
+		goto loop;
+	}
+
+	if(nhunk < sizeof(Prog))
+		gethunk();
+	p = (Prog*)hunk;
+	nhunk -= sizeof(Prog);
+	hunk += sizeof(Prog);
+
+	p->as = o;
+	p->reg = bloc[1] & 0x7f;
+	if(bloc[1] & 0x80)
+		p->mark = NOSCHED;
+	p->line = bloc[2] | (bloc[3]<<8) | (bloc[4]<<16) | (bloc[5]<<24);
+
+	r = zaddr(bloc+6, &p->from, h) + 6;
+	r += zaddr(bloc+r, &p->to, h);
+	bloc += r;
+	c -= r;
+
+	if(p->reg < 0 || p->reg > NREG)
+		diag("register out of range %d", p->reg);
+
+	p->link = P;
+	p->cond = P;
+
+	if(debug['W'])
+		print("%P\n", p);
+
+	switch(o) {
+	case AHISTORY:
+		if(p->to.offset == -1) {
+			addlib(pn);
+			histfrogp = 0;
+			goto loop;
+		}
+		addhist(p->line, D_FILE);		/* 'z' */
+		if(p->to.offset)
+			addhist(p->to.offset, D_FILE1);	/* 'Z' */
+		histfrogp = 0;
+		goto loop;
+
+	case AEND:
+		histtoauto();
+		if(curtext != P)
+			curtext->to.autom = curauto;
+		curauto = 0;
+		curtext = P;
+		if(c)
+			goto newloop;
+		return;
+
+	case AGLOBL:
+		s = p->from.sym;
+		if(s == S) {
+			diag("GLOBL must have a name\n%P", p);
+			errorexit();
+		}
+		if(s->type == 0 || s->type == SXREF) {
+			s->type = SBSS;
+			s->value = 0;
+		}
+		if(s->type != SBSS) {
+			diag("redefinition: %s\n%P", s->name, p);
+			s->type = SBSS;
+			s->value = 0;
+		}
+		if(p->to.offset > s->value)
+			s->value = p->to.offset;
+		break;
+
+	case ADYNT:
+		if(p->to.sym == S) {
+			diag("DYNT without a sym\n%P", p);
+			break;
+		}
+		di = p->to.sym;
+		p->reg = 4;
+		if(di->type == SXREF) {
+			if(debug['z'])
+				Bprint(&bso, "%P set to %d\n", p, dtype);
+			di->type = SCONST;
+			di->value = dtype;
+			dtype += 4;
+		}
+		if(p->from.sym == S)
+			break;
+
+		p->from.offset = di->value;
+		p->from.sym->type = SDATA;
+		if(curtext == P) {
+			diag("DYNT not in text: %P", p);
+			break;
+		}
+		p->to.sym = curtext->from.sym;
+		p->to.type = D_CONST;
+		p->link = datap;
+		datap = p;
+		break;
+
+	case AINIT:
+		if(p->from.sym == S) {
+			diag("INIT without a sym\n%P", p);
+			break;
+		}
+		if(di == S) {
+			diag("INIT without previous DYNT\n%P", p);
+			break;
+		}
+		p->from.offset = di->value;
+		p->from.sym->type = SDATA;
+		p->link = datap;
+		datap = p;
+		break;
+	
+	case ADATA:
+		if(p->from.sym == S) {
+			diag("DATA without a sym\n%P", p);
+			break;
+		}
+		p->link = datap;
+		datap = p;
+		break;
+
+	case AGOK:
+		diag("unknown opcode\n%P", p);
+		p->pc = pc;
+		pc++;
+		break;
+
+	case ATEXT:
+		if(curtext != P) {
+			histtoauto();
+			curtext->to.autom = curauto;
+			curauto = 0;
+		}
+		skip = 0;
+		curtext = p;
+		autosize = (p->to.offset+3L) & ~3L;
+		p->to.offset = autosize;
+		autosize += 4;
+		s = p->from.sym;
+		if(s == S) {
+			diag("TEXT must have a name\n%P", p);
+			errorexit();
+		}
+		if(s->type != 0 && s->type != SXREF) {
+			if(p->reg & DUPOK) {
+				skip = 1;
+				goto casedef;
+			}
+			diag("redefinition: %s\n%P", s->name, p);
+		}
+		s->type = STEXT;
+		s->value = pc;
+		lastp->link = p;
+		lastp = p;
+		p->pc = pc;
+		pc++;
+		if(textp == P) {
+			textp = p;
+			etextp = p;
+			goto loop;
+		}
+		etextp->cond = p;
+		etextp = p;
+		break;
+
+	case ASUB:
+	case ASUBU:
+		if(p->from.type == D_CONST)
+		if(p->from.name == D_NONE) {
+			p->from.offset = -p->from.offset;
+			if(p->as == ASUB)
+				p->as = AADD;
+			else
+				p->as = AADDU;
+		}
+		goto casedef;
+
+	case AMOVF:
+		if(skip)
+			goto casedef;
+
+		if(p->from.type == D_FCONST) {
+			/* size sb 9 max */
+			sprint(literal, "$%lux", ieeedtof(p->from.ieee));
+			s = lookup(literal, 0);
+			if(s->type == 0) {
+				s->type = SBSS;
+				s->value = 4;
+				t = prg();
+				t->as = ADATA;
+				t->line = p->line;
+				t->from.type = D_OREG;
+				t->from.sym = s;
+				t->from.name = D_EXTERN;
+				t->reg = 4;
+				t->to = p->from;
+				t->link = datap;
+				datap = t;
+			}
+			p->from.type = D_OREG;
+			p->from.sym = s;
+			p->from.name = D_EXTERN;
+			p->from.offset = 0;
+		}
+		goto casedef;
+
+	case AMOVD:
+		if(skip)
+			goto casedef;
+
+		if(p->from.type == D_FCONST) {
+			/* size sb 18 max */
+			sprint(literal, "$%lux.%lux",
+				p->from.ieee->l, p->from.ieee->h);
+			s = lookup(literal, 0);
+			if(s->type == 0) {
+				s->type = SBSS;
+				s->value = 8;
+				t = prg();
+				t->as = ADATA;
+				t->line = p->line;
+				t->from.type = D_OREG;
+				t->from.sym = s;
+				t->from.name = D_EXTERN;
+				t->reg = 8;
+				t->to = p->from;
+				t->link = datap;
+				datap = t;
+			}
+			p->from.type = D_OREG;
+			p->from.sym = s;
+			p->from.name = D_EXTERN;
+			p->from.offset = 0;
+		}
+		goto casedef;
+
+	default:
+	casedef:
+		if(skip)
+			nopout(p);
+
+		if(p->to.type == D_BRANCH)
+			p->to.offset += ipc;
+		lastp->link = p;
+		lastp = p;
+		p->pc = pc;
+		pc++;
+		break;
+	}
+	goto loop;
+
+eof:
+	diag("truncated object file: %s", pn);
+}
+
+Sym*
+lookup(char *symb, int v)
+{
+	Sym *s;
+	char *p;
+	long h;
+	int c, l;
+
+	h = v;
+	for(p=symb; c = *p; p++)
+		h = h+h+h + c;
+	l = (p - symb) + 1;
+	if(h < 0)
+		h = ~h;
+	h %= NHASH;
+	for(s = hash[h]; s != S; s = s->link)
+		if(s->version == v)
+		if(memcmp(s->name, symb, l) == 0)
+			return s;
+
+	while(nhunk < sizeof(Sym))
+		gethunk();
+	s = (Sym*)hunk;
+	nhunk -= sizeof(Sym);
+	hunk += sizeof(Sym);
+
+	s->name = malloc(l);
+	memmove(s->name, symb, l);
+
+	s->link = hash[h];
+	s->type = 0;
+	s->version = v;
+	s->value = 0;
+	hash[h] = s;
+	return s;
+}
+
+Prog*
+prg(void)
+{
+	Prog *p;
+
+	while(nhunk < sizeof(Prog))
+		gethunk();
+	p = (Prog*)hunk;
+	nhunk -= sizeof(Prog);
+	hunk += sizeof(Prog);
+
+	*p = zprg;
+	return p;
+}
+
+void
+gethunk(void)
+{
+	char *h;
+	long nh;
+
+	nh = NHUNK;
+	if(thunk >= 5L*NHUNK) {
+		nh = 5L*NHUNK;
+		if(thunk >= 25L*NHUNK)
+			nh = 25L*NHUNK;
+	}
+	h = mysbrk(nh);
+	if(h == (char*)-1) {
+		diag("out of memory");
+		errorexit();
+	}
+	hunk = h;
+	nhunk = nh;
+	thunk += nh;
+}
+
+void
+doprof1(void)
+{
+	Sym *s;
+	long n;
+	Prog *p, *q;
+
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f profile 1\n", cputime());
+	Bflush(&bso);
+	s = lookup("__mcount", 0);
+	n = 1;
+	for(p = firstp->link; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		if(p->as == ATEXT) {
+			q = prg();
+			q->line = p->line;
+			q->link = datap;
+			datap = q;
+			q->as = ADATA;
+			q->from.type = D_OREG;
+			q->from.name = D_EXTERN;
+			q->from.offset = n*4;
+			q->from.sym = s;
+			q->reg = 4;
+			q->to = p->from;
+			q->to.type = D_CONST;
+
+			q = prg();
+			q->line = p->line;
+			q->pc = p->pc;
+			q->link = p->link;
+			p->link = q;
+			p = q;
+			p->as = AMOVW;
+			p->from.type = D_OREG;
+			p->from.name = D_EXTERN;
+			p->from.sym = s;
+			p->from.offset = n*4 + 4;
+			p->to.type = D_REG;
+			p->to.reg = REGTMP;
+
+			q = prg();
+			q->line = p->line;
+			q->pc = p->pc;
+			q->link = p->link;
+			p->link = q;
+			p = q;
+			p->as = AADDU;
+			p->from.type = D_CONST;
+			p->from.offset = 1;
+			p->to.type = D_REG;
+			p->to.reg = REGTMP;
+
+			q = prg();
+			q->line = p->line;
+			q->pc = p->pc;
+			q->link = p->link;
+			p->link = q;
+			p = q;
+			p->as = AMOVW;
+			p->from.type = D_REG;
+			p->from.reg = REGTMP;
+			p->to.type = D_OREG;
+			p->to.name = D_EXTERN;
+			p->to.sym = s;
+			p->to.offset = n*4 + 4;
+
+			n += 2;
+			continue;
+		}
+	}
+	q = prg();
+	q->line = 0;
+	q->link = datap;
+	datap = q;
+
+	q->as = ADATA;
+	q->from.type = D_OREG;
+	q->from.name = D_EXTERN;
+	q->from.sym = s;
+	q->reg = 4;
+	q->to.type = D_CONST;
+	q->to.offset = n;
+
+	s->type = SBSS;
+	s->value = n*4;
+}
+
+void
+doprof2(void)
+{
+	Sym *s2, *s4;
+	Prog *p, *q, *q2, *ps2, *ps4;
+
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f profile 2\n", cputime());
+	Bflush(&bso);
+
+	if(debug['e']){
+		s2 = lookup("_tracein", 0);
+		s4 = lookup("_traceout", 0);
+	}else{
+		s2 = lookup("_profin", 0);
+		s4 = lookup("_profout", 0);
+	}
+	if(s2->type != STEXT || s4->type != STEXT) {
+		if(debug['e'])
+			diag("_tracein/_traceout not defined %d %d", s2->type, s4->type);
+		else
+			diag("_profin/_profout not defined");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	ps2 = P;
+	ps4 = P;
+	for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		if(p->as == ATEXT) {
+			if(p->from.sym == s2) {
+				ps2 = p;
+				p->reg = 1;
+			}
+			if(p->from.sym == s4) {
+				ps4 = p;
+				p->reg = 1;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		if(p->as == ATEXT) {
+			if(p->reg & NOPROF) {
+				for(;;) {
+					q = p->link;
+					if(q == P)
+						break;
+					if(q->as == ATEXT)
+						break;
+					p = q;
+				}
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			/*
+			 * JAL	profin, R2
+			 */
+			q = prg();
+			q->line = p->line;
+			q->pc = p->pc;
+			q->link = p->link;
+			if(debug['e']){		/* embedded tracing */
+				q2 = prg();
+				p->link = q2;
+				q2->link = q;
+
+				q2->line = p->line;
+				q2->pc = p->pc;
+
+				q2->as = AJMP;
+				q2->to.type = D_BRANCH;
+				q2->to.sym = p->to.sym;
+				q2->cond = q->link;
+			}else
+				p->link = q;
+			p = q;
+			p->as = AJAL;
+			p->to.type = D_BRANCH;
+			p->cond = ps2;
+			p->to.sym = s2;
+
+			continue;
+		}
+		if(p->as == ARET) {
+			/*
+			 * RET (default)
+			 */
+			if(debug['e']){		/* embedded tracing */
+				q = prg();
+				q->line = p->line;
+				q->pc = p->pc;
+				q->link = p->link;
+				p->link = q;
+				p = q;
+			}
+			/*
+			 * RET
+			 */
+			q = prg();
+			q->as = ARET;
+			q->from = p->from;
+			q->to = p->to;
+			q->link = p->link;
+			p->link = q;
+
+			/*
+			 * JAL	profout
+			 */
+			p->as = AJAL;
+			p->from = zprg.from;
+			p->to = zprg.to;
+			p->to.type = D_BRANCH;
+			p->cond = ps4;
+			p->to.sym = s4;
+
+			p = q;
+
+			continue;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void
+nuxiinit(void)
+{
+	int i, c;
+
+	for(i=0; i<4; i++)
+		if (!little) {			/* normal big-endian case */
+			c = find1(0x01020304L, i+1);
+			if(i >= 2)
+				inuxi2[i-2] = c;
+			if(i >= 3)
+				inuxi1[i-3] = c;
+			inuxi4[i] = c;
+			fnuxi8[i] = c+4;
+			fnuxi8[i+4] = c;
+		} else {			/* oddball little-endian case */
+			c = find1(0x04030201L, i+1);
+			if(i < 2)
+				inuxi2[i] = c;
+			if(i < 1)
+				inuxi1[i] = c;
+			inuxi4[i] = c;
+			fnuxi4[i] = c;
+			fnuxi8[i] = c;
+			fnuxi8[i+4] = c+4;
+		}
+	if(debug['v']) {
+		Bprint(&bso, "inuxi = ");
+		for(i=0; i<1; i++)
+			Bprint(&bso, "%d", inuxi1[i]);
+		Bprint(&bso, " ");
+		for(i=0; i<2; i++)
+			Bprint(&bso, "%d", inuxi2[i]);
+		Bprint(&bso, " ");
+		for(i=0; i<4; i++)
+			Bprint(&bso, "%d", inuxi4[i]);
+		Bprint(&bso, "\nfnuxi = ");
+		for(i=0; i<8; i++)
+			Bprint(&bso, "%d", fnuxi8[i]);
+		Bprint(&bso, "\n");
+	}
+	Bflush(&bso);
+}
+
+find1(long l, int c)
+{
+	char *p;
+	int i;
+
+	p = (char*)&l;
+	for(i=0; i<4; i++)
+		if(*p++ == c)
+			return i;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+long
+ieeedtof(Ieee *ieeep)
+{
+	int exp;
+	long v;
+
+	if(ieeep->h == 0)
+		return 0;
+	exp = (ieeep->h>>20) & ((1L<<11)-1L);
+	exp -= (1L<<10) - 2L;
+	v = (ieeep->h & 0xfffffL) << 3;
+	v |= (ieeep->l >> 29) & 0x7L;
+	if((ieeep->l >> 28) & 1) {
+		v++;
+		if(v & 0x800000L) {
+			v = (v & 0x7fffffL) >> 1;
+			exp++;
+		}
+	}
+	if(exp <= -126 || exp >= 130)
+		diag("double fp to single fp overflow");
+	v |= ((exp + 126) & 0xffL) << 23;
+	v |= ieeep->h & 0x80000000L;
+	return v;
+}
+
+double
+ieeedtod(Ieee *ieeep)
+{
+	Ieee e;
+	double fr;
+	int exp;
+
+	if(ieeep->h & (1L<<31)) {
+		e.h = ieeep->h & ~(1L<<31);
+		e.l = ieeep->l;
+		return -ieeedtod(&e);
+	}
+	if(ieeep->l == 0 && ieeep->h == 0)
+		return 0;
+	fr = ieeep->l & ((1L<<16)-1L);
+	fr /= 1L<<16;
+	fr += (ieeep->l>>16) & ((1L<<16)-1L);
+	fr /= 1L<<16;
+	fr += (ieeep->h & (1L<<20)-1L) | (1L<<20);
+	fr /= 1L<<21;
+	exp = (ieeep->h>>20) & ((1L<<11)-1L);
+	exp -= (1L<<10) - 2L;
+	return ldexp(fr, exp);
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/vl/optab.c b/sys/src/cmd/vl/optab.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..858ecacc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/vl/optab.c
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+#include	"l.h"
+
+/* note: not finished
+ *	movd	fr,mem
+ *	movd	mem,fr
+ *	addv
+ *	addvu
+ *	subv
+ *	subvu
+ *	mulv
+ *	mulvu
+ *	divv
+ *	divvu
+ *	remv
+ *	remvu
+ */
+
+#define	X	99
+
+Optab	optab[] =
+{
+	{ ATEXT,	C_LEXT,	C_NONE,	C_LCON, 	 0, 0, 0 },
+	{ ATEXT,	C_LEXT,	C_REG,	C_LCON, 	 0, 0, 0 },
+
+	{ AMOVW,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		 1, 4, 0 },
+	{ AMOVV,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		 1, 4, 0 },
+	{ AMOVB,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		12, 8, 0 },
+	{ AMOVBU,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		13, 4, 0 },
+
+	{ ASUB,		C_REG,	C_REG,	C_REG,		 2, 4, 0 },
+	{ AADD,		C_REG,	C_REG,	C_REG,		 2, 4, 0 },
+	{ AAND,		C_REG,	C_REG,	C_REG,		 2, 4, 0 },
+	{ ASUB,		C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		 2, 4, 0 },
+	{ AADD,		C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		 2, 4, 0 },
+	{ AAND,		C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		 2, 4, 0 },
+
+	{ ASLL,		C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		 9, 4, 0 },
+	{ ASLL,		C_REG,	C_REG,	C_REG,		 9, 4, 0 },
+
+	{ AADDF,	C_FREG,	C_NONE,	C_FREG,		32, 4, 0 },
+	{ AADDF,	C_FREG,	C_REG,	C_FREG,		32, 4, 0 },
+	{ ACMPEQF,	C_FREG,	C_REG,	C_NONE,		32, 4, 0 },
+	{ AABSF,	C_FREG,	C_NONE,	C_FREG,		33, 4, 0 },
+	{ AMOVF,	C_FREG,	C_NONE,	C_FREG,		33, 4, 0 },
+	{ AMOVD,	C_FREG,	C_NONE,	C_FREG,		33, 4, 0 },
+
+	{ AMOVW,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_SEXT,		 7, 4, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVV,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_SEXT,		 7, 4, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVB,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_SEXT,		 7, 4, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVBU,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_SEXT,		 7, 4, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVWL,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_SEXT,		 7, 4, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_SAUTO,	 7, 4, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVV,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_SAUTO,	 7, 4, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVB,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_SAUTO,	 7, 4, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVBU,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_SAUTO,	 7, 4, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVWL,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_SAUTO,	 7, 4, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_SOREG,	 7, 4, REGZERO },
+	{ AMOVV,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_SOREG,	 7, 4, REGZERO },
+	{ AMOVB,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_SOREG,	 7, 4, REGZERO },
+	{ AMOVBU,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_SOREG,	 7, 4, REGZERO },
+	{ AMOVWL,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_SOREG,	 7, 4, REGZERO },
+
+	{ AMOVW,	C_SEXT,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		 8, 4, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVV,	C_SEXT,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		 8, 4, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVB,	C_SEXT,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		 8, 4, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVBU,	C_SEXT,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		 8, 4, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVWL,	C_SEXT,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		 8, 4, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_SAUTO,C_NONE,	C_REG,		 8, 4, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVV,	C_SAUTO,C_NONE,	C_REG,		 8, 4, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVB,	C_SAUTO,C_NONE,	C_REG,		 8, 4, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVBU,	C_SAUTO,C_NONE,	C_REG,		 8, 4, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVWL,	C_SAUTO,C_NONE,	C_REG,		 8, 4, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_SOREG,C_NONE,	C_REG,		 8, 4, REGZERO },
+	{ AMOVV,	C_SOREG,C_NONE,	C_REG,		 8, 4, REGZERO },
+	{ AMOVB,	C_SOREG,C_NONE,	C_REG,		 8, 4, REGZERO },
+	{ AMOVBU,	C_SOREG,C_NONE,	C_REG,		 8, 4, REGZERO },
+	{ AMOVWL,	C_SOREG,C_NONE,	C_REG,		 8, 4, REGZERO },
+
+	{ AMOVW,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_LEXT,		35, 16, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVV,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_LEXT,		35, 16, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVB,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_LEXT,		35, 16, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVBU,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_LEXT,		35, 16, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_LAUTO,	35, 16, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVV,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_LAUTO,	35, 16, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVB,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_LAUTO,	35, 16, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVBU,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_LAUTO,	35, 16, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_LOREG,	35, 16, REGZERO },
+	{ AMOVV,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_LOREG,	35, 16, REGZERO },
+	{ AMOVB,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_LOREG,	35, 16, REGZERO },
+	{ AMOVBU,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_LOREG,	35, 16, REGZERO },
+
+	{ AMOVW,	C_LEXT,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		36, 16, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVV,	C_LEXT,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		36, 16, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVB,	C_LEXT,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		36, 16, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVBU,	C_LEXT,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		36, 16, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_LAUTO,C_NONE,	C_REG,		36, 16, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVV,	C_LAUTO,C_NONE,	C_REG,		36, 16, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVB,	C_LAUTO,C_NONE,	C_REG,		36, 16, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVBU,	C_LAUTO,C_NONE,	C_REG,		36, 16, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_LOREG,C_NONE,	C_REG,		36, 16, REGZERO },
+	{ AMOVV,	C_LOREG,C_NONE,	C_REG,		36, 16, REGZERO },
+	{ AMOVB,	C_LOREG,C_NONE,	C_REG,		36, 16, REGZERO },
+	{ AMOVBU,	C_LOREG,C_NONE,	C_REG,		36, 16, REGZERO },
+
+	{ AMOVW,	C_SECON,C_NONE,	C_REG,		 3, 4, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_SACON,C_NONE,	C_REG,		 3, 4, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_LECON,C_NONE,	C_REG,		26, 12, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_LACON,C_NONE,	C_REG,		26, 12, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_ADDCON,C_NONE,C_REG,		 3, 4, REGZERO },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_ANDCON,C_NONE,C_REG,		 3, 4, REGZERO },
+
+	{ AMOVW,	C_UCON, C_NONE, C_REG,		24, 4, 0 },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_LCON,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		19, 8, 0 },
+
+	{ AMOVW,	C_HI,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		20, 4, 0 },
+	{ AMOVV,	C_HI,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		20, 4, 0 },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_LO,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		20, 4, 0 },
+	{ AMOVV,	C_LO,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		20, 4, 0 },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_HI,		21, 4, 0 },
+	{ AMOVV,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_HI,		21, 4, 0 },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_LO,		21, 4, 0 },
+	{ AMOVV,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_LO,		21, 4, 0 },
+
+	{ AMUL,		C_REG,	C_REG,	C_NONE,		22, 4, 0 },
+
+	{ AADD,		C_ADD0CON,C_REG,C_REG,		 4, 4, 0 },
+	{ AADD,		C_ADD0CON,C_NONE,C_REG,		 4, 4, 0 },
+	{ AADD,		C_ANDCON,C_REG,	C_REG,		10, 8, 0 },
+	{ AADD,		C_ANDCON,C_NONE,C_REG,		10, 8, 0 },
+
+	{ AAND,		C_AND0CON,C_REG,C_REG,		 4, 4, 0 },
+	{ AAND,		C_AND0CON,C_NONE,C_REG,		 4, 4, 0 },
+	{ AAND,		C_ADDCON,C_REG,	C_REG,		10, 8, 0 },
+	{ AAND,		C_ADDCON,C_NONE,C_REG,		10, 8, 0 },
+
+	{ AADD,		C_UCON,	C_REG,	C_REG,		25, 8, 0 },
+	{ AADD,		C_UCON,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		25, 8, 0 },
+	{ AAND,		C_UCON,	C_REG,	C_REG,		25, 8, 0 },
+	{ AAND,		C_UCON,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		25, 8, 0 },
+
+	{ AADD,		C_LCON,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		23, 12, 0 },
+	{ AAND,		C_LCON,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		23, 12, 0 },
+	{ AADD,		C_LCON,	C_REG,	C_REG,		23, 12, 0 },
+	{ AAND,		C_LCON,	C_REG,	C_REG,		23, 12, 0 },
+
+	{ ASLL,		C_SCON,	C_REG,	C_REG,		16, 4, 0 },
+	{ ASLL,		C_SCON,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		16, 4, 0 },
+
+	{ ASYSCALL,	C_NONE,	C_NONE,	C_NONE,		 5, 4, 0 },
+
+	{ ABEQ,		C_REG,	C_REG,	C_SBRA,		 6, 4, 0 },
+	{ ABEQ,		C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_SBRA,		 6, 4, 0 },
+	{ ABLEZ,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_SBRA,		 6, 4, 0 },
+	{ ABFPT,	C_NONE,	C_NONE,	C_SBRA,		 6, 4, 0 },
+
+	{ AJMP,		C_NONE,	C_NONE,	C_LBRA,		11, 4, 0 },
+	{ AJAL,		C_NONE,	C_NONE,	C_LBRA,		11, 4, 0 },
+
+	{ AJMP,		C_NONE,	C_NONE,	C_ZOREG,	18, 4, REGZERO },
+	{ AJAL,		C_NONE,	C_NONE,	C_ZOREG,	18, 4, REGLINK },
+
+	{ AMOVW,	C_SEXT,	C_NONE,	C_FREG,		27, 4, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVF,	C_SEXT,	C_NONE,	C_FREG,		27, 4, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVD,	C_SEXT,	C_NONE,	C_FREG,		27, 8, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_SAUTO,C_NONE,	C_FREG,		27, 4, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVF,	C_SAUTO,C_NONE,	C_FREG,		27, 4, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVD,	C_SAUTO,C_NONE,	C_FREG,		27, 8, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_SOREG,C_NONE,	C_FREG,		27, 4, REGZERO },
+	{ AMOVF,	C_SOREG,C_NONE,	C_FREG,		27, 4, REGZERO },
+	{ AMOVD,	C_SOREG,C_NONE,	C_FREG,		27, 8, REGZERO },
+
+	{ AMOVW,	C_LEXT,	C_NONE,	C_FREG,		27, 16, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVF,	C_LEXT,	C_NONE,	C_FREG,		27, 16, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVD,	C_LEXT,	C_NONE,	C_FREG,		27, 20, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_LAUTO,C_NONE,	C_FREG,		27, 16, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVF,	C_LAUTO,C_NONE,	C_FREG,		27, 16, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVD,	C_LAUTO,C_NONE,	C_FREG,		27, 20, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_LOREG,C_NONE,	C_FREG,		27, 16, REGZERO },
+	{ AMOVF,	C_LOREG,C_NONE,	C_FREG,		27, 16, REGZERO },
+	{ AMOVD,	C_LOREG,C_NONE,	C_FREG,		27, 20, REGZERO },
+
+	{ AMOVW,	C_FREG,	C_NONE,	C_SEXT,		28, 4, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVF,	C_FREG,	C_NONE,	C_SEXT,		28, 4, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVD,	C_FREG,	C_NONE,	C_SEXT,		28, 8, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_FREG,	C_NONE,	C_SAUTO,	28, 4, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVF,	C_FREG,	C_NONE,	C_SAUTO,	28, 4, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVD,	C_FREG,	C_NONE,	C_SAUTO,	28, 8, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_FREG,	C_NONE,	C_SOREG,	28, 4, REGZERO },
+	{ AMOVF,	C_FREG,	C_NONE,	C_SOREG,	28, 4, REGZERO },
+	{ AMOVD,	C_FREG,	C_NONE,	C_SOREG,	28, 8, REGZERO },
+
+	{ AMOVW,	C_FREG,	C_NONE,	C_LEXT,		28, 16, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVF,	C_FREG,	C_NONE,	C_LEXT,		28, 16, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVD,	C_FREG,	C_NONE,	C_LEXT,		28, 20, REGSB },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_FREG,	C_NONE,	C_LAUTO,	28, 16, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVF,	C_FREG,	C_NONE,	C_LAUTO,	28, 16, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVD,	C_FREG,	C_NONE,	C_LAUTO,	28, 20, REGSP },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_FREG,	C_NONE,	C_LOREG,	28, 16, REGZERO },
+	{ AMOVF,	C_FREG,	C_NONE,	C_LOREG,	28, 16, REGZERO },
+	{ AMOVD,	C_FREG,	C_NONE,	C_LOREG,	28, 20, REGZERO },
+
+	{ AMOVW,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_FREG,		30, 4, 0 },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_FREG,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		31, 4, 0 },
+
+	{ AMOVW,	C_ADDCON,C_NONE,C_FREG,		34, 8, 0 },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_ANDCON,C_NONE,C_FREG,		34, 8, 0 },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_UCON, C_NONE, C_FREG,		35, 8, 0 },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_LCON,	C_NONE,	C_FREG,		36, 12, 0 },
+
+	{ AMOVW,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_MREG,		37, 4, 0 },
+	{ AMOVV,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_MREG,		37, 4, 0 },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_MREG,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		38, 4, 0 },
+	{ AMOVV,	C_MREG,	C_NONE,	C_REG,		38, 4, 0 },
+
+	{ ARFE,		C_NONE,	C_NONE,	C_ZOREG,	39, 8, 0 },
+	{ AWORD,	C_NONE,	C_NONE,	C_LCON,		40, 4, 0 },
+
+	{ AMOVW,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_FCREG,	41, 8, 0 },
+	{ AMOVV,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_FCREG,	41, 8, 0 },
+	{ AMOVW,	C_FCREG,C_NONE,	C_REG,		42, 4, 0 },
+	{ AMOVV,	C_FCREG,C_NONE,	C_REG,		42, 4, 0 },
+
+	{ ABREAK,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_SEXT,		 7, 4, REGSB },	/* really CACHE instruction */
+	{ ABREAK,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_SAUTO,	 7, 4, REGSP },
+	{ ABREAK,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_SOREG,	 7, 4, REGZERO },
+	{ ABREAK,	C_NONE,	C_NONE,	C_NONE,		 5, 4, 0 },
+
+	{ ACASE,	C_REG,	C_NONE,	C_NONE,		 45, 28, 0 },
+	{ ABCASE,	C_LCON,	C_NONE,	C_LBRA,		 46, 4, 0 },
+
+	{ AXXX,		C_NONE,	C_NONE,	C_NONE,		 0, 4, 0 },
+};
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/vl/pass.c b/sys/src/cmd/vl/pass.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7abe22d4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/vl/pass.c
@@ -0,0 +1,505 @@
+#include	"l.h"
+
+void
+dodata(void)
+{
+	int i, t;
+	Sym *s;
+	Prog *p, *p1;
+	long orig, orig1, v;
+
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f dodata\n", cputime());
+	Bflush(&bso);
+	for(p = datap; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		s = p->from.sym;
+		if(p->as == ADYNT || p->as == AINIT)
+			s->value = dtype;
+		if(s->type == SBSS)
+			s->type = SDATA;
+		if(s->type != SDATA)
+			diag("initialize non-data (%d): %s\n%P",
+				s->type, s->name, p);
+		v = p->from.offset + p->reg;
+		if(v > s->value)
+			diag("initialize bounds (%ld): %s\n%P",
+				s->value, s->name, p);
+	}
+
+	if(debug['t']) {
+		/*
+		 * pull out string constants
+		 */
+		for(p = datap; p != P; p = p->link) {
+			s = p->from.sym;
+			if(p->to.type == D_SCONST)
+				s->type = SSTRING;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * pass 1
+	 *	assign 'small' variables to data segment
+	 *	(rational is that data segment is more easily
+	 *	 addressed through offset on R30)
+	 */
+	orig = 0;
+	for(i=0; i<NHASH; i++)
+	for(s = hash[i]; s != S; s = s->link) {
+		t = s->type;
+		if(t != SDATA && t != SBSS)
+			continue;
+		v = s->value;
+		if(v == 0) {
+			diag("%s: no size", s->name);
+			v = 1;
+		}
+		while(v & 3)
+			v++;
+		s->value = v;
+		if(v > MINSIZ)
+			continue;
+		s->value = orig;
+		orig += v;
+		s->type = SDATA1;
+	}
+	orig1 = orig;
+
+	/*
+	 * pass 2
+	 *	assign 'data' variables to data segment
+	 */
+	for(i=0; i<NHASH; i++)
+	for(s = hash[i]; s != S; s = s->link) {
+		t = s->type;
+		if(t != SDATA) {
+			if(t == SDATA1)
+				s->type = SDATA;
+			continue;
+		}
+		v = s->value;
+		s->value = orig;
+		orig += v;
+		s->type = SDATA1;
+	}
+
+	while(orig & 7)
+		orig++;
+	datsize = orig;
+
+	/*
+	 * pass 3
+	 *	everything else to bss segment
+	 */
+	for(i=0; i<NHASH; i++)
+	for(s = hash[i]; s != S; s = s->link) {
+		if(s->type != SBSS)
+			continue;
+		v = s->value;
+		s->value = orig;
+		orig += v;
+	}
+	while(orig & 7)
+		orig++;
+	bsssize = orig-datsize;
+
+	/*
+	 * pass 4
+	 *	add literals to all large values.
+	 *	at this time:
+	 *		small data is allocated DATA
+	 *		large data is allocated DATA1
+	 *		large bss is allocated BSS
+	 *	the new literals are loaded between
+	 *	small data and large data.
+	 */
+	orig = 0;
+	for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		if(p->as != AMOVW)
+			continue;
+		if(p->from.type != D_CONST)
+			continue;
+		if(s = p->from.sym) {
+			t = s->type;
+			if(t != SDATA && t != SDATA1 && t != SBSS)
+				continue;
+			t = p->from.name;
+			if(t != D_EXTERN && t != D_STATIC)
+				continue;
+			v = s->value + p->from.offset;
+			if(v >= 0 && v <= 0xffff)
+				continue;
+			if(!strcmp(s->name, "setR30"))
+				continue;
+			/* size should be 19 max */
+			if(strlen(s->name) >= 10)	/* has loader address */ 
+				sprint(literal, "$%p.%lux", s, p->from.offset);
+			else
+				sprint(literal, "$%s.%d.%lux", s->name, s->version, p->from.offset);
+		} else {
+			if(p->from.name != D_NONE)
+				continue;
+			if(p->from.reg != NREG)
+				continue;
+			v = p->from.offset;
+			if(v >= -0x7fff && v <= 0xffff)
+				continue;
+			if(!(v & 0xffff))
+				continue;
+			/* size should be 9 max */
+			sprint(literal, "$%lux", v);
+		}
+		s = lookup(literal, 0);
+		if(s->type == 0) {
+			s->type = SDATA;
+			s->value = orig1+orig;
+			orig += 4;
+			p1 = prg();
+			p1->line = p->line;
+			p1->as = ADATA;
+			p1->from.type = D_OREG;
+			p1->from.sym = s;
+			p1->from.name = D_EXTERN;
+			p1->reg = 4;
+			p1->to = p->from;
+			p1->link = datap;
+			datap = p1;
+		}
+		if(s->type != SDATA)
+			diag("literal not data: %s", s->name);
+		p->from.type = D_OREG;
+		p->from.sym = s;
+		p->from.name = D_EXTERN;
+		p->from.offset = 0;
+		nocache(p);
+		continue;
+	}
+	while(orig & 7)
+		orig++;
+	/*
+	 * pass 5
+	 *	re-adjust offsets
+	 */
+	for(i=0; i<NHASH; i++)
+	for(s = hash[i]; s != S; s = s->link) {
+		t = s->type;
+		if(t == SBSS) {
+			s->value += orig;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if(t == SDATA1) {
+			s->type = SDATA;
+			s->value += orig;
+			continue;
+		}
+	}
+	datsize += orig;
+	xdefine("setR30", SDATA, 0L+BIG);
+	xdefine("bdata", SDATA, 0L);
+	xdefine("edata", SDATA, datsize);
+	xdefine("end", SBSS, datsize+bsssize);
+	xdefine("etext", STEXT, 0L);
+}
+
+void
+undef(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	Sym *s;
+
+	for(i=0; i<NHASH; i++)
+	for(s = hash[i]; s != S; s = s->link)
+		if(s->type == SXREF)
+			diag("%s: not defined", s->name);
+}
+
+void
+follow(void)
+{
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f follow\n", cputime());
+	Bflush(&bso);
+
+	firstp = prg();
+	lastp = firstp;
+	xfol(textp);
+
+	firstp = firstp->link;
+	lastp->link = P;
+}
+
+void
+xfol(Prog *p)
+{
+	Prog *q, *r;
+	int a, i;
+
+loop:
+	if(p == P)
+		return;
+	a = p->as;
+	if(a == ATEXT)
+		curtext = p;
+	if(a == AJMP) {
+		q = p->cond;
+		if((p->mark&NOSCHED) || q && (q->mark&NOSCHED)){
+			p->mark |= FOLL;
+			lastp->link = p;
+			lastp = p;
+			p = p->link;
+			xfol(p);
+			p = q;
+			if(p && !(p->mark & FOLL))
+				goto loop;
+			return;
+		}
+		if(q != P) {
+			p->mark |= FOLL;
+			p = q;
+			if(!(p->mark & FOLL))
+				goto loop;
+		}
+	}
+	if(p->mark & FOLL) {
+		for(i=0,q=p; i<4; i++,q=q->link) {
+			if(q == lastp || (q->mark&NOSCHED))
+				break;
+			a = q->as;
+			if(a == ANOP) {
+				i--;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if(a == AJMP || a == ARET || a == ARFE)
+				goto copy;
+			if(!q->cond || (q->cond->mark&FOLL))
+				continue;
+			if(a != ABEQ && a != ABNE)
+				continue;
+		copy:
+			for(;;) {
+				r = prg();
+				*r = *p;
+				if(!(r->mark&FOLL))
+					print("cant happen 1\n");
+				r->mark |= FOLL;
+				if(p != q) {
+					p = p->link;
+					lastp->link = r;
+					lastp = r;
+					continue;
+				}
+				lastp->link = r;
+				lastp = r;
+				if(a == AJMP || a == ARET || a == ARFE)
+					return;
+				r->as = ABNE;
+				if(a == ABNE)
+					r->as = ABEQ;
+				r->cond = p->link;
+				r->link = p->cond;
+				if(!(r->link->mark&FOLL))
+					xfol(r->link);
+				if(!(r->cond->mark&FOLL))
+					print("cant happen 2\n");
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+		a = AJMP;
+		q = prg();
+		q->as = a;
+		q->line = p->line;
+		q->to.type = D_BRANCH;
+		q->to.offset = p->pc;
+		q->cond = p;
+		p = q;
+	}
+	p->mark |= FOLL;
+	lastp->link = p;
+	lastp = p;
+	if(a == AJMP || a == ARET || a == ARFE){
+		if(p->mark & NOSCHED){
+			p = p->link;
+			goto loop;
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+	if(p->cond != P)
+	if(a != AJAL && p->link != P) {
+		xfol(p->link);
+		p = p->cond;
+		if(p == P || (p->mark&FOLL))
+			return;
+		goto loop;
+	}
+	p = p->link;
+	goto loop;
+}
+
+void
+patch(void)
+{
+	long c, vexit;
+	Prog *p, *q;
+	Sym *s;
+	int a;
+
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f patch\n", cputime());
+	Bflush(&bso);
+	mkfwd();
+	s = lookup("exit", 0);
+	vexit = s->value;
+	for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		a = p->as;
+		if(a == ATEXT)
+			curtext = p;
+		if((a == AJAL || a == AJMP || a == ARET) &&
+		   p->to.type != D_BRANCH && p->to.sym != S) {
+			s = p->to.sym;
+			if(s->type != STEXT) {
+				diag("undefined: %s\n%P", s->name, p);
+				s->type = STEXT;
+				s->value = vexit;
+			}
+			p->to.offset = s->value;
+			p->to.type = D_BRANCH;
+		}
+		if(p->to.type != D_BRANCH)
+			continue;
+		c = p->to.offset;
+		for(q = firstp; q != P;) {
+			if(q->forwd != P)
+			if(c >= q->forwd->pc) {
+				q = q->forwd;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if(c == q->pc)
+				break;
+			q = q->link;
+		}
+		if(q == P) {
+			diag("branch out of range %ld\n%P", c, p);
+			p->to.type = D_NONE;
+		}
+		p->cond = q;
+	}
+
+	for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		if(p->as == ATEXT)
+			curtext = p;
+		if(p->cond != P) {
+			p->cond = brloop(p->cond);
+			if(p->cond != P)
+			if(p->to.type == D_BRANCH)
+				p->to.offset = p->cond->pc;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+#define	LOG	5
+void
+mkfwd(void)
+{
+	Prog *p;
+	long dwn[LOG], cnt[LOG], i;
+	Prog *lst[LOG];
+
+	for(i=0; i<LOG; i++) {
+		if(i == 0)
+			cnt[i] = 1; else
+			cnt[i] = LOG * cnt[i-1];
+		dwn[i] = 1;
+		lst[i] = P;
+	}
+	i = 0;
+	for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		if(p->as == ATEXT)
+			curtext = p;
+		i--;
+		if(i < 0)
+			i = LOG-1;
+		p->forwd = P;
+		dwn[i]--;
+		if(dwn[i] <= 0) {
+			dwn[i] = cnt[i];
+			if(lst[i] != P)
+				lst[i]->forwd = p;
+			lst[i] = p;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+Prog*
+brloop(Prog *p)
+{
+	Prog *q;
+	int c;
+
+	for(c=0; p!=P;) {
+		if(p->as != AJMP || (p->mark&NOSCHED))
+			return p;
+		q = p->cond;
+		if(q <= p) {
+			c++;
+			if(q == p || c > 5000)
+				break;
+		}
+		p = q;
+	}
+	return P;
+}
+
+long
+atolwhex(char *s)
+{
+	long n;
+	int f;
+
+	n = 0;
+	f = 0;
+	while(*s == ' ' || *s == '\t')
+		s++;
+	if(*s == '-' || *s == '+') {
+		if(*s++ == '-')
+			f = 1;
+		while(*s == ' ' || *s == '\t')
+			s++;
+	}
+	if(s[0]=='0' && s[1]){
+		if(s[1]=='x' || s[1]=='X'){
+			s += 2;
+			for(;;){
+				if(*s >= '0' && *s <= '9')
+					n = n*16 + *s++ - '0';
+				else if(*s >= 'a' && *s <= 'f')
+					n = n*16 + *s++ - 'a' + 10;
+				else if(*s >= 'A' && *s <= 'F')
+					n = n*16 + *s++ - 'A' + 10;
+				else
+					break;
+			}
+		} else
+			while(*s >= '0' && *s <= '7')
+				n = n*8 + *s++ - '0';
+	} else
+		while(*s >= '0' && *s <= '9')
+			n = n*10 + *s++ - '0';
+	if(f)
+		n = -n;
+	return n;
+}
+
+long
+rnd(long v, long r)
+{
+	long c;
+
+	if(r <= 0)
+		return v;
+	v += r - 1;
+	c = v % r;
+	if(c < 0)
+		c += r;
+	v -= c;
+	return v;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/vl/sched.c b/sys/src/cmd/vl/sched.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..efa88a755
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/vl/sched.c
@@ -0,0 +1,695 @@
+#include	"l.h"
+
+enum
+{
+	E_HILO	= 1<<0,
+	E_FCR	= 1<<1,
+	E_MCR	= 1<<2,
+	E_MEM	= 1<<3,
+	E_MEMSP	= 1<<4,	/* uses offset and size */
+	E_MEMSB	= 1<<5,	/* uses offset and size */
+	ANYMEM	= E_MEM|E_MEMSP|E_MEMSB,
+	DELAY	= BRANCH|LOAD|FCMP,
+};
+
+typedef	struct	Sch	Sch;
+typedef	struct	Dep	Dep;
+
+struct	Dep
+{
+	ulong	ireg;
+	ulong	freg;
+	ulong	cc;
+};
+struct	Sch
+{
+	Prog	p;
+	Dep	set;
+	Dep	used;
+	long	soffset;
+	char	size;
+	char	nop;
+	char	comp;
+};
+
+void	regsused(Sch*, Prog*);
+int	depend(Sch*, Sch*);
+int	conflict(Sch*, Sch*);
+int	offoverlap(Sch*, Sch*);
+void	dumpbits(Sch*, Dep*);
+
+void
+sched(Prog *p0, Prog *pe)
+{
+	Prog *p, *q;
+	Sch sch[NSCHED], *s, *t, *u, *se, stmp;
+
+	/*
+	 * build side structure
+	 */
+	s = sch;
+	for(p=p0;; p=p->link) {
+		memset(s, 0, sizeof(*s));
+		s->p = *p;
+		regsused(s, p);
+		if(debug['X']) {
+			Bprint(&bso, "%P\t\tset", &s->p);
+			dumpbits(s, &s->set);
+			Bprint(&bso, "; used");
+			dumpbits(s, &s->used);
+			if(s->comp)
+				Bprint(&bso, "; compound");
+			if(s->p.mark & LOAD)
+				Bprint(&bso, "; load");
+			if(s->p.mark & BRANCH)
+				Bprint(&bso, "; branch");
+			if(s->p.mark & FCMP)
+				Bprint(&bso, "; fcmp");
+			Bprint(&bso, "\n");
+		}
+		if(p == pe)
+			break;
+		s++;
+	}
+	se = s;
+
+	/*
+	 * prepass to move things around
+	 * does nothing, but tries to make
+	 * the actual scheduler work better
+	 */
+	for(s=sch; s<=se; s++) {
+		if(!(s->p.mark & LOAD))
+			continue;
+		/* always good to put nonconflict loads together */
+		for(t=s+1; t<=se; t++) {
+			if(!(t->p.mark & LOAD))
+				continue;
+			if(t->p.mark & BRANCH)
+				break;
+			if(conflict(s, t))
+				break;
+			for(u=t-1; u>s; u--)
+				if(depend(u, t))
+					goto no11;
+			u = s+1;
+			stmp = *t;
+			memmove(s+2, u, (uchar*)t - (uchar*)u);
+			*u = stmp;
+			break;
+		}
+	no11:
+
+		/* put schedule fodder above load */
+		for(t=s+1; t<=se; t++) {
+			if(t->p.mark & BRANCH)
+				break;
+			if(s > sch && conflict(s-1, t))
+				continue;
+			for(u=t-1; u>=s; u--)
+				if(depend(t, u))
+					goto no1;
+			stmp = *t;
+			memmove(s+1, s, (uchar*)t - (uchar*)s);
+			*s = stmp;
+			if(!(s->p.mark & LOAD))
+				break;
+		no1:;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for(s=se; s>=sch; s--) {
+		if(!(s->p.mark & DELAY))
+			continue;
+		if(s < se)
+			if(!conflict(s, s+1))
+				goto out3;
+		/*
+		 * s is load, s+1 is immediate use of result or end of block
+		 * t is the trial instruction to insert between s and s+1
+		 */
+		if(!debug['Y'])
+		for(t=s-1; t>=sch; t--) {
+			if(t->comp)
+				if(s->p.mark & BRANCH)
+					goto no2;
+			if(t->p.mark & DELAY)
+				if(s >= se || conflict(t, s+1))
+					goto no2;
+			for(u=t+1; u<=s; u++)
+				if(depend(u, t))
+					goto no2;
+			goto out2;
+		no2:;
+		}
+		if(debug['X'])
+			Bprint(&bso, "?l%P\n", &s->p);
+		s->nop = 1;
+		if(debug['v']) {
+			if(s->p.mark & LOAD) {
+				nop.load.count++;
+				nop.load.outof++;
+			}
+			if(s->p.mark & BRANCH) {
+				nop.branch.count++;
+				nop.branch.outof++;
+			}
+			if(s->p.mark & FCMP) {
+				nop.fcmp.count++;
+				nop.fcmp.outof++;
+			}
+		}
+		continue;
+
+	out2:
+		if(debug['X']) {
+			Bprint(&bso, "!l%P\n", &t->p);
+			Bprint(&bso, "%P\n", &s->p);
+		}
+		stmp = *t;
+		memmove(t, t+1, (uchar*)s - (uchar*)t);
+		*s = stmp;
+		s--;
+
+	out3:
+		if(debug['v']) {
+			if(s->p.mark & LOAD)
+				nop.load.outof++;
+			if(s->p.mark & BRANCH)
+				nop.branch.outof++;
+			if(s->p.mark & FCMP)
+				nop.fcmp.outof++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Avoid HI/LO use->set */
+	t = sch+1;
+	for(s=sch; s<se-1; s++, t++) {
+		if((s->used.cc & E_HILO) == 0)
+			continue;
+		if(t->set.cc & E_HILO)
+			s->nop = 2;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * put it all back
+	 */
+	for(s=sch, p=p0; s<=se; s++, p=q) {
+		q = p->link;
+		if(q != s->p.link) {
+			*p = s->p;
+			p->link = q;
+		}
+		while(s->nop--)
+			addnop(p);
+	}
+	if(debug['X']) {
+		Bprint(&bso, "\n");
+		Bflush(&bso);
+	}
+}
+
+void
+regsused(Sch *s, Prog *realp)
+{
+	int c, ar, ad, ld, sz;
+	ulong m;
+	Prog *p;
+
+	p = &s->p;
+	s->comp = compound(p);
+	s->nop = 0;
+	if(s->comp) {
+		s->set.ireg |= 1<<REGTMP;
+		s->used.ireg |= 1<<REGTMP;
+	}
+
+	ar = 0;		/* dest is really reference */
+	ad = 0;		/* source/dest is really address */
+	ld = 0;		/* opcode is load instruction */
+	sz = 20;	/* size of load/store for overlap computation */
+
+/*
+ * flags based on opcode
+ */
+	switch(p->as) {
+	case ATEXT:
+		curtext = realp;
+		autosize = p->to.offset + 4;
+		ad = 1;
+		break;
+	case AJAL:
+		c = p->reg;
+		if(c == NREG)
+			c = REGLINK;
+		s->set.ireg |= 1<<c;
+		ar = 1;
+		ad = 1;
+		break;
+	case ABGEZAL:
+	case ABLTZAL:
+		s->set.ireg |= 1<<REGLINK;
+	case ABEQ:
+	case ABGEZ:
+	case ABGTZ:
+	case ABLEZ:
+	case ABLTZ:
+	case ABNE:
+		ar = 1;
+		ad = 1;
+		break;
+	case ABFPT:
+	case ABFPF:
+		ad = 1;
+		s->used.cc |= E_FCR;
+		break;
+	case ACMPEQD:
+	case ACMPEQF:
+	case ACMPGED:
+	case ACMPGEF:
+	case ACMPGTD:
+	case ACMPGTF:
+		ar = 1;
+		s->set.cc |= E_FCR;
+		p->mark |= FCMP;
+		break;
+	case AJMP:
+		ar = 1;
+		ad = 1;
+		break;
+	case AMOVB:
+	case AMOVBU:
+		sz = 1;
+		ld = 1;
+		break;
+	case AMOVH:
+	case AMOVHU:
+		sz = 2;
+		ld = 1;
+		break;
+	case AMOVF:
+	case AMOVW:
+	case AMOVWL:
+	case AMOVWR:
+		sz = 4;
+		ld = 1;
+		break;
+	case AMOVD:
+	case AMOVV:
+	case AMOVVL:
+	case AMOVVR:
+		sz = 8;
+		ld = 1;
+		break;
+	case ADIV:
+	case ADIVU:
+	case AMUL:
+	case AMULU:
+	case AREM:
+	case AREMU:
+		s->set.cc = E_HILO;
+	case AADD:
+	case AADDU:
+	case AAND:
+	case ANOR:
+	case AOR:
+	case ASGT:
+	case ASGTU:
+	case ASLL:
+	case ASRA:
+	case ASRL:
+	case ASUB:
+	case ASUBU:
+	case AXOR:
+
+	case AADDD:
+	case AADDF:
+	case AADDW:
+	case ASUBD:
+	case ASUBF:
+	case ASUBW:
+	case AMULF:
+	case AMULD:
+	case AMULW:
+	case ADIVF:
+	case ADIVD:
+	case ADIVW:
+		if(p->reg == NREG) {
+			if(p->to.type == D_REG || p->to.type == D_FREG)
+				p->reg = p->to.reg;
+			if(p->reg == NREG)
+				print("botch %P\n", p);
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+
+/*
+ * flags based on 'to' field
+ */
+	c = p->to.class;
+	if(c == 0) {
+		c = aclass(&p->to) + 1;
+		p->to.class = c;
+	}
+	c--;
+	switch(c) {
+	default:
+		print("unknown class %d %D\n", c, &p->to);
+
+	case C_ZCON:
+	case C_SCON:
+	case C_ADD0CON:
+	case C_AND0CON:
+	case C_ADDCON:
+	case C_ANDCON:
+	case C_UCON:
+	case C_LCON:
+	case C_NONE:
+	case C_SBRA:
+	case C_LBRA:
+		break;
+
+	case C_HI:
+	case C_LO:
+		s->set.cc |= E_HILO;
+		break;
+	case C_FCREG:
+		s->set.cc |= E_FCR;
+		break;
+	case C_MREG:
+		s->set.cc |= E_MCR;
+		break;
+	case C_ZOREG:
+	case C_SOREG:
+	case C_LOREG:
+		c = p->to.reg;
+		s->used.ireg |= 1<<c;
+		if(ad)
+			break;
+		s->size = sz;
+		s->soffset = regoff(&p->to);
+
+		m = ANYMEM;
+		if(c == REGSB)
+			m = E_MEMSB;
+		if(c == REGSP)
+			m = E_MEMSP;
+
+		if(ar)
+			s->used.cc |= m;
+		else
+			s->set.cc |= m;
+		break;
+	case C_SACON:
+	case C_LACON:
+		s->used.ireg |= 1<<REGSP;
+		break;
+	case C_SECON:
+	case C_LECON:
+		s->used.ireg |= 1<<REGSB;
+		break;
+	case C_REG:
+		if(ar)
+			s->used.ireg |= 1<<p->to.reg;
+		else
+			s->set.ireg |= 1<<p->to.reg;
+		break;
+	case C_FREG:
+		/* do better -- determine double prec */
+		if(ar) {
+			s->used.freg |= 1<<p->to.reg;
+			s->used.freg |= 1<<(p->to.reg|1);
+		} else {
+			s->set.freg |= 1<<p->to.reg;
+			s->set.freg |= 1<<(p->to.reg|1);
+		}
+		if(ld && p->from.type == D_REG)
+			p->mark |= LOAD;
+		break;
+	case C_SAUTO:
+	case C_LAUTO:
+		s->used.ireg |= 1<<REGSP;
+		if(ad)
+			break;
+		s->size = sz;
+		s->soffset = regoff(&p->to);
+
+		if(ar)
+			s->used.cc |= E_MEMSP;
+		else
+			s->set.cc |= E_MEMSP;
+		break;
+	case C_SEXT:
+	case C_LEXT:
+		s->used.ireg |= 1<<REGSB;
+		if(ad)
+			break;
+		s->size = sz;
+		s->soffset = regoff(&p->to);
+
+		if(ar)
+			s->used.cc |= E_MEMSB;
+		else
+			s->set.cc |= E_MEMSB;
+		break;
+	}
+
+/*
+ * flags based on 'from' field
+ */
+	c = p->from.class;
+	if(c == 0) {
+		c = aclass(&p->from) + 1;
+		p->from.class = c;
+	}
+	c--;
+	switch(c) {
+	default:
+		print("unknown class %d %D\n", c, &p->from);
+
+	case C_ZCON:
+	case C_SCON:
+	case C_ADD0CON:
+	case C_AND0CON:
+	case C_ADDCON:
+	case C_ANDCON:
+	case C_UCON:
+	case C_LCON:
+	case C_NONE:
+	case C_SBRA:
+	case C_LBRA:
+		break;
+	case C_HI:
+	case C_LO:
+		s->used.cc |= E_HILO;
+		break;
+	case C_FCREG:
+		s->used.cc |= E_FCR;
+		break;
+	case C_MREG:
+		s->used.cc |= E_MCR;
+		break;
+	case C_ZOREG:
+	case C_SOREG:
+	case C_LOREG:
+		c = p->from.reg;
+		s->used.ireg |= 1<<c;
+		if(ld)
+			p->mark |= LOAD;
+		s->size = sz;
+		s->soffset = regoff(&p->from);
+
+		m = ANYMEM;
+		if(c == REGSB)
+			m = E_MEMSB;
+		if(c == REGSP)
+			m = E_MEMSP;
+
+		s->used.cc |= m;
+		break;
+	case C_SACON:
+	case C_LACON:
+		s->used.ireg |= 1<<REGSP;
+		break;
+	case C_SECON:
+	case C_LECON:
+		s->used.ireg |= 1<<REGSB;
+		break;
+	case C_REG:
+		s->used.ireg |= 1<<p->from.reg;
+		break;
+	case C_FREG:
+		/* do better -- determine double prec */
+		s->used.freg |= 1<<p->from.reg;
+		s->used.freg |= 1<<(p->from.reg|1);
+		if(ld && p->to.type == D_REG)
+			p->mark |= LOAD;
+		break;
+	case C_SAUTO:
+	case C_LAUTO:
+		s->used.ireg |= 1<<REGSP;
+		if(ld)
+			p->mark |= LOAD;
+		if(ad)
+			break;
+		s->size = sz;
+		s->soffset = regoff(&p->from);
+
+		s->used.cc |= E_MEMSP;
+		break;
+	case C_SEXT:
+	case C_LEXT:
+		s->used.ireg |= 1<<REGSB;
+		if(ld)
+			p->mark |= LOAD;
+		if(ad)
+			break;
+		s->size = sz;
+		s->soffset = regoff(&p->from);
+
+		s->used.cc |= E_MEMSB;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	c = p->reg;
+	if(c != NREG) {
+		if(p->from.type == D_FREG || p->to.type == D_FREG) {
+			s->used.freg |= 1<<c;
+			s->used.freg |= 1<<(c|1);
+		} else
+			s->used.ireg |= 1<<c;
+	}
+	s->set.ireg &= ~(1<<REGZERO);		/* R0 cant be set */
+}
+
+/*
+ * test to see if 2 instrictions can be
+ * interchanged without changing semantics
+ */
+int
+depend(Sch *sa, Sch *sb)
+{
+	ulong x;
+
+	if(sa->set.ireg & (sb->set.ireg|sb->used.ireg))
+		return 1;
+	if(sb->set.ireg & sa->used.ireg)
+		return 1;
+
+	if(sa->set.freg & (sb->set.freg|sb->used.freg))
+		return 1;
+	if(sb->set.freg & sa->used.freg)
+		return 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * special case.
+	 * loads from same address cannot pass.
+	 * this is for hardware fifo's and the like
+	 */
+	if(sa->used.cc & sb->used.cc & E_MEM)
+		if(sa->p.reg == sb->p.reg)
+		if(regoff(&sa->p.from) == regoff(&sb->p.from))
+			return 1;
+
+	x = (sa->set.cc & (sb->set.cc|sb->used.cc)) |
+		(sb->set.cc & sa->used.cc);
+	if(x) {
+		/*
+		 * allow SB and SP to pass each other.
+		 * allow SB to pass SB iff doffsets are ok
+		 * anything else conflicts
+		 */
+		if(x != E_MEMSP && x != E_MEMSB)
+			return 1;
+		x = sa->set.cc | sb->set.cc |
+			sa->used.cc | sb->used.cc;
+		if(x & E_MEM)
+			return 1;
+		if(offoverlap(sa, sb))
+			return 1;
+	}
+
+	return 0; 
+}
+
+int
+offoverlap(Sch *sa, Sch *sb)
+{
+
+	if(sa->soffset < sb->soffset) {
+		if(sa->soffset+sa->size > sb->soffset)
+			return 1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if(sb->soffset+sb->size > sa->soffset)
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * test 2 adjacent instructions
+ * and find out if inserted instructions
+ * are desired to prevent stalls.
+ */
+int
+conflict(Sch *sa, Sch *sb)
+{
+
+	if(sa->set.ireg & sb->used.ireg)
+		return 1;
+	if(sa->set.freg & sb->used.freg)
+		return 1;
+	if(sa->set.cc & sb->used.cc)
+		return 1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int
+compound(Prog *p)
+{
+	Optab *o;
+
+	o = oplook(p);
+	if(o->size != 4)
+		return 1;
+	if(p->to.type == D_REG && p->to.reg == REGSB)
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void
+dumpbits(Sch *s, Dep *d)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for(i=0; i<32; i++)
+		if(d->ireg & (1<<i))
+			Bprint(&bso, " R%d", i);
+	for(i=0; i<32; i++)
+		if(d->freg & (1<<i))
+			Bprint(&bso, " F%d", i);
+	for(i=0; i<32; i++)
+		switch(d->cc & (1<<i)) {
+		default:
+			break;
+		case E_HILO:
+			Bprint(&bso, " HILO");
+			break;
+		case E_FCR:
+			Bprint(&bso, " FCR");
+			break;
+		case E_MCR:
+			Bprint(&bso, " MCR");
+			break;
+		case E_MEM:
+			Bprint(&bso, " MEM%d", s->size);
+			break;
+		case E_MEMSB:
+			Bprint(&bso, " SB%d", s->size);
+			break;
+		case E_MEMSP:
+			Bprint(&bso, " SP%d", s->size);
+			break;
+		}
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/vl/span.c b/sys/src/cmd/vl/span.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..706d8b0ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/vl/span.c
@@ -0,0 +1,662 @@
+#include	"l.h"
+
+void
+pagebug(Prog *p)
+{
+	Prog *q;
+
+	switch(p->as) {
+	case ABGEZAL:
+	case ABLTZAL:
+	case AJAL:
+	case ABEQ:
+	case ABGEZ:
+	case ABGTZ:
+	case ABLEZ:
+	case ABLTZ:
+	case ABNE:
+	case ABFPT:
+	case ABFPF:
+	case AJMP:
+		q = prg();
+		*q = *p;
+		p->link = q;
+		p->as = ANOR;
+		p->optab = 0;
+		p->from = zprg.from;
+		p->from.type = D_REG;
+		p->from.reg = REGZERO;
+		p->to = p->from;
+	}
+}
+
+void
+span(void)
+{
+	Prog *p, *q;
+	Sym *setext, *s;
+	Optab *o;
+	int m, bflag, i;
+	long c, otxt, v;
+
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f span\n", cputime());
+	Bflush(&bso);
+
+	bflag = 0;
+	c = INITTEXT;
+	otxt = c;
+	for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p->link) {
+		/* bug in early 4000 chips delayslot on page boundary */
+		if((c&(0x1000-1)) == 0xffc)
+			pagebug(p);
+		p->pc = c;
+		o = oplook(p);
+		m = o->size;
+		if(m == 0) {
+			if(p->as == ATEXT) {
+				curtext = p;
+				autosize = p->to.offset + 4;
+				if(p->from.sym != S)
+					p->from.sym->value = c;
+				/* need passes to resolve branches */
+				if(c-otxt >= 1L<<17)
+					bflag = 1;
+				otxt = c;
+				continue;
+			}
+			diag("zero-width instruction\n%P", p);
+			continue;
+		}
+		c += m;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * if any procedure is large enough to
+	 * generate a large SBRA branch, then
+	 * generate extra passes putting branches
+	 * around jmps to fix. this is rare.
+	 */
+	while(bflag) {
+		if(debug['v'])
+			Bprint(&bso, "%5.2f span1\n", cputime());
+		bflag = 0;
+		c = INITTEXT;
+		for(p = firstp; p != P; p = p->link) {
+			/* bug in early 4000 chips delayslot on page boundary */
+			if((c&(0x1000-1)) == 0xffc)
+				pagebug(p);
+			p->pc = c;
+			o = oplook(p);
+			if(o->type == 6 && p->cond) {
+				otxt = p->cond->pc - c;
+				if(otxt < 0)
+					otxt = -otxt;
+				if(otxt >= (1L<<17) - 10) {
+					q = prg();
+					q->link = p->link;
+					p->link = q;
+					q->as = AJMP;
+					q->to.type = D_BRANCH;
+					q->cond = p->cond;
+					p->cond = q;
+					q = prg();
+					q->link = p->link;
+					p->link = q;
+					q->as = AJMP;
+					q->to.type = D_BRANCH;
+					q->cond = q->link->link;
+					addnop(p->link);
+					addnop(p);
+					bflag = 1;
+				}
+			}
+			m = o->size;
+			if(m == 0) {
+				if(p->as == ATEXT) {
+					curtext = p;
+					autosize = p->to.offset + 4;
+					if(p->from.sym != S)
+						p->from.sym->value = c;
+					continue;
+				}
+				diag("zero-width instruction\n%P", p);
+				continue;
+			}
+			c += m;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if(debug['t']) {
+		/* 
+		 * add strings to text segment
+		 */
+		c = rnd(c, 8);
+		for(i=0; i<NHASH; i++)
+		for(s = hash[i]; s != S; s = s->link) {
+			if(s->type != SSTRING)
+				continue;
+			v = s->value;
+			while(v & 3)
+				v++;
+			s->value = c;
+			c += v;
+		}
+	}
+
+	c = rnd(c, 8);
+
+	setext = lookup("etext", 0);
+	if(setext != S) {
+		setext->value = c;
+		textsize = c - INITTEXT;
+	}
+	if(INITRND)
+		INITDAT = rnd(c, INITRND);
+	if(debug['v'])
+		Bprint(&bso, "tsize = %lux\n", textsize);
+	Bflush(&bso);
+}
+		
+void
+xdefine(char *p, int t, long v)
+{
+	Sym *s;
+
+	s = lookup(p, 0);
+	if(s->type == 0 || s->type == SXREF) {
+		s->type = t;
+		s->value = v;
+	}
+}
+
+long
+regoff(Adr *a)
+{
+
+	instoffset = 0;
+	aclass(a);
+	return instoffset;
+}
+
+aclass(Adr *a)
+{
+	Sym *s;
+	int t;
+
+	switch(a->type) {
+	case D_NONE:
+		return C_NONE;
+
+	case D_REG:
+		return C_REG;
+
+	case D_FREG:
+		return C_FREG;
+
+	case D_FCREG:
+		return C_FCREG;
+
+	case D_MREG:
+		return C_MREG;
+
+	case D_OREG:
+		switch(a->name) {
+		case D_EXTERN:
+		case D_STATIC:
+			if(a->sym == 0 || a->sym->name == 0) {
+				print("null sym external\n");
+				print("%D\n", a);
+				return C_GOK;
+			}
+			t = a->sym->type;
+			if(t == 0 || t == SXREF) {
+				diag("undefined external: %s in %s",
+					a->sym->name, TNAME);
+				a->sym->type = SDATA;
+			}
+			instoffset = a->sym->value + a->offset - BIG;
+			if(instoffset >= -BIG && instoffset < BIG)
+				return C_SEXT;
+			return C_LEXT;
+		case D_AUTO:
+			instoffset = autosize + a->offset;
+			if(instoffset >= -BIG && instoffset < BIG)
+				return C_SAUTO;
+			return C_LAUTO;
+
+		case D_PARAM:
+			instoffset = autosize + a->offset + 4L;
+			if(instoffset >= -BIG && instoffset < BIG)
+				return C_SAUTO;
+			return C_LAUTO;
+		case D_NONE:
+			instoffset = a->offset;
+			if(instoffset == 0)
+				return C_ZOREG;
+			if(instoffset >= -BIG && instoffset < BIG)
+				return C_SOREG;
+			return C_LOREG;
+		}
+		return C_GOK;
+
+	case D_HI:
+		return C_LO;
+	case D_LO:
+		return C_HI;
+
+	case D_OCONST:
+		switch(a->name) {
+		case D_EXTERN:
+		case D_STATIC:
+			s = a->sym;
+			t = s->type;
+			if(t == 0 || t == SXREF) {
+				diag("undefined external: %s in %s",
+					s->name, TNAME);
+				s->type = SDATA;
+			}
+			instoffset = s->value + a->offset + INITDAT;
+			if(s->type == STEXT || s->type == SLEAF)
+				instoffset = s->value + a->offset;
+			return C_LCON;
+		}
+		return C_GOK;
+
+	case D_CONST:
+		switch(a->name) {
+
+		case D_NONE:
+			instoffset = a->offset;
+		consize:
+			if(instoffset > 0) {
+				if(instoffset <= 0x7fff)
+					return C_SCON;
+				if(instoffset <= 0xffff)
+					return C_ANDCON;
+				if((instoffset & 0xffff) == 0)
+					return C_UCON;
+				return C_LCON;
+			}
+			if(instoffset == 0)
+				return C_ZCON;
+			if(instoffset >= -0x8000)
+				return C_ADDCON;
+			if((instoffset & 0xffff) == 0)
+				return C_UCON;
+			return C_LCON;
+
+		case D_EXTERN:
+		case D_STATIC:
+			s = a->sym;
+			if(s == S)
+				break;
+			t = s->type;
+			switch(t) {
+			case 0:
+			case SXREF:
+				diag("undefined external: %s in %s",
+					s->name, TNAME);
+				s->type = SDATA;
+				break;
+			case SCONST:
+				instoffset = s->value + a->offset;
+				goto consize;
+			case STEXT:
+			case SLEAF:
+			case SSTRING:
+				instoffset = s->value + a->offset;
+				return C_LCON;
+			}
+			instoffset = s->value + a->offset - BIG;
+			if(instoffset >= -BIG && instoffset < BIG && instoffset != 0L)
+				return C_SECON;
+			instoffset = s->value + a->offset + INITDAT;
+			return C_LCON;
+
+		case D_AUTO:
+			instoffset = autosize + a->offset;
+			if(instoffset >= -BIG && instoffset < BIG)
+				return C_SACON;
+			return C_LACON;
+
+		case D_PARAM:
+			instoffset = autosize + a->offset + 4L;
+			if(instoffset >= -BIG && instoffset < BIG)
+				return C_SACON;
+			return C_LACON;
+		}
+		return C_GOK;
+
+	case D_BRANCH:
+		return C_SBRA;
+	}
+	return C_GOK;
+}
+
+Optab*
+oplook(Prog *p)
+{
+	int a1, a2, a3, r;
+	char *c1, *c3;
+	Optab *o, *e;
+
+	a1 = p->optab;
+	if(a1)
+		return optab+(a1-1);
+	a1 = p->from.class;
+	if(a1 == 0) {
+		a1 = aclass(&p->from) + 1;
+		p->from.class = a1;
+	}
+	a1--;
+	a3 = p->to.class;
+	if(a3 == 0) {
+		a3 = aclass(&p->to) + 1;
+		p->to.class = a3;
+	}
+	a3--;
+	a2 = C_NONE;
+	if(p->reg != NREG)
+		a2 = C_REG;
+	r = p->as;
+	o = oprange[r].start;
+	if(o == 0) {
+		a1 = opcross[repop[r]][a1][a2][a3];
+		if(a1) {
+			p->optab = a1+1;
+			return optab+a1;
+		}
+		o = oprange[r].stop; /* just generate an error */
+	}
+	e = oprange[r].stop;
+	c1 = xcmp[a1];
+	c3 = xcmp[a3];
+	for(; o<e; o++)
+		if(o->a2 == a2)
+		if(c1[o->a1])
+		if(c3[o->a3]) {
+			p->optab = (o-optab)+1;
+			return o;
+		}
+	diag("illegal combination %A %d %d %d",
+		p->as, a1, a2, a3);
+	if(!debug['a'])
+		prasm(p);
+	o = optab;
+	p->optab = (o-optab)+1;
+	return o;
+}
+
+int
+cmp(int a, int b)
+{
+
+	if(a == b)
+		return 1;
+	switch(a) {
+	case C_LCON:
+		if(b == C_ZCON || b == C_SCON || b == C_UCON ||
+		   b == C_ADDCON || b == C_ANDCON)
+			return 1;
+		break;
+	case C_ADD0CON:
+		if(b == C_ADDCON)
+			return 1;
+	case C_ADDCON:
+		if(b == C_ZCON || b == C_SCON)
+			return 1;
+		break;
+	case C_AND0CON:
+		if(b == C_ANDCON)
+			return 1;
+	case C_ANDCON:
+		if(b == C_ZCON || b == C_SCON)
+			return 1;
+		break;
+	case C_UCON:
+		if(b == C_ZCON)
+			return 1;
+		break;
+	case C_SCON:
+		if(b == C_ZCON)
+			return 1;
+		break;
+	case C_LACON:
+		if(b == C_SACON)
+			return 1;
+		break;
+	case C_LBRA:
+		if(b == C_SBRA)
+			return 1;
+		break;
+	case C_LEXT:
+		if(b == C_SEXT)
+			return 1;
+		break;
+	case C_LAUTO:
+		if(b == C_SAUTO)
+			return 1;
+		break;
+	case C_REG:
+		if(b == C_ZCON)
+			return 1;
+		break;
+	case C_LOREG:
+		if(b == C_ZOREG || b == C_SOREG)
+			return 1;
+		break;
+	case C_SOREG:
+		if(b == C_ZOREG)
+			return 1;
+		break;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int
+ocmp(const void *a1, const void *a2)
+{
+	Optab *p1, *p2;
+	int n;
+
+	p1 = (Optab*)a1;
+	p2 = (Optab*)a2;
+	n = p1->as - p2->as;
+	if(n)
+		return n;
+	n = p1->a1 - p2->a1;
+	if(n)
+		return n;
+	n = p1->a2 - p2->a2;
+	if(n)
+		return n;
+	n = p1->a3 - p2->a3;
+	if(n)
+		return n;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void
+buildop(void)
+{
+	int i, n, r;
+
+	for(i=0; i<32; i++)
+		for(n=0; n<32; n++)
+			xcmp[i][n] = cmp(n, i);
+	for(n=0; optab[n].as != AXXX; n++)
+		;
+	qsort(optab, n, sizeof(optab[0]), ocmp);
+	for(i=0; i<n; i++) {
+		r = optab[i].as;
+		oprange[r].start = optab+i;
+		while(optab[i].as == r)
+			i++;
+		oprange[r].stop = optab+i;
+		i--;
+		
+		switch(r)
+		{
+		default:
+			diag("unknown op in build: %A", r);
+			errorexit();
+		case AABSF:
+			oprange[AMOVFD] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[AMOVDF] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[AMOVWF] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[AMOVFW] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[AMOVWD] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[AMOVDW] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[ANEGF] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[ANEGD] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[AABSD] = oprange[r];
+			break;
+		case AADD:
+			buildrep(1, AADD);
+			oprange[ASGT] = oprange[r];
+			repop[ASGT] = 1;
+			oprange[ASGTU] = oprange[r];
+			repop[ASGTU] = 1;
+			oprange[AADDU] = oprange[r];
+			repop[AADDU] = 1;
+			oprange[AADDVU] = oprange[r];
+			repop[AADDVU] = 1;
+			break;
+		case AADDF:
+			oprange[ADIVF] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[ADIVD] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[AMULF] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[AMULD] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[ASUBF] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[ASUBD] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[AADDD] = oprange[r];
+			break;
+		case AAND:
+			buildrep(2, AAND);
+			oprange[AXOR] = oprange[r];
+			repop[AXOR] = 2;
+			oprange[AOR] = oprange[r];
+			repop[AOR] = 2;
+			break;
+		case ABEQ:
+			oprange[ABNE] = oprange[r];
+			break;
+		case ABLEZ:
+			oprange[ABGEZ] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[ABGEZAL] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[ABLTZ] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[ABLTZAL] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[ABGTZ] = oprange[r];
+			break;
+		case AMOVB:
+			buildrep(3, AMOVB);
+			oprange[AMOVH] = oprange[r];
+			repop[AMOVH] = 3;
+			break;
+		case AMOVBU:
+			buildrep(4, AMOVBU);
+			oprange[AMOVHU] = oprange[r];
+			repop[AMOVHU] = 4;
+			break;
+		case AMUL:
+			oprange[AREM] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[AREMU] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[ADIVU] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[AMULU] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[ADIV] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[ADIVVU] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[ADIVV] = oprange[r];
+			break;
+		case ASLL:
+			oprange[ASRL] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[ASRA] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[ASLLV] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[ASRAV] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[ASRLV] = oprange[r];
+			break;
+		case ASUB:
+			oprange[ASUBU] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[ANOR] = oprange[r];
+			break;
+		case ASYSCALL:
+			oprange[ATLBP] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[ATLBR] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[ATLBWI] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[ATLBWR] = oprange[r];
+			break;
+		case ACMPEQF:
+			oprange[ACMPGTF] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[ACMPGTD] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[ACMPGEF] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[ACMPGED] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[ACMPEQD] = oprange[r];
+			break;
+		case ABFPT:
+			oprange[ABFPF] = oprange[r];
+			break;
+		case AMOVWL:
+			oprange[AMOVWR] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[AMOVVR] = oprange[r];
+			oprange[AMOVVL] = oprange[r];
+			break;
+		case AMOVW:
+			buildrep(5, AMOVW);
+			break;
+		case AMOVD:
+			buildrep(6, AMOVD);
+			break;
+		case AMOVF:
+			buildrep(7, AMOVF);
+			break;
+		case AMOVV:
+			buildrep(8, AMOVV);
+			break;
+		case ABREAK:
+		case AWORD:
+		case ARFE:
+		case AJAL:
+		case AJMP:
+		case ATEXT:
+		case ACASE:
+		case ABCASE:
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void
+buildrep(int x, int as)
+{
+	Opcross *p;
+	Optab *e, *s, *o;
+	int a1, a2, a3, n;
+
+	if(C_NONE != 0 || C_REG != 1 || C_GOK >= 32 || x >= nelem(opcross)) {
+		diag("assumptions fail in buildrep");
+		errorexit();
+	}
+	repop[as] = x;
+	p = (opcross + x);
+	s = oprange[as].start;
+	e = oprange[as].stop;
+	for(o=e-1; o>=s; o--) {
+		n = o-optab;
+		for(a2=0; a2<2; a2++) {
+			if(a2) {
+				if(o->a2 == C_NONE)
+					continue;
+			} else
+				if(o->a2 != C_NONE)
+					continue;
+			for(a1=0; a1<32; a1++) {
+				if(!xcmp[a1][o->a1])
+					continue;
+				for(a3=0; a3<32; a3++)
+					if(xcmp[a3][o->a3])
+						(*p)[a1][a2][a3] = n;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	oprange[as].start = 0;
+}