Import sources from 2011-03-30 iso image

51 files changed, 4283 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/abort.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/abort.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b0fd74cd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/abort.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+void
+abort(void)
+{
+	while(*(int*)0)
+		;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/access.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/access.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c9fee3432
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/access.c
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+int
+access(char *name, int mode)
+{
+	int fd;
+	Dir *db;
+	static char omode[] = {
+		0,
+		OEXEC,
+		OWRITE,
+		ORDWR,
+		OREAD,
+		OEXEC,	/* only approximate */
+		ORDWR,
+		ORDWR	/* only approximate */
+	};
+
+	if(mode == AEXIST){
+		db = dirstat(name);
+		free(db);
+		if(db != nil)
+			return 0;
+		return -1;
+	}
+	fd = open(name, omode[mode&7]);
+	if(fd >= 0){
+		close(fd);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/announce.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/announce.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b2252ed21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/announce.c
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+static int	nettrans(char*, char*, int na, char*, int);
+
+enum
+{
+	Maxpath=	256,
+};
+
+/*
+ *  announce a network service.
+ */
+int
+announce(char *addr, char *dir)
+{
+	int ctl, n, m;
+	char buf[Maxpath];
+	char buf2[Maxpath];
+	char netdir[Maxpath];
+	char naddr[Maxpath];
+	char *cp;
+
+	/*
+	 *  translate the address
+	 */
+	if(nettrans(addr, naddr, sizeof(naddr), netdir, sizeof(netdir)) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	/*
+	 * get a control channel
+	 */
+	ctl = open(netdir, ORDWR);
+	if(ctl<0){
+		werrstr("announce opening %s: %r", netdir);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	cp = strrchr(netdir, '/');
+	if(cp == nil){
+		werrstr("announce arg format %s", netdir);
+		close(ctl);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	*cp = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 *  find out which line we have
+	 */
+	n = snprint(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/", netdir);
+	m = read(ctl, &buf[n], sizeof(buf)-n-1);
+	if(m <= 0){
+		werrstr("announce reading %s: %r", netdir);
+		close(ctl);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	buf[n+m] = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 *  make the call
+	 */
+	n = snprint(buf2, sizeof(buf2), "announce %s", naddr);
+	if(write(ctl, buf2, n)!=n){
+		werrstr("announce writing %s: %r", netdir);
+		close(ctl);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 *  return directory etc.
+	 */
+	if(dir){
+		strncpy(dir, buf, NETPATHLEN);
+		dir[NETPATHLEN-1] = 0;
+	}
+	return ctl;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  listen for an incoming call
+ */
+int
+listen(char *dir, char *newdir)
+{
+	int ctl, n, m;
+	char buf[Maxpath];
+	char *cp;
+
+	/*
+	 *  open listen, wait for a call
+	 */
+	snprint(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/listen", dir);
+	ctl = open(buf, ORDWR);
+	if(ctl < 0){
+		werrstr("listen opening %s: %r", buf);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 *  find out which line we have
+	 */
+	strncpy(buf, dir, sizeof(buf) - 1);
+	buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = 0;
+	cp = strrchr(buf, '/');
+	if(cp == nil){
+		close(ctl);
+		werrstr("listen arg format %s", dir);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	*++cp = 0;
+	n = cp-buf;
+	m = read(ctl, cp, sizeof(buf) - n - 1);
+	if(m <= 0){
+		close(ctl);
+		werrstr("listen reading %s/listen: %r", dir);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	buf[n+m] = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 *  return directory etc.
+	 */
+	if(newdir){
+		strncpy(newdir, buf, NETPATHLEN);
+		newdir[NETPATHLEN-1] = 0;
+	}
+	return ctl;
+
+}
+
+/*
+ *  accept a call, return an fd to the open data file
+ */
+int
+accept(int ctl, char *dir)
+{
+	char buf[Maxpath];
+	char *num;
+	long n;
+
+	num = strrchr(dir, '/');
+	if(num == nil)
+		num = dir;
+	else
+		num++;
+
+	n = snprint(buf, sizeof(buf), "accept %s", num);
+	write(ctl, buf, n); /* ignore return value, network might not need accepts */
+
+	snprint(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/data", dir);
+	return open(buf, ORDWR);
+}
+
+/*
+ *  reject a call, tell device the reason for the rejection
+ */
+int
+reject(int ctl, char *dir, char *cause)
+{
+	char buf[Maxpath];
+	char *num;
+	long n;
+
+	num = strrchr(dir, '/');
+	if(num == 0)
+		num = dir;
+	else
+		num++;
+	snprint(buf, sizeof(buf), "reject %s %s", num, cause);
+	n = strlen(buf);
+	if(write(ctl, buf, n) != n)
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  perform the identity translation (in case we can't reach cs)
+ */
+static int
+identtrans(char *netdir, char *addr, char *naddr, int na, char *file, int nf)
+{
+	char proto[Maxpath];
+	char *p;
+
+	USED(nf);
+
+	/* parse the protocol */
+	strncpy(proto, addr, sizeof(proto));
+	proto[sizeof(proto)-1] = 0;
+	p = strchr(proto, '!');
+	if(p)
+		*p++ = 0;
+
+	snprint(file, nf, "%s/%s/clone", netdir, proto);
+	strncpy(naddr, p, na);
+	naddr[na-1] = 0;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call up the connection server and get a translation
+ */
+static int
+nettrans(char *addr, char *naddr, int na, char *file, int nf)
+{
+	int i, fd;
+	char buf[Maxpath];
+	char netdir[Maxpath];
+	char *p, *p2;
+	long n;
+
+	/*
+	 *  parse, get network directory
+	 */
+	p = strchr(addr, '!');
+	if(p == 0){
+		werrstr("bad dial string: %s", addr);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if(*addr != '/'){
+		strncpy(netdir, "/net", sizeof(netdir));
+		netdir[sizeof(netdir) - 1] = 0;
+	} else {
+		for(p2 = p; *p2 != '/'; p2--)
+			;
+		i = p2 - addr;
+		if(i == 0 || i >= sizeof(netdir)){
+			werrstr("bad dial string: %s", addr);
+			return -1;
+		}
+		strncpy(netdir, addr, i);
+		netdir[i] = 0;
+		addr = p2 + 1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 *  ask the connection server
+	 */
+	snprint(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/cs", netdir);
+	fd = open(buf, ORDWR);
+	if(fd < 0)
+		return identtrans(netdir, addr, naddr, na, file, nf);
+	if(write(fd, addr, strlen(addr)) < 0){
+		close(fd);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	seek(fd, 0, 0);
+	n = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf)-1);
+	close(fd);
+	if(n <= 0)
+		return -1;
+	buf[n] = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 *  parse the reply
+	 */
+	p = strchr(buf, ' ');
+	if(p == 0)
+		return -1;
+	*p++ = 0;
+	strncpy(naddr, p, na);
+	naddr[na-1] = 0;
+
+	if(buf[0] == '/'){
+		p = strchr(buf+1, '/');
+		if(p == nil)
+			p = buf;
+		else 
+			p++;
+	}
+	snprint(file, nf, "%s/%s", netdir, p);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/convD2M.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/convD2M.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dfc0e5d79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/convD2M.c
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#include	<u.h>
+#include	<libc.h>
+#include	<fcall.h>
+
+uint
+sizeD2M(Dir *d)
+{
+	char *sv[4];
+	int i, ns;
+
+	sv[0] = d->name;
+	sv[1] = d->uid;
+	sv[2] = d->gid;
+	sv[3] = d->muid;
+
+	ns = 0;
+	for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+		if(sv[i])
+			ns += strlen(sv[i]);
+
+	return STATFIXLEN + ns;
+}
+
+uint
+convD2M(Dir *d, uchar *buf, uint nbuf)
+{
+	uchar *p, *ebuf;
+	char *sv[4];
+	int i, ns, nsv[4], ss;
+
+	if(nbuf < BIT16SZ)
+		return 0;
+
+	p = buf;
+	ebuf = buf + nbuf;
+
+	sv[0] = d->name;
+	sv[1] = d->uid;
+	sv[2] = d->gid;
+	sv[3] = d->muid;
+
+	ns = 0;
+	for(i = 0; i < 4; i++){
+		if(sv[i])
+			nsv[i] = strlen(sv[i]);
+		else
+			nsv[i] = 0;
+		ns += nsv[i];
+	}
+
+	ss = STATFIXLEN + ns;
+
+	/* set size before erroring, so user can know how much is needed */
+	/* note that length excludes count field itself */
+	PBIT16(p, ss-BIT16SZ);
+	p += BIT16SZ;
+
+	if(ss > nbuf)
+		return BIT16SZ;
+
+	PBIT16(p, d->type);
+	p += BIT16SZ;
+	PBIT32(p, d->dev);
+	p += BIT32SZ;
+	PBIT8(p, d->qid.type);
+	p += BIT8SZ;
+	PBIT32(p, d->qid.vers);
+	p += BIT32SZ;
+	PBIT64(p, d->qid.path);
+	p += BIT64SZ;
+	PBIT32(p, d->mode);
+	p += BIT32SZ;
+	PBIT32(p, d->atime);
+	p += BIT32SZ;
+	PBIT32(p, d->mtime);
+	p += BIT32SZ;
+	PBIT64(p, d->length);
+	p += BIT64SZ;
+
+	for(i = 0; i < 4; i++){
+		ns = nsv[i];
+		if(p + ns + BIT16SZ > ebuf)
+			return 0;
+		PBIT16(p, ns);
+		p += BIT16SZ;
+		if(ns)
+			memmove(p, sv[i], ns);
+		p += ns;
+	}
+
+	if(ss != p - buf)
+		return 0;
+
+	return p - buf;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/convM2D.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/convM2D.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6f4b4bd93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/convM2D.c
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#include	<u.h>
+#include	<libc.h>
+#include	<fcall.h>
+
+int
+statcheck(uchar *buf, uint nbuf)
+{
+	uchar *ebuf;
+	int i;
+
+	ebuf = buf + nbuf;
+
+	if(nbuf < STATFIXLEN || nbuf != BIT16SZ + GBIT16(buf))
+		return -1;
+
+	buf += STATFIXLEN - 4 * BIT16SZ;
+
+	for(i = 0; i < 4; i++){
+		if(buf + BIT16SZ > ebuf)
+			return -1;
+		buf += BIT16SZ + GBIT16(buf);
+	}
+
+	if(buf != ebuf)
+		return -1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static char nullstring[] = "";
+
+uint
+convM2D(uchar *buf, uint nbuf, Dir *d, char *strs)
+{
+	uchar *p, *ebuf;
+	char *sv[4];
+	int i, ns;
+
+	if(nbuf < STATFIXLEN)
+		return 0; 
+
+	p = buf;
+	ebuf = buf + nbuf;
+
+	p += BIT16SZ;	/* ignore size */
+	d->type = GBIT16(p);
+	p += BIT16SZ;
+	d->dev = GBIT32(p);
+	p += BIT32SZ;
+	d->qid.type = GBIT8(p);
+	p += BIT8SZ;
+	d->qid.vers = GBIT32(p);
+	p += BIT32SZ;
+	d->qid.path = GBIT64(p);
+	p += BIT64SZ;
+	d->mode = GBIT32(p);
+	p += BIT32SZ;
+	d->atime = GBIT32(p);
+	p += BIT32SZ;
+	d->mtime = GBIT32(p);
+	p += BIT32SZ;
+	d->length = GBIT64(p);
+	p += BIT64SZ;
+
+	for(i = 0; i < 4; i++){
+		if(p + BIT16SZ > ebuf)
+			return 0;
+		ns = GBIT16(p);
+		p += BIT16SZ;
+		if(p + ns > ebuf)
+			return 0;
+		if(strs){
+			sv[i] = strs;
+			memmove(strs, p, ns);
+			strs += ns;
+			*strs++ = '\0';
+		}
+		p += ns;
+	}
+
+	if(strs){
+		d->name = sv[0];
+		d->uid = sv[1];
+		d->gid = sv[2];
+		d->muid = sv[3];
+	}else{
+		d->name = nullstring;
+		d->uid = nullstring;
+		d->gid = nullstring;
+		d->muid = nullstring;
+	}
+	
+	return p - buf;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/convM2S.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/convM2S.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fcdcd42d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/convM2S.c
@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+#include	<u.h>
+#include	<libc.h>
+#include	<fcall.h>
+
+static
+uchar*
+gstring(uchar *p, uchar *ep, char **s)
+{
+	uint n;
+
+	if(p+BIT16SZ > ep)
+		return nil;
+	n = GBIT16(p);
+	p += BIT16SZ - 1;
+	if(p+n+1 > ep)
+		return nil;
+	/* move it down, on top of count, to make room for '\0' */
+	memmove(p, p + 1, n);
+	p[n] = '\0';
+	*s = (char*)p;
+	p += n+1;
+	return p;
+}
+
+static
+uchar*
+gqid(uchar *p, uchar *ep, Qid *q)
+{
+	if(p+QIDSZ > ep)
+		return nil;
+	q->type = GBIT8(p);
+	p += BIT8SZ;
+	q->vers = GBIT32(p);
+	p += BIT32SZ;
+	q->path = GBIT64(p);
+	p += BIT64SZ;
+	return p;
+}
+
+/*
+ * no syntactic checks.
+ * three causes for error:
+ *  1. message size field is incorrect
+ *  2. input buffer too short for its own data (counts too long, etc.)
+ *  3. too many names or qids
+ * gqid() and gstring() return nil if they would reach beyond buffer.
+ * main switch statement checks range and also can fall through
+ * to test at end of routine.
+ */
+uint
+convM2S(uchar *ap, uint nap, Fcall *f)
+{
+	uchar *p, *ep;
+	uint i, size;
+
+	p = ap;
+	ep = p + nap;
+
+	if(p+BIT32SZ+BIT8SZ+BIT16SZ > ep)
+		return 0;
+	size = GBIT32(p);
+	p += BIT32SZ;
+
+	if(size < BIT32SZ+BIT8SZ+BIT16SZ)
+		return 0;
+
+	f->type = GBIT8(p);
+	p += BIT8SZ;
+	f->tag = GBIT16(p);
+	p += BIT16SZ;
+
+	switch(f->type)
+	{
+	default:
+		return 0;
+
+	case Tversion:
+		if(p+BIT32SZ > ep)
+			return 0;
+		f->msize = GBIT32(p);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		p = gstring(p, ep, &f->version);
+		break;
+
+	case Tflush:
+		if(p+BIT16SZ > ep)
+			return 0;
+		f->oldtag = GBIT16(p);
+		p += BIT16SZ;
+		break;
+
+	case Tauth:
+		if(p+BIT32SZ > ep)
+			return 0;
+		f->afid = GBIT32(p);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		p = gstring(p, ep, &f->uname);
+		if(p == nil)
+			break;
+		p = gstring(p, ep, &f->aname);
+		if(p == nil)
+			break;
+		break;
+
+	case Tattach:
+		if(p+BIT32SZ > ep)
+			return 0;
+		f->fid = GBIT32(p);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		if(p+BIT32SZ > ep)
+			return 0;
+		f->afid = GBIT32(p);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		p = gstring(p, ep, &f->uname);
+		if(p == nil)
+			break;
+		p = gstring(p, ep, &f->aname);
+		if(p == nil)
+			break;
+		break;
+
+	case Twalk:
+		if(p+BIT32SZ+BIT32SZ+BIT16SZ > ep)
+			return 0;
+		f->fid = GBIT32(p);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		f->newfid = GBIT32(p);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		f->nwname = GBIT16(p);
+		p += BIT16SZ;
+		if(f->nwname > MAXWELEM)
+			return 0;
+		for(i=0; i<f->nwname; i++){
+			p = gstring(p, ep, &f->wname[i]);
+			if(p == nil)
+				break;
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case Topen:
+		if(p+BIT32SZ+BIT8SZ > ep)
+			return 0;
+		f->fid = GBIT32(p);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		f->mode = GBIT8(p);
+		p += BIT8SZ;
+		break;
+
+	case Tcreate:
+		if(p+BIT32SZ > ep)
+			return 0;
+		f->fid = GBIT32(p);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		p = gstring(p, ep, &f->name);
+		if(p == nil)
+			break;
+		if(p+BIT32SZ+BIT8SZ > ep)
+			return 0;
+		f->perm = GBIT32(p);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		f->mode = GBIT8(p);
+		p += BIT8SZ;
+		break;
+
+	case Tread:
+		if(p+BIT32SZ+BIT64SZ+BIT32SZ > ep)
+			return 0;
+		f->fid = GBIT32(p);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		f->offset = GBIT64(p);
+		p += BIT64SZ;
+		f->count = GBIT32(p);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		break;
+
+	case Twrite:
+		if(p+BIT32SZ+BIT64SZ+BIT32SZ > ep)
+			return 0;
+		f->fid = GBIT32(p);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		f->offset = GBIT64(p);
+		p += BIT64SZ;
+		f->count = GBIT32(p);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		if(p+f->count > ep)
+			return 0;
+		f->data = (char*)p;
+		p += f->count;
+		break;
+
+	case Tclunk:
+	case Tremove:
+		if(p+BIT32SZ > ep)
+			return 0;
+		f->fid = GBIT32(p);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		break;
+
+	case Tstat:
+		if(p+BIT32SZ > ep)
+			return 0;
+		f->fid = GBIT32(p);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		break;
+
+	case Twstat:
+		if(p+BIT32SZ+BIT16SZ > ep)
+			return 0;
+		f->fid = GBIT32(p);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		f->nstat = GBIT16(p);
+		p += BIT16SZ;
+		if(p+f->nstat > ep)
+			return 0;
+		f->stat = p;
+		p += f->nstat;
+		break;
+
+/*
+ */
+	case Rversion:
+		if(p+BIT32SZ > ep)
+			return 0;
+		f->msize = GBIT32(p);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		p = gstring(p, ep, &f->version);
+		break;
+
+	case Rerror:
+		p = gstring(p, ep, &f->ename);
+		break;
+
+	case Rflush:
+		break;
+
+	case Rauth:
+		p = gqid(p, ep, &f->aqid);
+		if(p == nil)
+			break;
+		break;
+
+	case Rattach:
+		p = gqid(p, ep, &f->qid);
+		if(p == nil)
+			break;
+		break;
+
+	case Rwalk:
+		if(p+BIT16SZ > ep)
+			return 0;
+		f->nwqid = GBIT16(p);
+		p += BIT16SZ;
+		if(f->nwqid > MAXWELEM)
+			return 0;
+		for(i=0; i<f->nwqid; i++){
+			p = gqid(p, ep, &f->wqid[i]);
+			if(p == nil)
+				break;
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case Ropen:
+	case Rcreate:
+		p = gqid(p, ep, &f->qid);
+		if(p == nil)
+			break;
+		if(p+BIT32SZ > ep)
+			return 0;
+		f->iounit = GBIT32(p);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		break;
+
+	case Rread:
+		if(p+BIT32SZ > ep)
+			return 0;
+		f->count = GBIT32(p);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		if(p+f->count > ep)
+			return 0;
+		f->data = (char*)p;
+		p += f->count;
+		break;
+
+	case Rwrite:
+		if(p+BIT32SZ > ep)
+			return 0;
+		f->count = GBIT32(p);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		break;
+
+	case Rclunk:
+	case Rremove:
+		break;
+
+	case Rstat:
+		if(p+BIT16SZ > ep)
+			return 0;
+		f->nstat = GBIT16(p);
+		p += BIT16SZ;
+		if(p+f->nstat > ep)
+			return 0;
+		f->stat = p;
+		p += f->nstat;
+		break;
+
+	case Rwstat:
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if(p==nil || p>ep)
+		return 0;
+	if(ap+size == p)
+		return size;
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/convS2M.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/convS2M.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fb5f596ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/convS2M.c
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+#include	<u.h>
+#include	<libc.h>
+#include	<fcall.h>
+
+static
+uchar*
+pstring(uchar *p, char *s)
+{
+	uint n;
+
+	if(s == nil){
+		PBIT16(p, 0);
+		p += BIT16SZ;
+		return p;
+	}
+
+	n = strlen(s);
+	/*
+	 * We are moving the string before the length,
+	 * so you can S2M a struct into an existing message
+	 */
+	memmove(p + BIT16SZ, s, n);
+	PBIT16(p, n);
+	p += n + BIT16SZ;
+	return p;
+}
+
+static
+uchar*
+pqid(uchar *p, Qid *q)
+{
+	PBIT8(p, q->type);
+	p += BIT8SZ;
+	PBIT32(p, q->vers);
+	p += BIT32SZ;
+	PBIT64(p, q->path);
+	p += BIT64SZ;
+	return p;
+}
+
+static
+uint
+stringsz(char *s)
+{
+	if(s == nil)
+		return BIT16SZ;
+
+	return BIT16SZ+strlen(s);
+}
+
+uint
+sizeS2M(Fcall *f)
+{
+	uint n;
+	int i;
+
+	n = 0;
+	n += BIT32SZ;	/* size */
+	n += BIT8SZ;	/* type */
+	n += BIT16SZ;	/* tag */
+
+	switch(f->type)
+	{
+	default:
+		return 0;
+
+	case Tversion:
+		n += BIT32SZ;
+		n += stringsz(f->version);
+		break;
+
+	case Tflush:
+		n += BIT16SZ;
+		break;
+
+	case Tauth:
+		n += BIT32SZ;
+		n += stringsz(f->uname);
+		n += stringsz(f->aname);
+		break;
+
+	case Tattach:
+		n += BIT32SZ;
+		n += BIT32SZ;
+		n += stringsz(f->uname);
+		n += stringsz(f->aname);
+		break;
+
+	case Twalk:
+		n += BIT32SZ;
+		n += BIT32SZ;
+		n += BIT16SZ;
+		for(i=0; i<f->nwname; i++)
+			n += stringsz(f->wname[i]);
+		break;
+
+	case Topen:
+		n += BIT32SZ;
+		n += BIT8SZ;
+		break;
+
+	case Tcreate:
+		n += BIT32SZ;
+		n += stringsz(f->name);
+		n += BIT32SZ;
+		n += BIT8SZ;
+		break;
+
+	case Tread:
+		n += BIT32SZ;
+		n += BIT64SZ;
+		n += BIT32SZ;
+		break;
+
+	case Twrite:
+		n += BIT32SZ;
+		n += BIT64SZ;
+		n += BIT32SZ;
+		n += f->count;
+		break;
+
+	case Tclunk:
+	case Tremove:
+		n += BIT32SZ;
+		break;
+
+	case Tstat:
+		n += BIT32SZ;
+		break;
+
+	case Twstat:
+		n += BIT32SZ;
+		n += BIT16SZ;
+		n += f->nstat;
+		break;
+/*
+ */
+
+	case Rversion:
+		n += BIT32SZ;
+		n += stringsz(f->version);
+		break;
+
+	case Rerror:
+		n += stringsz(f->ename);
+		break;
+
+	case Rflush:
+		break;
+
+	case Rauth:
+		n += QIDSZ;
+		break;
+
+	case Rattach:
+		n += QIDSZ;
+		break;
+
+	case Rwalk:
+		n += BIT16SZ;
+		n += f->nwqid*QIDSZ;
+		break;
+
+	case Ropen:
+	case Rcreate:
+		n += QIDSZ;
+		n += BIT32SZ;
+		break;
+
+	case Rread:
+		n += BIT32SZ;
+		n += f->count;
+		break;
+
+	case Rwrite:
+		n += BIT32SZ;
+		break;
+
+	case Rclunk:
+		break;
+
+	case Rremove:
+		break;
+
+	case Rstat:
+		n += BIT16SZ;
+		n += f->nstat;
+		break;
+
+	case Rwstat:
+		break;
+	}
+	return n;
+}
+
+uint
+convS2M(Fcall *f, uchar *ap, uint nap)
+{
+	uchar *p;
+	uint i, size;
+
+	size = sizeS2M(f);
+	if(size == 0)
+		return 0;
+	if(size > nap)
+		return 0;
+
+	p = (uchar*)ap;
+
+	PBIT32(p, size);
+	p += BIT32SZ;
+	PBIT8(p, f->type);
+	p += BIT8SZ;
+	PBIT16(p, f->tag);
+	p += BIT16SZ;
+
+	switch(f->type)
+	{
+	default:
+		return 0;
+
+	case Tversion:
+		PBIT32(p, f->msize);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		p = pstring(p, f->version);
+		break;
+
+	case Tflush:
+		PBIT16(p, f->oldtag);
+		p += BIT16SZ;
+		break;
+
+	case Tauth:
+		PBIT32(p, f->afid);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		p  = pstring(p, f->uname);
+		p  = pstring(p, f->aname);
+		break;
+
+	case Tattach:
+		PBIT32(p, f->fid);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		PBIT32(p, f->afid);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		p  = pstring(p, f->uname);
+		p  = pstring(p, f->aname);
+		break;
+
+	case Twalk:
+		PBIT32(p, f->fid);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		PBIT32(p, f->newfid);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		PBIT16(p, f->nwname);
+		p += BIT16SZ;
+		if(f->nwname > MAXWELEM)
+			return 0;
+		for(i=0; i<f->nwname; i++)
+			p = pstring(p, f->wname[i]);
+		break;
+
+	case Topen:
+		PBIT32(p, f->fid);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		PBIT8(p, f->mode);
+		p += BIT8SZ;
+		break;
+
+	case Tcreate:
+		PBIT32(p, f->fid);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		p = pstring(p, f->name);
+		PBIT32(p, f->perm);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		PBIT8(p, f->mode);
+		p += BIT8SZ;
+		break;
+
+	case Tread:
+		PBIT32(p, f->fid);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		PBIT64(p, f->offset);
+		p += BIT64SZ;
+		PBIT32(p, f->count);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		break;
+
+	case Twrite:
+		PBIT32(p, f->fid);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		PBIT64(p, f->offset);
+		p += BIT64SZ;
+		PBIT32(p, f->count);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		memmove(p, f->data, f->count);
+		p += f->count;
+		break;
+
+	case Tclunk:
+	case Tremove:
+		PBIT32(p, f->fid);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		break;
+
+	case Tstat:
+		PBIT32(p, f->fid);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		break;
+
+	case Twstat:
+		PBIT32(p, f->fid);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		PBIT16(p, f->nstat);
+		p += BIT16SZ;
+		memmove(p, f->stat, f->nstat);
+		p += f->nstat;
+		break;
+/*
+ */
+
+	case Rversion:
+		PBIT32(p, f->msize);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		p = pstring(p, f->version);
+		break;
+
+	case Rerror:
+		p = pstring(p, f->ename);
+		break;
+
+	case Rflush:
+		break;
+
+	case Rauth:
+		p = pqid(p, &f->aqid);
+		break;
+
+	case Rattach:
+		p = pqid(p, &f->qid);
+		break;
+
+	case Rwalk:
+		PBIT16(p, f->nwqid);
+		p += BIT16SZ;
+		if(f->nwqid > MAXWELEM)
+			return 0;
+		for(i=0; i<f->nwqid; i++)
+			p = pqid(p, &f->wqid[i]);
+		break;
+
+	case Ropen:
+	case Rcreate:
+		p = pqid(p, &f->qid);
+		PBIT32(p, f->iounit);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		break;
+
+	case Rread:
+		PBIT32(p, f->count);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		memmove(p, f->data, f->count);
+		p += f->count;
+		break;
+
+	case Rwrite:
+		PBIT32(p, f->count);
+		p += BIT32SZ;
+		break;
+
+	case Rclunk:
+		break;
+
+	case Rremove:
+		break;
+
+	case Rstat:
+		PBIT16(p, f->nstat);
+		p += BIT16SZ;
+		memmove(p, f->stat, f->nstat);
+		p += f->nstat;
+		break;
+
+	case Rwstat:
+		break;
+	}
+	if(size != p-ap)
+		return 0;
+	return size;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/cputime.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/cputime.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1e05634aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/cputime.c
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+#define	HZ	1000
+
+double
+cputime(void)
+{
+	long t[4];
+	long times(long*);
+	int i;
+
+	times(t);
+	for(i=1; i<4; i++)
+		t[0] += t[i];
+	return t[0] / (double)HZ;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/ctime.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/ctime.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d841b64e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/ctime.c
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+/*
+ * This routine converts time as follows.
+ * The epoch is 0000 Jan 1 1970 GMT.
+ * The argument time is in seconds since then.
+ * The localtime(t) entry returns a pointer to an array
+ * containing
+ *
+ *	seconds (0-59)
+ *	minutes (0-59)
+ *	hours (0-23)
+ *	day of month (1-31)
+ *	month (0-11)
+ *	year-1970
+ *	weekday (0-6, Sun is 0)
+ *	day of the year
+ *	daylight savings flag
+ *
+ * The routine gets the daylight savings time from the environment.
+ *
+ * asctime(tvec))
+ * where tvec is produced by localtime
+ * returns a ptr to a character string
+ * that has the ascii time in the form
+ *
+ *	                            \\
+ *	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 GMT 1970n0
+ *	012345678901234567890123456789
+ *	0	  1	    2
+ *
+ * ctime(t) just calls localtime, then asctime.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+static	char	dmsize[12] =
+{
+	31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31
+};
+
+/*
+ * The following table is used for 1974 and 1975 and
+ * gives the day number of the first day after the Sunday of the
+ * change.
+ */
+
+static	int	dysize(int);
+static	void	ct_numb(char*, int);
+
+#define	TZSIZE	150
+static	void	readtimezone(void);
+static	int	rd_name(char**, char*);
+static	int	rd_long(char**, long*);
+static
+struct
+{
+	char	stname[4];
+	char	dlname[4];
+	long	stdiff;
+	long	dldiff;
+	long	dlpairs[TZSIZE];
+} timezone;
+
+char*
+ctime(long t)
+{
+	return asctime(localtime(t));
+}
+
+Tm*
+localtime(long tim)
+{
+	Tm *ct;
+	long t, *p;
+	int dlflag;
+
+	if(timezone.stname[0] == 0)
+		readtimezone();
+	t = tim + timezone.stdiff;
+	dlflag = 0;
+	for(p = timezone.dlpairs; *p; p += 2)
+		if(t >= p[0])
+		if(t < p[1]) {
+			t = tim + timezone.dldiff;
+			dlflag++;
+			break;
+		}
+	ct = gmtime(t);
+	if(dlflag){
+		strcpy(ct->zone, timezone.dlname);
+		ct->tzoff = timezone.dldiff;
+	} else {
+		strcpy(ct->zone, timezone.stname);
+		ct->tzoff = timezone.stdiff;
+	}
+	return ct;
+}
+
+Tm*
+gmtime(long tim)
+{
+	int d0, d1;
+	long hms, day;
+	static Tm xtime;
+
+	/*
+	 * break initial number into days
+	 */
+	hms = tim % 86400L;
+	day = tim / 86400L;
+	if(hms < 0) {
+		hms += 86400L;
+		day -= 1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * generate hours:minutes:seconds
+	 */
+	xtime.sec = hms % 60;
+	d1 = hms / 60;
+	xtime.min = d1 % 60;
+	d1 /= 60;
+	xtime.hour = d1;
+
+	/*
+	 * day is the day number.
+	 * generate day of the week.
+	 * The addend is 4 mod 7 (1/1/1970 was Thursday)
+	 */
+
+	xtime.wday = (day + 7340036L) % 7;
+
+	/*
+	 * year number
+	 */
+	if(day >= 0)
+		for(d1 = 1970; day >= dysize(d1); d1++)
+			day -= dysize(d1);
+	else
+		for (d1 = 1970; day < 0; d1--)
+			day += dysize(d1-1);
+	xtime.year = d1-1900;
+	xtime.yday = d0 = day;
+
+	/*
+	 * generate month
+	 */
+
+	if(dysize(d1) == 366)
+		dmsize[1] = 29;
+	for(d1 = 0; d0 >= dmsize[d1]; d1++)
+		d0 -= dmsize[d1];
+	dmsize[1] = 28;
+	xtime.mday = d0 + 1;
+	xtime.mon = d1;
+	strcpy(xtime.zone, "GMT");
+	return &xtime;
+}
+
+char*
+asctime(Tm *t)
+{
+	char *ncp;
+	static char cbuf[30];
+
+	strcpy(cbuf, "Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 GMT 1970\n");
+	ncp = &"SunMonTueWedThuFriSat"[t->wday*3];
+	cbuf[0] = *ncp++;
+	cbuf[1] = *ncp++;
+	cbuf[2] = *ncp;
+	ncp = &"JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec"[t->mon*3];
+	cbuf[4] = *ncp++;
+	cbuf[5] = *ncp++;
+	cbuf[6] = *ncp;
+	ct_numb(cbuf+8, t->mday);
+	ct_numb(cbuf+11, t->hour+100);
+	ct_numb(cbuf+14, t->min+100);
+	ct_numb(cbuf+17, t->sec+100);
+	ncp = t->zone;
+	cbuf[20] = *ncp++;
+	cbuf[21] = *ncp++;
+	cbuf[22] = *ncp;
+	if(t->year >= 100) {
+		cbuf[24] = '2';
+		cbuf[25] = '0';
+	}
+	ct_numb(cbuf+26, t->year+100);
+	return cbuf;
+}
+
+static
+dysize(int y)
+{
+
+	if(y%4 == 0 && (y%100 != 0 || y%400 == 0))
+		return 366;
+	return 365;
+}
+
+static
+void
+ct_numb(char *cp, int n)
+{
+
+	cp[0] = ' ';
+	if(n >= 10)
+		cp[0] = (n/10)%10 + '0';
+	cp[1] = n%10 + '0';
+}
+
+static
+void
+readtimezone(void)
+{
+	char buf[TZSIZE*11+30], *p;
+	int i;
+
+	memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+	i = open("/env/timezone", 0);
+	if(i < 0)
+		goto error;
+	if(read(i, buf, sizeof(buf)) >= sizeof(buf)){
+		close(i);
+		goto error;
+	}
+	close(i);
+	p = buf;
+	if(rd_name(&p, timezone.stname))
+		goto error;
+	if(rd_long(&p, &timezone.stdiff))
+		goto error;
+	if(rd_name(&p, timezone.dlname))
+		goto error;
+	if(rd_long(&p, &timezone.dldiff))
+		goto error;
+	for(i=0; i<TZSIZE; i++) {
+		if(rd_long(&p, &timezone.dlpairs[i]))
+			goto error;
+		if(timezone.dlpairs[i] == 0)
+			return;
+	}
+
+error:
+	timezone.stdiff = 0;
+	strcpy(timezone.stname, "GMT");
+	timezone.dlpairs[0] = 0;
+}
+
+static
+rd_name(char **f, char *p)
+{
+	int c, i;
+
+	for(;;) {
+		c = *(*f)++;
+		if(c != ' ' && c != '\n')
+			break;
+	}
+	for(i=0; i<3; i++) {
+		if(c == ' ' || c == '\n')
+			return 1;
+		*p++ = c;
+		c = *(*f)++;
+	}
+	if(c != ' ' && c != '\n')
+		return 1;
+	*p = 0;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static
+rd_long(char **f, long *p)
+{
+	int c, s;
+	long l;
+
+	s = 0;
+	for(;;) {
+		c = *(*f)++;
+		if(c == '-') {
+			s++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if(c != ' ' && c != '\n')
+			break;
+	}
+	if(c == 0) {
+		*p = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	l = 0;
+	for(;;) {
+		if(c == ' ' || c == '\n')
+			break;
+		if(c < '0' || c > '9')
+			return 1;
+		l = l*10 + c-'0';
+		c = *(*f)++;
+	}
+	if(s)
+		l = -l;
+	*p = l;
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/dial.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/dial.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..74fc6e6ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/dial.c
@@ -0,0 +1,492 @@
+/*
+ * dial - connect to a service (parallel version)
+ */
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+typedef struct Conn Conn;
+typedef struct Dest Dest;
+typedef struct DS DS;
+
+enum
+{
+	Maxstring	= 128,
+	Maxpath		= 256,
+
+	Maxcsreply	= 64*80,	/* this is probably overly generous */
+	/*
+	 * this should be a plausible slight overestimate for non-interactive
+	 * use even if it's ridiculously long for interactive use.
+	 */
+	Maxconnms	= 20*60*1000,	/* 20 minutes */
+};
+
+struct DS {
+	/* dist string */
+	char	buf[Maxstring];
+	char	*netdir;
+	char	*proto;
+	char	*rem;
+
+	/* other args */
+	char	*local;
+	char	*dir;
+	int	*cfdp;
+};
+
+/*
+ * malloc these; they need to be writable by this proc & all children.
+ * the stack is private to each proc, and static allocation in the data
+ * segment would not permit concurrent dials within a multi-process program.
+ */
+struct Conn {
+	int	pid;
+	int	dead;
+
+	int	dfd;
+	int	cfd;
+	char	dir[NETPATHLEN];
+	char	err[ERRMAX];
+};
+struct Dest {
+	Conn	*conn;			/* allocated array */
+	Conn	*connend;
+	int	nkid;
+
+	QLock	winlck;
+	int	winner;			/* index into conn[] */
+
+	char	*nextaddr;
+	char	addrlist[Maxcsreply];
+};
+
+static int	call(char*, char*, DS*, Dest*, Conn*);
+static int	csdial(DS*);
+static void	_dial_string_parse(char*, DS*);
+
+
+/*
+ *  the dialstring is of the form '[/net/]proto!dest'
+ */
+static int
+dialimpl(char *dest, char *local, char *dir, int *cfdp)
+{
+	DS ds;
+	int rv;
+	char err[ERRMAX], alterr[ERRMAX];
+
+	ds.local = local;
+	ds.dir = dir;
+	ds.cfdp = cfdp;
+
+	_dial_string_parse(dest, &ds);
+	if(ds.netdir)
+		return csdial(&ds);
+
+	ds.netdir = "/net";
+	rv = csdial(&ds);
+	if(rv >= 0)
+		return rv;
+	err[0] = '\0';
+	errstr(err, sizeof err);
+	if(strstr(err, "refused") != 0){
+		werrstr("%s", err);
+		return rv;
+	}
+	ds.netdir = "/net.alt";
+	rv = csdial(&ds);
+	if(rv >= 0)
+		return rv;
+
+	alterr[0] = 0;
+	errstr(alterr, sizeof alterr);
+	if(strstr(alterr, "translate") || strstr(alterr, "does not exist"))
+		werrstr("%s", err);
+	else
+		werrstr("%s", alterr);
+	return rv;
+}
+
+/*
+ * the thread library can't cope with rfork(RFMEM|RFPROC),
+ * so it must override this with a private version of dial.
+ */
+int (*_dial)(char *, char *, char *, int *) = dialimpl;
+
+int
+dial(char *dest, char *local, char *dir, int *cfdp)
+{
+	return (*_dial)(dest, local, dir, cfdp);
+}
+
+static int
+connsalloc(Dest *dp, int addrs)
+{
+	free(dp->conn);
+	dp->connend = nil;
+	assert(addrs > 0);
+
+	dp->conn = mallocz(addrs * sizeof *dp->conn, 1);
+	if(dp->conn == nil)
+		return -1;
+	dp->connend = dp->conn + addrs;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+freedest(Dest *dp)
+{
+	if (dp != nil) {
+		free(dp->conn);
+		free(dp);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+closeopenfd(int *fdp)
+{
+	if (*fdp > 0) {
+		close(*fdp);
+		*fdp = -1;
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+notedeath(Dest *dp, char *exitsts)
+{
+	int i, n, pid;
+	char *fields[5];			/* pid + 3 times + error */
+	Conn *conn;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nelem(fields); i++)
+		fields[i] = "";
+	n = tokenize(exitsts, fields, nelem(fields));
+	if (n < 4)
+		return;
+	pid = atoi(fields[0]);
+	if (pid <= 0)
+		return;
+	for (conn = dp->conn; conn < dp->connend; conn++)
+		if (conn->pid == pid && !conn->dead) {  /* it's one we know? */
+			if (conn - dp->conn != dp->winner) {
+				closeopenfd(&conn->dfd);
+				closeopenfd(&conn->cfd);
+			}
+			strncpy(conn->err, fields[4], sizeof conn->err);
+			conn->dead = 1;
+			return;
+		}
+	/* not a proc that we forked */
+}
+
+static int
+outstandingprocs(Dest *dp)
+{
+	Conn *conn;
+
+	for (conn = dp->conn; conn < dp->connend; conn++)
+		if (!conn->dead)
+			return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+reap(Dest *dp)
+{
+	char exitsts[2*ERRMAX];
+
+	if (outstandingprocs(dp) && await(exitsts, sizeof exitsts) >= 0) {
+		notedeath(dp, exitsts);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int
+fillinds(DS *ds, Dest *dp)
+{
+	Conn *conn;
+
+	if (dp->winner < 0)
+		return -1;
+	conn = &dp->conn[dp->winner];
+	if (ds->cfdp)
+		*ds->cfdp = conn->cfd;
+	if (ds->dir)
+		strncpy(ds->dir, conn->dir, NETPATHLEN);
+	return conn->dfd;
+}
+
+static int
+connectwait(Dest *dp, char *besterr)
+{
+	Conn *conn;
+
+	/* wait for a winner or all attempts to time out */
+	while (dp->winner < 0 && reap(dp) >= 0)
+		;
+
+	/* kill all of our still-live kids & reap them */
+	for (conn = dp->conn; conn < dp->connend; conn++)
+		if (!conn->dead)
+			postnote(PNPROC, conn->pid, "die");
+	while (reap(dp) >= 0)
+		;
+
+	/* rummage about and report some error string */
+	for (conn = dp->conn; conn < dp->connend; conn++)
+		if (conn - dp->conn != dp->winner && conn->dead &&
+		    conn->err[0]) {
+			strncpy(besterr, conn->err, ERRMAX);
+			break;
+		}
+	return dp->winner;
+}
+
+static int
+parsecs(Dest *dp, char **clonep, char **destp)
+{
+	char *dest, *p;
+
+	dest = strchr(dp->nextaddr, ' ');
+	if(dest == nil)
+		return -1;
+	*dest++ = '\0';
+	p = strchr(dest, '\n');
+	if(p == nil)
+		return -1;
+	*p++ = '\0';
+	*clonep = dp->nextaddr;
+	*destp = dest;
+	dp->nextaddr = p;		/* advance to next line */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+pickuperr(char *besterr, char *err)
+{
+	err[0] = '\0';
+	errstr(err, ERRMAX);
+	if(strstr(err, "does not exist") == 0)
+		strcpy(besterr, err);
+}
+
+/*
+ * try all addresses in parallel and take the first one that answers;
+ * this helps when systems have ip v4 and v6 addresses but are
+ * only reachable from here on one (or some) of them.
+ */
+static int
+dialmulti(DS *ds, Dest *dp)
+{
+	int rv, kid, kidme;
+	char *clone, *dest;
+	char err[ERRMAX], besterr[ERRMAX];
+
+	dp->winner = -1;
+	dp->nkid = 0;
+	while(dp->winner < 0 && *dp->nextaddr != '\0' &&
+	    parsecs(dp, &clone, &dest) >= 0) {
+		kidme = dp->nkid++;		/* make private copy on stack */
+		kid = rfork(RFPROC|RFMEM);	/* spin off a call attempt */
+		if (kid < 0)
+			--dp->nkid;
+		else if (kid == 0) {
+			alarm(Maxconnms);
+			*besterr = '\0';
+			rv = call(clone, dest, ds, dp, &dp->conn[kidme]);
+			if(rv < 0)
+				pickuperr(besterr, err);
+			_exits(besterr);	/* avoid atexit callbacks */
+		}
+	}
+	rv = connectwait(dp, besterr);
+	if(rv < 0 && *besterr)
+		werrstr("%s", besterr);
+	else
+		werrstr("%s", err);
+	return rv;
+}
+
+static int
+csdial(DS *ds)
+{
+	int n, fd, rv, addrs, bleft;
+	char c;
+	char *addrp, *clone2, *dest;
+	char buf[Maxstring], clone[Maxpath], err[ERRMAX], besterr[ERRMAX];
+	Dest *dp;
+
+	dp = mallocz(sizeof *dp, 1);
+	if(dp == nil)
+		return -1;
+	dp->winner = -1;
+	if (connsalloc(dp, 1) < 0) {		/* room for a single conn. */
+		freedest(dp);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 *  open connection server
+	 */
+	snprint(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/cs", ds->netdir);
+	fd = open(buf, ORDWR);
+	if(fd < 0){
+		/* no connection server, don't translate */
+		snprint(clone, sizeof(clone), "%s/%s/clone", ds->netdir, ds->proto);
+		rv = call(clone, ds->rem, ds, dp, &dp->conn[0]);
+		fillinds(ds, dp);
+		freedest(dp);
+		return rv;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 *  ask connection server to translate
+	 */
+	snprint(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s!%s", ds->proto, ds->rem);
+	if(write(fd, buf, strlen(buf)) < 0){
+		close(fd);
+		freedest(dp);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 *  read all addresses from the connection server.
+	 */
+	seek(fd, 0, 0);
+	addrs = 0;
+	addrp = dp->nextaddr = dp->addrlist;
+	bleft = sizeof dp->addrlist - 2;	/* 2 is room for \n\0 */
+	while(bleft > 0 && (n = read(fd, addrp, bleft)) > 0) {
+		if (addrp[n-1] != '\n')
+			addrp[n++] = '\n';
+		addrs++;
+		addrp += n;
+		bleft -= n;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * if we haven't read all of cs's output, assume the last line might
+	 * have been truncated and ignore it.  we really don't expect this
+	 * to happen.
+	 */
+	if (addrs > 0 && bleft <= 0 && read(fd, &c, 1) == 1)
+		addrs--;
+	close(fd);
+
+	*besterr = 0;
+	rv = -1;				/* pessimistic default */
+	if (addrs == 0)
+		werrstr("no address to dial");
+	else if (addrs == 1) {
+		/* common case: dial one address without forking */
+		if (parsecs(dp, &clone2, &dest) >= 0 &&
+		    (rv = call(clone2, dest, ds, dp, &dp->conn[0])) < 0) {
+			pickuperr(besterr, err);
+			werrstr("%s", besterr);
+		}
+	} else if (connsalloc(dp, addrs) >= 0)
+		rv = dialmulti(ds, dp);
+
+	/* fill in results */
+	if (rv >= 0 && dp->winner >= 0)
+		rv = fillinds(ds, dp);
+
+	freedest(dp);
+	return rv;
+}
+
+static int
+call(char *clone, char *dest, DS *ds, Dest *dp, Conn *conn)
+{
+	int fd, cfd, n;
+	char cname[Maxpath], name[Maxpath], data[Maxpath], *p;
+
+	/* because cs is in a different name space, replace the mount point */
+	if(*clone == '/'){
+		p = strchr(clone+1, '/');
+		if(p == nil)
+			p = clone;
+		else 
+			p++;
+	} else
+		p = clone;
+	snprint(cname, sizeof cname, "%s/%s", ds->netdir, p);
+
+	conn->pid = getpid();
+	conn->cfd = cfd = open(cname, ORDWR);
+	if(cfd < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	/* get directory name */
+	n = read(cfd, name, sizeof(name)-1);
+	if(n < 0){
+		closeopenfd(&conn->cfd);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	name[n] = 0;
+	for(p = name; *p == ' '; p++)
+		;
+	snprint(name, sizeof(name), "%ld", strtoul(p, 0, 0));
+	p = strrchr(cname, '/');
+	*p = 0;
+	if(ds->dir)
+		snprint(conn->dir, NETPATHLEN, "%s/%s", cname, name);
+	snprint(data, sizeof(data), "%s/%s/data", cname, name);
+
+	/* connect */
+	if(ds->local)
+		snprint(name, sizeof(name), "connect %s %s", dest, ds->local);
+	else
+		snprint(name, sizeof(name), "connect %s", dest);
+	if(write(cfd, name, strlen(name)) < 0){
+		closeopenfd(&conn->cfd);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/* open data connection */
+	conn->dfd = fd = open(data, ORDWR);
+	if(fd < 0){
+		closeopenfd(&conn->cfd);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if(ds->cfdp == nil)
+		closeopenfd(&conn->cfd);
+
+	qlock(&dp->winlck);
+	if (dp->winner < 0 && conn < dp->connend)
+		dp->winner = conn - dp->conn;
+	qunlock(&dp->winlck);
+	return fd;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  parse a dial string
+ */
+static void
+_dial_string_parse(char *str, DS *ds)
+{
+	char *p, *p2;
+
+	strncpy(ds->buf, str, Maxstring);
+	ds->buf[Maxstring-1] = 0;
+
+	p = strchr(ds->buf, '!');
+	if(p == 0) {
+		ds->netdir = 0;
+		ds->proto = "net";
+		ds->rem = ds->buf;
+	} else {
+		if(*ds->buf != '/' && *ds->buf != '#'){
+			ds->netdir = 0;
+			ds->proto = ds->buf;
+		} else {
+			for(p2 = p; *p2 != '/'; p2--)
+				;
+			*p2++ = 0;
+			ds->netdir = ds->buf;
+			ds->proto = p2;
+		}
+		*p = 0;
+		ds->rem = p + 1;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/dirfstat.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/dirfstat.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0534a2278
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/dirfstat.c
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include <fcall.h>
+
+enum
+{
+	DIRSIZE	= STATFIXLEN + 16 * 4		/* enough for encoded stat buf + some reasonable strings */
+};
+
+Dir*
+dirfstat(int fd)
+{
+	Dir *d;
+	uchar *buf;
+	int n, nd, i;
+
+	nd = DIRSIZE;
+	for(i=0; i<2; i++){	/* should work by the second try */
+		d = malloc(sizeof(Dir) + BIT16SZ + nd);
+		if(d == nil)
+			return nil;
+		buf = (uchar*)&d[1];
+		n = fstat(fd, buf, BIT16SZ+nd);
+		if(n < BIT16SZ){
+			free(d);
+			return nil;
+		}
+		nd = GBIT16(buf);	/* upper bound on size of Dir + strings */
+		if(nd <= n){
+			convM2D(buf, n, d, (char*)&d[1]);
+			return d;
+		}
+		/* else sizeof(Dir)+BIT16SZ+nd is plenty */
+		free(d);
+	}
+	return nil;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/dirfwstat.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/dirfwstat.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..85803ff4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/dirfwstat.c
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include <fcall.h>
+
+int
+dirfwstat(int fd, Dir *d)
+{
+	uchar *buf;
+	int r;
+
+	r = sizeD2M(d);
+	buf = malloc(r);
+	if(buf == nil)
+		return -1;
+	convD2M(d, buf, r);
+	r = fwstat(fd, buf, r);
+	free(buf);
+	return r;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/dirmodefmt.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/dirmodefmt.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..82eb5a308
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/dirmodefmt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include <fcall.h>
+
+static char *modes[] =
+{
+	"---",
+	"--x",
+	"-w-",
+	"-wx",
+	"r--",
+	"r-x",
+	"rw-",
+	"rwx",
+};
+
+static void
+rwx(long m, char *s)
+{
+	strncpy(s, modes[m], 3);
+}
+
+int
+dirmodefmt(Fmt *f)
+{
+	static char buf[16];
+	ulong m;
+
+	m = va_arg(f->args, ulong);
+
+	if(m & DMDIR)
+		buf[0]='d';
+	else if(m & DMAPPEND)
+		buf[0]='a';
+	else if(m & DMAUTH)
+		buf[0]='A';
+	else
+		buf[0]='-';
+	if(m & DMEXCL)
+		buf[1]='l';
+	else
+		buf[1]='-';
+	rwx((m>>6)&7, buf+2);
+	rwx((m>>3)&7, buf+5);
+	rwx((m>>0)&7, buf+8);
+	buf[11] = 0;
+	return fmtstrcpy(f, buf);
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/dirread.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/dirread.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0efd2f954
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/dirread.c
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include <fcall.h>
+
+static
+long
+dirpackage(uchar *buf, long ts, Dir **d)
+{
+	char *s;
+	long ss, i, n, nn, m;
+
+	*d = nil;
+	if(ts <= 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * first find number of all stats, check they look like stats, & size all associated strings
+	 */
+	ss = 0;
+	n = 0;
+	for(i = 0; i < ts; i += m){
+		m = BIT16SZ + GBIT16(&buf[i]);
+		if(statcheck(&buf[i], m) < 0)
+			break;
+		ss += m;
+		n++;
+	}
+
+	if(i != ts)
+		return -1;
+
+	*d = malloc(n * sizeof(Dir) + ss);
+	if(*d == nil)
+		return -1;
+
+	/*
+	 * then convert all buffers
+	 */
+	s = (char*)*d + n * sizeof(Dir);
+	nn = 0;
+	for(i = 0; i < ts; i += m){
+		m = BIT16SZ + GBIT16((uchar*)&buf[i]);
+		if(nn >= n || convM2D(&buf[i], m, *d + nn, s) != m){
+			free(*d);
+			*d = nil;
+			return -1;
+		}
+		nn++;
+		s += m;
+	}
+
+	return nn;
+}
+
+long
+dirread(int fd, Dir **d)
+{
+	uchar *buf;
+	long ts;
+
+	buf = malloc(DIRMAX);
+	if(buf == nil)
+		return -1;
+	ts = read(fd, buf, DIRMAX);
+	if(ts >= 0)
+		ts = dirpackage(buf, ts, d);
+	free(buf);
+	return ts;
+}
+
+long
+dirreadall(int fd, Dir **d)
+{
+	uchar *buf, *nbuf;
+	long n, ts;
+
+	buf = nil;
+	ts = 0;
+	for(;;){
+		nbuf = realloc(buf, ts+DIRMAX);
+		if(nbuf == nil){
+			free(buf);
+			return -1;
+		}
+		buf = nbuf;
+		n = read(fd, buf+ts, DIRMAX);
+		if(n <= 0)
+			break;
+		ts += n;
+	}
+	if(ts >= 0)
+		ts = dirpackage(buf, ts, d);
+	free(buf);
+	if(ts == 0 && n < 0)
+		return -1;
+	return ts;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/dirstat.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/dirstat.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..eb5171d2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/dirstat.c
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include <fcall.h>
+
+enum
+{
+	DIRSIZE	= STATFIXLEN + 16 * 4		/* enough for encoded stat buf + some reasonable strings */
+};
+
+Dir*
+dirstat(char *name)
+{
+	Dir *d;
+	uchar *buf;
+	int n, nd, i;
+
+	nd = DIRSIZE;
+	for(i=0; i<2; i++){	/* should work by the second try */
+		d = malloc(sizeof(Dir) + BIT16SZ + nd);
+		if(d == nil)
+			return nil;
+		buf = (uchar*)&d[1];
+		n = stat(name, buf, BIT16SZ+nd);
+		if(n < BIT16SZ){
+			free(d);
+			return nil;
+		}
+		nd = GBIT16((uchar*)buf);	/* upper bound on size of Dir + strings */
+		if(nd <= n){
+			convM2D(buf, n, d, (char*)&d[1]);
+			return d;
+		}
+		/* else sizeof(Dir)+BIT16SZ+nd is plenty */
+		free(d);
+	}
+	return nil;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/dirwstat.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/dirwstat.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cb62e3fc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/dirwstat.c
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include <fcall.h>
+
+int
+dirwstat(char *name, Dir *d)
+{
+	uchar *buf;
+	int r;
+
+	r = sizeD2M(d);
+	buf = malloc(r);
+	if(buf == nil)
+		return -1;
+	convD2M(d, buf, r);
+	r = wstat(name, buf, r);
+	free(buf);
+	return r;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/fcallfmt.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/fcallfmt.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c5a8af614
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/fcallfmt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include <fcall.h>
+
+static uint dumpsome(char*, char*, char*, long);
+static void fdirconv(char*, char*, Dir*);
+static char *qidtype(char*, uchar);
+
+#define	QIDFMT	"(%.16llux %lud %s)"
+
+int
+fcallfmt(Fmt *fmt)
+{
+	Fcall *f;
+	int fid, type, tag, i;
+	char buf[512], tmp[200];
+	char *p, *e;
+	Dir *d;
+	Qid *q;
+
+	e = buf+sizeof(buf);
+	f = va_arg(fmt->args, Fcall*);
+	type = f->type;
+	fid = f->fid;
+	tag = f->tag;
+	switch(type){
+	case Tversion:	/* 100 */
+		seprint(buf, e, "Tversion tag %ud msize %ud version '%s'", tag, f->msize, f->version);
+		break;
+	case Rversion:
+		seprint(buf, e, "Rversion tag %ud msize %ud version '%s'", tag, f->msize, f->version);
+		break;
+	case Tauth:	/* 102 */
+		seprint(buf, e, "Tauth tag %ud afid %d uname %s aname %s", tag,
+			f->afid, f->uname, f->aname);
+		break;
+	case Rauth:
+		seprint(buf, e, "Rauth tag %ud qid " QIDFMT, tag,
+			f->aqid.path, f->aqid.vers, qidtype(tmp, f->aqid.type));
+		break;
+	case Tattach:	/* 104 */
+		seprint(buf, e, "Tattach tag %ud fid %d afid %d uname %s aname %s", tag,
+			fid, f->afid, f->uname, f->aname);
+		break;
+	case Rattach:
+		seprint(buf, e, "Rattach tag %ud qid " QIDFMT, tag,
+			f->qid.path, f->qid.vers, qidtype(tmp, f->qid.type));
+		break;
+	case Rerror:	/* 107; 106 (Terror) illegal */
+		seprint(buf, e, "Rerror tag %ud ename %s", tag, f->ename);
+		break;
+	case Tflush:	/* 108 */
+		seprint(buf, e, "Tflush tag %ud oldtag %ud", tag, f->oldtag);
+		break;
+	case Rflush:
+		seprint(buf, e, "Rflush tag %ud", tag);
+		break;
+	case Twalk:	/* 110 */
+		p = seprint(buf, e, "Twalk tag %ud fid %d newfid %d nwname %d ", tag, fid, f->newfid, f->nwname);
+		if(f->nwname <= MAXWELEM)
+			for(i=0; i<f->nwname; i++)
+				p = seprint(p, e, "%d:%s ", i, f->wname[i]);
+		break;
+	case Rwalk:
+		p = seprint(buf, e, "Rwalk tag %ud nwqid %ud ", tag, f->nwqid);
+		if(f->nwqid <= MAXWELEM)
+			for(i=0; i<f->nwqid; i++){
+				q = &f->wqid[i];
+				p = seprint(p, e, "%d:" QIDFMT " ", i,
+					q->path, q->vers, qidtype(tmp, q->type));
+			}
+		break;
+	case Topen:	/* 112 */
+		seprint(buf, e, "Topen tag %ud fid %ud mode %d", tag, fid, f->mode);
+		break;
+	case Ropen:
+		seprint(buf, e, "Ropen tag %ud qid " QIDFMT " iounit %ud ", tag,
+			f->qid.path, f->qid.vers, qidtype(tmp, f->qid.type), f->iounit);
+		break;
+	case Tcreate:	/* 114 */
+		seprint(buf, e, "Tcreate tag %ud fid %ud name %s perm %M mode %d", tag, fid, f->name, (ulong)f->perm, f->mode);
+		break;
+	case Rcreate:
+		seprint(buf, e, "Rcreate tag %ud qid " QIDFMT " iounit %ud ", tag,
+			f->qid.path, f->qid.vers, qidtype(tmp, f->qid.type), f->iounit);
+		break;
+	case Tread:	/* 116 */
+		seprint(buf, e, "Tread tag %ud fid %d offset %lld count %ud",
+			tag, fid, f->offset, f->count);
+		break;
+	case Rread:
+		p = seprint(buf, e, "Rread tag %ud count %ud ", tag, f->count);
+			dumpsome(p, e, f->data, f->count);
+		break;
+	case Twrite:	/* 118 */
+		p = seprint(buf, e, "Twrite tag %ud fid %d offset %lld count %ud ",
+			tag, fid, f->offset, f->count);
+		dumpsome(p, e, f->data, f->count);
+		break;
+	case Rwrite:
+		seprint(buf, e, "Rwrite tag %ud count %ud", tag, f->count);
+		break;
+	case Tclunk:	/* 120 */
+		seprint(buf, e, "Tclunk tag %ud fid %ud", tag, fid);
+		break;
+	case Rclunk:
+		seprint(buf, e, "Rclunk tag %ud", tag);
+		break;
+	case Tremove:	/* 122 */
+		seprint(buf, e, "Tremove tag %ud fid %ud", tag, fid);
+		break;
+	case Rremove:
+		seprint(buf, e, "Rremove tag %ud", tag);
+		break;
+	case Tstat:	/* 124 */
+		seprint(buf, e, "Tstat tag %ud fid %ud", tag, fid);
+		break;
+	case Rstat:
+		p = seprint(buf, e, "Rstat tag %ud ", tag);
+		if(f->nstat > sizeof tmp)
+			seprint(p, e, " stat(%d bytes)", f->nstat);
+		else{
+			d = (Dir*)tmp;
+			convM2D(f->stat, f->nstat, d, (char*)(d+1));
+			seprint(p, e, " stat ");
+			fdirconv(p+6, e, d);
+		}
+		break;
+	case Twstat:	/* 126 */
+		p = seprint(buf, e, "Twstat tag %ud fid %ud", tag, fid);
+		if(f->nstat > sizeof tmp)
+			seprint(p, e, " stat(%d bytes)", f->nstat);
+		else{
+			d = (Dir*)tmp;
+			convM2D(f->stat, f->nstat, d, (char*)(d+1));
+			seprint(p, e, " stat ");
+			fdirconv(p+6, e, d);
+		}
+		break;
+	case Rwstat:
+		seprint(buf, e, "Rwstat tag %ud", tag);
+		break;
+	default:
+		seprint(buf, e,  "unknown type %d", type);
+	}
+	return fmtstrcpy(fmt, buf);
+}
+
+static char*
+qidtype(char *s, uchar t)
+{
+	char *p;
+
+	p = s;
+	if(t & QTDIR)
+		*p++ = 'd';
+	if(t & QTAPPEND)
+		*p++ = 'a';
+	if(t & QTEXCL)
+		*p++ = 'l';
+	if(t & QTAUTH)
+		*p++ = 'A';
+	*p = '\0';
+	return s;
+}
+
+int
+dirfmt(Fmt *fmt)
+{
+	char buf[160];
+
+	fdirconv(buf, buf+sizeof buf, va_arg(fmt->args, Dir*));
+	return fmtstrcpy(fmt, buf);
+}
+
+static void
+fdirconv(char *buf, char *e, Dir *d)
+{
+	char tmp[16];
+
+	seprint(buf, e, "'%s' '%s' '%s' '%s' "
+		"q " QIDFMT " m %#luo "
+		"at %ld mt %ld l %lld "
+		"t %d d %d",
+			d->name, d->uid, d->gid, d->muid,
+			d->qid.path, d->qid.vers, qidtype(tmp, d->qid.type), d->mode,
+			d->atime, d->mtime, d->length,
+			d->type, d->dev);
+}
+
+/*
+ * dump out count (or DUMPL, if count is bigger) bytes from
+ * buf to ans, as a string if they are all printable,
+ * else as a series of hex bytes
+ */
+#define DUMPL 64
+
+static uint
+dumpsome(char *ans, char *e, char *buf, long count)
+{
+	int i, printable;
+	char *p;
+
+	if(buf == nil){
+		seprint(ans, e, "<no data>");
+		return strlen(ans);
+	}
+	printable = 1;
+	if(count > DUMPL)
+		count = DUMPL;
+	for(i=0; i<count && printable; i++)
+		if((buf[i]<32 && buf[i] !='\n' && buf[i] !='\t') || (uchar)buf[i]>127)
+			printable = 0;
+	p = ans;
+	*p++ = '\'';
+	if(printable){
+		if(count > e-p-2)
+			count = e-p-2;
+		memmove(p, buf, count);
+		p += count;
+	}else{
+		if(2*count > e-p-2)
+			count = (e-p-2)/2;
+		for(i=0; i<count; i++){
+			if(i>0 && i%4==0)
+				*p++ = ' ';
+			sprint(p, "%2.2ux", (uchar)buf[i]);
+			p += 2;
+		}
+	}
+	*p++ = '\'';
+	*p = 0;
+	return p - ans;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/fork.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/fork.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..46296ed5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/fork.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+int
+fork(void)
+{
+	return rfork(RFPROC|RFFDG|RFREND);
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/getenv.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/getenv.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..146b35b62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/getenv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+char*
+getenv(char *name)
+{
+	int r, f;
+	long s;
+	char *ans;
+	char *p, *ep, ename[100];
+
+	if(strchr(name, '/') != nil)
+		return nil;
+	snprint(ename, sizeof ename, "/env/%s", name);
+	if(strcmp(ename+5, name) != 0)
+		return nil;
+	f = open(ename, OREAD);
+	if(f < 0)
+		return 0;
+	s = seek(f, 0, 2);
+	ans = malloc(s+1);
+	if(ans) {
+		setmalloctag(ans, getcallerpc(&name));
+		seek(f, 0, 0);
+		r = read(f, ans, s);
+		if(r >= 0) {
+			ep = ans + s - 1;
+			for(p = ans; p < ep; p++)
+				if(*p == '\0')
+					*p = ' ';
+			ans[s] = '\0';
+		}
+	}
+	close(f);
+	return ans;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/getnetconninfo.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/getnetconninfo.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8dbb95f89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/getnetconninfo.c
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+static char *unknown = "???";
+
+static void
+getendpoint(char *dir, char *file, char **sysp, char **servp)
+{
+	int fd, n;
+	char buf[128];
+	char *sys, *serv;
+
+	sys = serv = 0;
+
+	snprint(buf, sizeof buf, "%s/%s", dir, file);
+	fd = open(buf, OREAD);
+	if(fd >= 0){
+		n = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf)-1);
+		if(n>0){
+			buf[n-1] = 0;
+			serv = strchr(buf, '!');
+			if(serv){
+				*serv++ = 0;
+				serv = strdup(serv);
+			}
+			sys = strdup(buf);
+		}
+		close(fd);
+	}
+	if(serv == 0)
+		serv = unknown;
+	if(sys == 0)
+		sys = unknown;
+	*servp = serv;
+	*sysp = sys;
+}
+
+NetConnInfo*
+getnetconninfo(char *dir, int fd)
+{
+	NetConnInfo *nci;
+	char *cp;
+	Dir *d;
+	char spec[10];
+	char path[128];
+	char netname[128], *p;
+
+	/* get a directory address via fd */
+	if(dir == nil || *dir == 0){
+		if(fd2path(fd, path, sizeof(path)) < 0)
+			return nil;
+		cp = strrchr(path, '/');
+		if(cp == nil)
+			return nil;
+		*cp = 0;
+		dir = path;
+	}
+
+	nci = mallocz(sizeof *nci, 1);
+	if(nci == nil)
+		return nil;
+
+	/* copy connection directory */
+	nci->dir = strdup(dir);
+	if(nci->dir == nil)
+		goto err;
+
+	/* get netroot */
+	nci->root = strdup(dir);
+	if(nci->root == nil)
+		goto err;
+	cp = strchr(nci->root+1, '/');
+	if(cp == nil)
+		goto err;
+	*cp = 0;
+
+	/* figure out bind spec */
+	d = dirstat(nci->dir);
+	if(d != nil){
+		sprint(spec, "#%C%d", d->type, d->dev);
+		nci->spec = strdup(spec);
+	}
+	if(nci->spec == nil)
+		nci->spec = unknown;
+	free(d);
+
+	/* get the two end points */
+	getendpoint(nci->dir, "local", &nci->lsys, &nci->lserv);
+	if(nci->lsys == nil || nci->lserv == nil)
+		goto err;
+	getendpoint(nci->dir, "remote", &nci->rsys, &nci->rserv);
+	if(nci->rsys == nil || nci->rserv == nil)
+		goto err;
+
+	strecpy(netname, netname+sizeof netname, nci->dir);
+	if((p = strrchr(netname, '/')) != nil)
+		*p = 0;
+	if(strncmp(netname, "/net/", 5) == 0)
+		memmove(netname, netname+5, strlen(netname+5)+1);
+	nci->laddr = smprint("%s!%s!%s", netname, nci->lsys, nci->lserv);
+	nci->raddr = smprint("%s!%s!%s", netname, nci->rsys, nci->rserv);
+	if(nci->laddr == nil || nci->raddr == nil)
+		goto err;
+	return nci;
+err:
+	freenetconninfo(nci);
+	return nil;
+}
+
+static void
+xfree(char *x)
+{
+	if(x == nil || x == unknown)
+		return;
+	free(x);
+}
+
+void
+freenetconninfo(NetConnInfo *nci)
+{
+	if(nci == nil)
+		return;
+	xfree(nci->root);
+	xfree(nci->dir);
+	xfree(nci->spec);
+	xfree(nci->lsys);
+	xfree(nci->lserv);
+	xfree(nci->rsys);
+	xfree(nci->rserv);
+	xfree(nci->laddr);
+	xfree(nci->raddr);
+	free(nci);
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/getpid.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/getpid.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9a9c86c13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/getpid.c
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include	<u.h>
+#include	<libc.h>
+
+int
+getpid(void)
+{
+	char b[20];
+	int f;
+
+	memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));
+	f = open("#c/pid", 0);
+	if(f >= 0) {
+		read(f, b, sizeof(b));
+		close(f);
+	}
+	return atol(b);
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/getppid.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/getppid.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b90b57ee5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/getppid.c
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include	<u.h>
+#include	<libc.h>
+
+int
+getppid(void)
+{
+	char b[20];
+	int f;
+
+	memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));
+	f = open("/dev/ppid", 0);
+	if(f >= 0) {
+		read(f, b, sizeof(b));
+		close(f);
+	}
+	return atol(b);
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/getwd.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/getwd.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ed73cb775
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/getwd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+static char *nsgetwd(char*, int);
+
+char*
+getwd(char *buf, int nbuf)
+{
+	int n, fd;
+
+	fd = open(".", OREAD);
+	if(fd < 0)
+		return nil;
+	n = fd2path(fd, buf, nbuf);
+	close(fd);
+	if(n < 0)
+		return nil;
+	return buf;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/iounit.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/iounit.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..194b17173
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/iounit.c
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+/*
+ * Format:
+  3 r  M    4 (0000000000457def 11 00)   8192      512 /rc/lib/rcmain
+ */
+
+int
+iounit(int fd)
+{
+	int i, cfd;
+	char buf[128], *args[10];
+
+	snprint(buf, sizeof buf, "#d/%dctl", fd);
+	cfd = open(buf, OREAD);
+	if(cfd < 0)
+		return 0;
+	i = read(cfd, buf, sizeof buf-1);
+	close(cfd);
+	if(i <= 0)
+		return 0;
+	buf[i] = '\0';
+	if(tokenize(buf, args, nelem(args)) != nelem(args))
+		return 0;
+	return atoi(args[7]);
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/mkfile b/sys/src/libc/9sys/mkfile
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3b7d95e8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/mkfile
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+</$objtype/mkfile
+
+LIB=/$objtype/lib/libc.a
+OFILES=\
+	abort.$O\
+	access.$O\
+	announce.$O\
+	convD2M.$O\
+	convM2D.$O\
+	convM2S.$O\
+	convS2M.$O\
+	cputime.$O\
+	ctime.$O\
+	dial.$O\
+	dirfstat.$O\
+	dirfwstat.$O\
+	dirmodefmt.$O\
+	dirread.$O\
+	dirstat.$O\
+	dirwstat.$O\
+	fcallfmt.$O\
+	fork.$O\
+	getnetconninfo.$O\
+	getenv.$O\
+	getpid.$O\
+	getppid.$O\
+	getwd.$O\
+	iounit.$O\
+	nsec.$O\
+	nulldir.$O\
+	postnote.$O\
+	privalloc.$O\
+	pushssl.$O\
+	pushtls.$O\
+	putenv.$O\
+	qlock.$O\
+	read.$O\
+	read9pmsg.$O\
+	readv.$O\
+	rerrstr.$O\
+	sbrk.$O\
+	setnetmtpt.$O\
+	sysfatal.$O\
+	syslog.$O\
+	sysname.$O\
+	time.$O\
+	times.$O\
+	tm2sec.$O\
+	truerand.$O\
+	wait.$O\
+	waitpid.$O\
+	werrstr.$O\
+	write.$O\
+	writev.$O\
+
+HFILES=/sys/include/libc.h
+
+UPDATE=\
+	mkfile\
+	$HFILES\
+	${OFILES:%.$O=%.c}\
+
+</sys/src/cmd/mksyslib
+
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/nsec.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/nsec.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f0e981d04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/nsec.c
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include <tos.h>
+
+static uvlong order = 0x0001020304050607ULL;
+
+static void
+be2vlong(vlong *to, uchar *f)
+{
+	uchar *t, *o;
+	int i;
+
+	t = (uchar*)to;
+	o = (uchar*)&order;
+	for(i = 0; i < sizeof order; i++)
+		t[o[i]] = f[i];
+}
+
+static int fd = -1;
+static struct {
+	int	pid;
+	int	fd;
+} fds[64];
+
+vlong
+nsec(void)
+{
+	uchar b[8];
+	vlong t;
+	int pid, i, f, tries;
+
+	/*
+	 * Threaded programs may have multiple procs
+	 * with different fd tables, so we may need to open
+	 * /dev/bintime on a per-pid basis
+	 */
+
+	/* First, look if we've opened it for this particular pid */
+	pid = _tos->pid;
+	do{
+		f = -1;
+		for(i = 0; i < nelem(fds); i++)
+			if(fds[i].pid == pid){
+				f = fds[i].fd;
+				break;
+			}
+		tries = 0;
+		if(f < 0){
+			/* If it's not open for this pid, try the global pid */
+			if(fd >= 0)
+				f = fd;
+			else{
+				/* must open */
+				if((f = open("/dev/bintime", OREAD|OCEXEC)) < 0)
+					return 0;
+				fd = f;
+				for(i = 0; i < nelem(fds); i++)
+					if(fds[i].pid == pid || fds[i].pid == 0){
+						fds[i].pid = pid;
+						fds[i].fd = f;
+						break;
+					}
+			}
+		}
+		if(pread(f, b, sizeof b, 0) == sizeof b){
+			be2vlong(&t, b);
+			return t;
+		}
+		close(f);
+		if(i < nelem(fds))
+			fds[i].fd = -1;
+	}while(tries++ == 0);	/* retry once */
+	USED(tries);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/nulldir.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/nulldir.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..612725d81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/nulldir.c
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+void
+nulldir(Dir *d)
+{
+	memset(d, ~0, sizeof(Dir));
+	d->name = d->uid = d->gid = d->muid = "";
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/postnote.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/postnote.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..46564e9ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/postnote.c
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+int
+postnote(int group, int pid, char *note)
+{
+	char file[128];
+	int f, r;
+
+	switch(group) {
+	case PNPROC:
+		sprint(file, "/proc/%d/note", pid);
+		break;
+	case PNGROUP:
+		sprint(file, "/proc/%d/notepg", pid);
+		break;
+	default:
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	f = open(file, OWRITE);
+	if(f < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	r = strlen(note);
+	if(write(f, note, r) != r) {
+		close(f);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	close(f);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/privalloc.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/privalloc.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..907485e2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/privalloc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+static Lock	privlock;
+static int	privinit;
+static void	**privs;
+
+extern void	**_privates;
+extern int	_nprivates;
+
+void **
+privalloc(void)
+{
+	void **p;
+	int i;
+
+	lock(&privlock);
+	if(!privinit){
+		privinit = 1;
+		if(_nprivates){
+			_privates[0] = 0;
+			for(i = 1; i < _nprivates; i++)
+				_privates[i] = &_privates[i - 1];
+			privs = &_privates[i - 1];
+		}
+	}
+	p = privs;
+	if(p != nil){
+		privs = *p;
+		*p = nil;
+	}
+	unlock(&privlock);
+	return p;
+}
+
+void
+privfree(void **p)
+{
+	lock(&privlock);
+	if(p != nil && privinit){
+		*p = privs;
+		privs = p;
+	}
+	unlock(&privlock);
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/pushssl.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/pushssl.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8817dd1c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/pushssl.c
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+/*
+ * Since the SSL device uses decimal file descriptors to name channels,
+ * it is impossible for a user-level file server to stand in for the kernel device.
+ * Thus we hard-code #D rather than use /net/ssl.
+ */
+
+int
+pushssl(int fd, char *alg, char *secin, char *secout, int *cfd)
+{
+	char buf[8];
+	char dname[64];
+	int n, data, ctl;
+
+	ctl = open("#D/ssl/clone", ORDWR);
+	if(ctl < 0)
+		return -1;
+	n = read(ctl, buf, sizeof(buf)-1);
+	if(n < 0)
+		goto error;
+	buf[n] = 0;
+	sprint(dname, "#D/ssl/%s/data", buf);
+	data = open(dname, ORDWR);
+	if(data < 0)
+		goto error;
+	if(fprint(ctl, "fd %d", fd) < 0 ||
+	   fprint(ctl, "secretin %s", secin) < 0 ||
+	   fprint(ctl, "secretout %s", secout) < 0 ||
+	   fprint(ctl, "alg %s", alg) < 0){
+		close(data);
+		goto error;
+	}
+	close(fd);
+	if(cfd != 0)
+		*cfd = ctl;
+	else
+		close(ctl);
+	return data;
+error:
+	close(ctl);
+	return -1;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/pushtls.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/pushtls.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..038aad748
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/pushtls.c
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include <auth.h>
+#include <mp.h>
+#include <libsec.h>
+
+enum {
+	TLSFinishedLen = 12,
+	HFinished = 20,
+};
+
+static int
+finished(int hand, int isclient)
+{
+	int i, n;
+	uchar buf[500], buf2[500];
+
+	buf[0] = HFinished;
+	buf[1] = TLSFinishedLen>>16;
+	buf[2] = TLSFinishedLen>>8;
+	buf[3] = TLSFinishedLen;
+	n = TLSFinishedLen+4;
+
+	for(i=0; i<2; i++){
+		if(i==0)
+			memmove(buf+4, "client finished", TLSFinishedLen);
+		else
+			memmove(buf+4, "server finished", TLSFinishedLen);
+		if(isclient == 1-i){
+			if(write(hand, buf, n) != n)
+				return -1;
+		}else{
+			if(readn(hand, buf2, n) != n || memcmp(buf,buf2,n) != 0)
+				return -1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+
+// given a plain fd and secrets established beforehand, return encrypted connection
+int
+pushtls(int fd, char *hashalg, char *encalg, int isclient, char *secret, char *dir)
+{
+	char buf[8];
+	char dname[64];
+	int n, data, ctl, hand;
+
+	// open a new filter; get ctl fd
+	data = hand = -1;
+	// /net/tls uses decimal file descriptors to name channels, hence a
+	// user-level file server can't stand in for #a; may as well hard-code it.
+	ctl = open("#a/tls/clone", ORDWR);
+	if(ctl < 0)
+		goto error;
+	n = read(ctl, buf, sizeof(buf)-1);
+	if(n < 0)
+		goto error;
+	buf[n] = 0;
+	if(dir)
+		sprint(dir, "#a/tls/%s", buf);
+
+	// get application fd
+	sprint(dname, "#a/tls/%s/data", buf);
+	data = open(dname, ORDWR);
+	if(data < 0)
+		goto error;
+
+	// get handshake fd
+	sprint(dname, "#a/tls/%s/hand", buf);
+	hand = open(dname, ORDWR);
+	if(hand < 0)
+		goto error;
+
+	// speak a minimal handshake
+	if(fprint(ctl, "fd %d 0x301", fd) < 0 ||
+	   fprint(ctl, "version 0x301") < 0 ||
+	   fprint(ctl, "secret %s %s %d %s", hashalg, encalg, isclient, secret) < 0 ||
+	   fprint(ctl, "changecipher") < 0 ||
+	   finished(hand, isclient) < 0 ||
+	   fprint(ctl, "opened") < 0){
+		close(hand);
+		hand = -1;
+		goto error;
+	}
+	close(ctl);
+	close(hand);
+	close(fd);
+	return data;
+
+error:
+	if(data>=0)
+		close(data);
+	if(ctl>=0)
+		close(ctl);
+	if(hand>=0)
+		close(hand);
+	return -1;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/putenv.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/putenv.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..de2389482
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/putenv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+int
+putenv(char *name, char *val)
+{
+	int f;
+	char ename[100];
+	long s;
+
+	if(strchr(name, '/') != nil)
+		return -1;
+	snprint(ename, sizeof ename, "/env/%s", name);
+	if(strcmp(ename+5, name) != 0)
+		return -1;
+	f = create(ename, OWRITE, 0664);
+	if(f < 0)
+		return -1;
+	s = strlen(val);
+	if(write(f, val, s) != s){
+		close(f);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	close(f);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/qlock.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/qlock.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fb2d80238
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/qlock.c
@@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+static struct {
+	QLp	*p;
+	QLp	x[1024];
+} ql = {
+	ql.x
+};
+
+enum
+{
+	Queuing,
+	QueuingR,
+	QueuingW,
+	Sleeping,
+};
+
+static void*	(*_rendezvousp)(void*, void*) = rendezvous;
+
+/* this gets called by the thread library ONLY to get us to use its rendezvous */
+void
+_qlockinit(void* (*r)(void*, void*))
+{
+	_rendezvousp = r;
+}
+
+/* find a free shared memory location to queue ourselves in */
+static QLp*
+getqlp(void)
+{
+	QLp *p, *op;
+
+	op = ql.p;
+	for(p = op+1; ; p++){
+		if(p == &ql.x[nelem(ql.x)])
+			p = ql.x;
+		if(p == op)
+			abort();
+		if(_tas(&(p->inuse)) == 0){
+			ql.p = p;
+			p->next = nil;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	return p;
+}
+
+void
+qlock(QLock *q)
+{
+	QLp *p, *mp;
+
+	lock(&q->lock);
+	if(!q->locked){
+		q->locked = 1;
+		unlock(&q->lock);
+		return;
+	}
+
+
+	/* chain into waiting list */
+	mp = getqlp();
+	p = q->tail;
+	if(p == nil)
+		q->head = mp;
+	else
+		p->next = mp;
+	q->tail = mp;
+	mp->state = Queuing;
+	unlock(&q->lock);
+
+	/* wait */
+	while((*_rendezvousp)(mp, (void*)1) == (void*)~0)
+		;
+	mp->inuse = 0;
+}
+
+void
+qunlock(QLock *q)
+{
+	QLp *p;
+
+	lock(&q->lock);
+	if (q->locked == 0)
+		fprint(2, "qunlock called with qlock not held, from %#p\n",
+			getcallerpc(&q));
+	p = q->head;
+	if(p != nil){
+		/* wakeup head waiting process */
+		q->head = p->next;
+		if(q->head == nil)
+			q->tail = nil;
+		unlock(&q->lock);
+		while((*_rendezvousp)(p, (void*)0x12345) == (void*)~0)
+			;
+		return;
+	}
+	q->locked = 0;
+	unlock(&q->lock);
+}
+
+int
+canqlock(QLock *q)
+{
+	if(!canlock(&q->lock))
+		return 0;
+	if(!q->locked){
+		q->locked = 1;
+		unlock(&q->lock);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	unlock(&q->lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void
+rlock(RWLock *q)
+{
+	QLp *p, *mp;
+
+	lock(&q->lock);
+	if(q->writer == 0 && q->head == nil){
+		/* no writer, go for it */
+		q->readers++;
+		unlock(&q->lock);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	mp = getqlp();
+	p = q->tail;
+	if(p == 0)
+		q->head = mp;
+	else
+		p->next = mp;
+	q->tail = mp;
+	mp->next = nil;
+	mp->state = QueuingR;
+	unlock(&q->lock);
+
+	/* wait in kernel */
+	while((*_rendezvousp)(mp, (void*)1) == (void*)~0)
+		;
+	mp->inuse = 0;
+}
+
+int
+canrlock(RWLock *q)
+{
+	lock(&q->lock);
+	if (q->writer == 0 && q->head == nil) {
+		/* no writer; go for it */
+		q->readers++;
+		unlock(&q->lock);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	unlock(&q->lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void
+runlock(RWLock *q)
+{
+	QLp *p;
+
+	lock(&q->lock);
+	if(q->readers <= 0)
+		abort();
+	p = q->head;
+	if(--(q->readers) > 0 || p == nil){
+		unlock(&q->lock);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* start waiting writer */
+	if(p->state != QueuingW)
+		abort();
+	q->head = p->next;
+	if(q->head == 0)
+		q->tail = 0;
+	q->writer = 1;
+	unlock(&q->lock);
+
+	/* wakeup waiter */
+	while((*_rendezvousp)(p, 0) == (void*)~0)
+		;
+}
+
+void
+wlock(RWLock *q)
+{
+	QLp *p, *mp;
+
+	lock(&q->lock);
+	if(q->readers == 0 && q->writer == 0){
+		/* noone waiting, go for it */
+		q->writer = 1;
+		unlock(&q->lock);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* wait */
+	p = q->tail;
+	mp = getqlp();
+	if(p == nil)
+		q->head = mp;
+	else
+		p->next = mp;
+	q->tail = mp;
+	mp->next = nil;
+	mp->state = QueuingW;
+	unlock(&q->lock);
+
+	/* wait in kernel */
+	while((*_rendezvousp)(mp, (void*)1) == (void*)~0)
+		;
+	mp->inuse = 0;
+}
+
+int
+canwlock(RWLock *q)
+{
+	lock(&q->lock);
+	if (q->readers == 0 && q->writer == 0) {
+		/* no one waiting; go for it */
+		q->writer = 1;
+		unlock(&q->lock);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	unlock(&q->lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void
+wunlock(RWLock *q)
+{
+	QLp *p;
+
+	lock(&q->lock);
+	if(q->writer == 0)
+		abort();
+	p = q->head;
+	if(p == nil){
+		q->writer = 0;
+		unlock(&q->lock);
+		return;
+	}
+	if(p->state == QueuingW){
+		/* start waiting writer */
+		q->head = p->next;
+		if(q->head == nil)
+			q->tail = nil;
+		unlock(&q->lock);
+		while((*_rendezvousp)(p, 0) == (void*)~0)
+			;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if(p->state != QueuingR)
+		abort();
+
+	/* wake waiting readers */
+	while(q->head != nil && q->head->state == QueuingR){
+		p = q->head;
+		q->head = p->next;
+		q->readers++;
+		while((*_rendezvousp)(p, 0) == (void*)~0)
+			;
+	}
+	if(q->head == nil)
+		q->tail = nil;
+	q->writer = 0;
+	unlock(&q->lock);
+}
+
+void
+rsleep(Rendez *r)
+{
+	QLp *t, *me;
+
+	if(!r->l)
+		abort();
+	lock(&r->l->lock);
+	/* we should hold the qlock */
+	if(!r->l->locked)
+		abort();
+
+	/* add ourselves to the wait list */
+	me = getqlp();
+	me->state = Sleeping;
+	if(r->head == nil)
+		r->head = me;
+	else
+		r->tail->next = me;
+	me->next = nil;
+	r->tail = me;
+
+	/* pass the qlock to the next guy */
+	t = r->l->head;
+	if(t){
+		r->l->head = t->next;
+		if(r->l->head == nil)
+			r->l->tail = nil;
+		unlock(&r->l->lock);
+		while((*_rendezvousp)(t, (void*)0x12345) == (void*)~0)
+			;
+	}else{
+		r->l->locked = 0;
+		unlock(&r->l->lock);
+	}
+
+	/* wait for a wakeup */
+	while((*_rendezvousp)(me, (void*)1) == (void*)~0)
+		;
+	me->inuse = 0;
+}
+
+int
+rwakeup(Rendez *r)
+{
+	QLp *t;
+
+	/*
+	 * take off wait and put on front of queue
+	 * put on front so guys that have been waiting will not get starved
+	 */
+	
+	if(!r->l)
+		abort();
+	lock(&r->l->lock);
+	if(!r->l->locked)
+		abort();
+
+	t = r->head;
+	if(t == nil){
+		unlock(&r->l->lock);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	r->head = t->next;
+	if(r->head == nil)
+		r->tail = nil;
+
+	t->next = r->l->head;
+	r->l->head = t;
+	if(r->l->tail == nil)
+		r->l->tail = t;
+
+	t->state = Queuing;
+	unlock(&r->l->lock);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int
+rwakeupall(Rendez *r)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for(i=0; rwakeup(r); i++)
+		;
+	return i;
+}
+
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/read.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/read.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2119ab2ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/read.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include	<u.h>
+#include	<libc.h>
+
+long
+read(int fd, void *buf, long n)
+{
+	return pread(fd, buf, n, -1LL);
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/read9pmsg.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/read9pmsg.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9e90ec5d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/read9pmsg.c
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include <fcall.h>
+
+int
+read9pmsg(int fd, void *abuf, uint n)
+{
+	int m, len;
+	uchar *buf;
+
+	buf = abuf;
+
+	/* read count */
+	m = readn(fd, buf, BIT32SZ);
+	if(m != BIT32SZ){
+		if(m < 0)
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	len = GBIT32(buf);
+	if(len <= BIT32SZ || len > n){
+		werrstr("bad length in 9P2000 message header");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	len -= BIT32SZ;
+	m = readn(fd, buf+BIT32SZ, len);
+	if(m < len)
+		return 0;
+	return BIT32SZ+m;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/readv.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/readv.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a0dc10aaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/readv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+static
+long
+ioreadv(int fd, IOchunk *io, int nio, vlong offset)
+{
+	int i;
+	long m, n, tot;
+	char *buf, *p;
+
+	tot = 0;
+	for(i=0; i<nio; i++)
+		tot += io[i].len;
+	buf = malloc(tot);
+	if(buf == nil)
+		return -1;
+
+	tot = pread(fd, buf, tot, offset);
+
+	p = buf;
+	n = tot;
+	for(i=0; i<nio; i++){
+		if(n <= 0)
+			break;
+		m = io->len;
+		if(m > n)
+			m = n;
+		memmove(io->addr, p, m);
+		n -= m;
+		p += m;
+		io++;
+	}
+
+	free(buf);
+	return tot;
+}
+
+long
+readv(int fd, IOchunk *io, int nio)
+{
+	return ioreadv(fd, io, nio, -1LL);
+}
+
+long
+preadv(int fd, IOchunk *io, int nio, vlong off)
+{
+	return ioreadv(fd, io, nio, off);
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/rerrstr.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/rerrstr.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c64cd4940
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/rerrstr.c
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+void
+rerrstr(char *buf, uint nbuf)
+{
+	char tmp[ERRMAX];
+
+	tmp[0] = 0;
+	errstr(tmp, sizeof tmp);
+	utfecpy(buf, buf+nbuf, tmp);
+	errstr(tmp, sizeof tmp);
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/sbrk.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/sbrk.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..88b593e11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/sbrk.c
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+extern	char	end[];
+static	char	*bloc = { end };
+extern	int	brk_(void*);
+
+enum
+{
+	Round	= 7
+};
+
+int
+brk(void *p)
+{
+	uintptr bl;
+
+	bl = ((uintptr)p + Round) & ~Round;
+	if(brk_((void*)bl) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	bloc = (char*)bl;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void*
+sbrk(ulong n)
+{
+	uintptr bl;
+
+	bl = ((uintptr)bloc + Round) & ~Round;
+	if(brk_((void*)(bl+n)) < 0)
+		return (void*)-1;
+	bloc = (char*)bl + n;
+	return (void*)bl;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/setnetmtpt.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/setnetmtpt.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3d984f08f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/setnetmtpt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+void
+setnetmtpt(char *net, int n, char *x)
+{
+	if(x == nil)
+		x = "/net";
+
+	if(*x == '/'){
+		strncpy(net, x, n);
+		net[n-1] = 0;
+	} else {
+		snprint(net, n, "/net%s", x);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/sysfatal.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/sysfatal.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e2cef6c48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/sysfatal.c
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+
+static void
+_sysfatalimpl(char *fmt, va_list arg)
+{
+	char buf[1024];
+
+	vseprint(buf, buf+sizeof(buf), fmt, arg);
+	if(argv0)
+		fprint(2, "%s: %s\n", argv0, buf);
+	else
+		fprint(2, "%s\n", buf);
+	exits(buf);
+}
+
+void (*_sysfatal)(char *fmt, va_list arg) = _sysfatalimpl;
+
+void
+sysfatal(char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list arg;
+
+	va_start(arg, fmt);
+	(*_sysfatal)(fmt, arg);
+	va_end(arg);
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/syslog.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/syslog.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..828ad04a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/syslog.c
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+static struct
+{
+	int	fd;
+	int	consfd;
+	char	*name;
+	Dir	*d;
+	Dir	*consd;
+	Lock;
+} sl =
+{
+	-1, -1,
+};
+
+static void
+_syslogopen(void)
+{
+	char buf[1024];
+
+	if(sl.fd >= 0)
+		close(sl.fd);
+	snprint(buf, sizeof(buf), "/sys/log/%s", sl.name);
+	sl.fd = open(buf, OWRITE|OCEXEC);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Print
+ *  sysname: time: mesg
+ * on /sys/log/logname.
+ * If cons or log file can't be opened, print on the system console, too.
+ */
+void
+syslog(int cons, char *logname, char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	char buf[1024];
+	char *ctim, *p;
+	va_list arg;
+	int n;
+	Dir *d;
+	char err[ERRMAX];
+
+	err[0] = '\0';
+	errstr(err, sizeof err);
+	lock(&sl);
+
+	/*
+	 *  paranoia makes us stat to make sure a fork+close
+	 *  hasn't broken our fd's
+	 */
+	d = dirfstat(sl.fd);
+	if(sl.fd < 0
+	   || sl.name == nil
+	   || strcmp(sl.name, logname)!=0
+	   || sl.d == nil
+	   || d == nil
+	   || d->dev != sl.d->dev
+	   || d->type != sl.d->type
+	   || d->qid.path != sl.d->qid.path){
+		free(sl.name);
+		sl.name = strdup(logname);
+		if(sl.name == nil)
+			cons = 1;
+		else{
+			_syslogopen();
+			if(sl.fd < 0)
+				cons = 1;
+			free(sl.d);
+			sl.d = d;
+			d = nil;	/* don't free it */
+		}
+	}
+	free(d);
+	if(cons){
+		d = dirfstat(sl.consfd);
+		if(sl.consfd < 0
+		   || d == nil
+		   || sl.consd == nil
+		   || d->dev != sl.consd->dev
+		   || d->type != sl.consd->type
+		   || d->qid.path != sl.consd->qid.path){
+			sl.consfd = open("#c/cons", OWRITE|OCEXEC);
+			free(sl.consd);
+			sl.consd = d;
+			d = nil;	/* don't free it */
+		}
+		free(d);
+	}
+
+	if(fmt == nil){
+		unlock(&sl);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	ctim = ctime(time(0));
+	werrstr(err);
+	p = buf + snprint(buf, sizeof(buf)-1, "%s ", sysname());
+	strncpy(p, ctim+4, 15);
+	p += 15;
+	*p++ = ' ';
+	va_start(arg, fmt);
+	p = vseprint(p, buf+sizeof(buf)-1, fmt, arg);
+	va_end(arg);
+	*p++ = '\n';
+	n = p - buf;
+
+	if(sl.fd >= 0){
+		seek(sl.fd, 0, 2);
+		write(sl.fd, buf, n);
+	}
+
+	if(cons && sl.consfd >=0)
+		write(sl.consfd, buf, n);
+
+	unlock(&sl);
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/sysname.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/sysname.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1854ddceb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/sysname.c
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#include	<u.h>
+#include	<libc.h>
+
+char*
+sysname(void)
+{
+	int f, n;
+	static char b[128];
+
+	if(b[0])
+		return b;
+
+	f = open("#c/sysname", 0);
+	if(f >= 0) {
+		n = read(f, b, sizeof(b)-1);
+		if(n > 0)
+			b[n] = 0;
+		close(f);
+	}
+	return b;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/time.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/time.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3e5f83b04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/time.c
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+
+/*
+ *  After a fork with fd's copied, both fd's are pointing to
+ *  the same Chan structure.  Since the offset is kept in the Chan
+ *  structure, the seek's and read's in the two processes can
+ *  compete at moving the offset around.  Hence the unusual loop
+ *  in the middle of this routine.
+ */
+static long
+oldtime(long *tp)
+{
+	char b[20];
+	static int f = -1;
+	int i, retries;
+	long t;
+
+	memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));
+	for(retries = 0; retries < 100; retries++){
+		if(f < 0)
+			f = open("/dev/time", OREAD|OCEXEC);
+		if(f < 0)
+			break;
+		if(seek(f, 0, 0) < 0 || (i = read(f, b, sizeof(b))) < 0){
+			close(f);
+			f = -1;
+		} else {
+			if(i != 0)
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+	t = atol(b);
+	if(tp)
+		*tp = t;
+	return t;
+}
+
+long
+time(long *tp)
+{
+	vlong t;
+
+	t = nsec()/1000000000LL;
+	if(t == 0)
+		t = oldtime(0);
+	if(tp != nil)
+		*tp = t;
+	return t;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/times.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/times.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b8303474f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/times.c
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+static
+char*
+skip(char *p)
+{
+
+	while(*p == ' ')
+		p++;
+	while(*p != ' ' && *p != 0)
+		p++;
+	return p;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  after a fork with fd's copied, both fd's are pointing to
+ *  the same Chan structure.  Since the offset is kept in the Chan
+ *  structure, the seek's and read's in the two processes can be
+ *  are competing moving the offset around.  Hence the unusual loop
+ *  in the middle of this routine.
+ */
+long
+times(long *t)
+{
+	char b[200], *p;
+	static int f = -1;
+	int i, retries;
+	ulong r;
+
+	memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));
+	for(retries = 0; retries < 100; retries++){
+		if(f < 0)
+			f = open("/dev/cputime", OREAD|OCEXEC);
+		if(f < 0)
+			break;
+		if(seek(f, 0, 0) < 0 || (i = read(f, b, sizeof(b))) < 0){
+			close(f);
+			f = -1;
+		} else {
+			if(i != 0)
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+	p = b;
+	if(t)
+		t[0] = atol(p);
+	p = skip(p);
+	if(t)
+		t[1] = atol(p);
+	p = skip(p);
+	r = atol(p);
+	if(t){
+		p = skip(p);
+		t[2] = atol(p);
+		p = skip(p);
+		t[3] = atol(p);
+	}
+	return r;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/tm2sec.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/tm2sec.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..223d3f1d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/tm2sec.c
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+#define	TZSIZE	150
+static	void	readtimezone(void);
+static	int	rd_name(char**, char*);
+static	int	rd_long(char**, long*);
+static
+struct
+{
+	char	stname[4];
+	char	dlname[4];
+	long	stdiff;
+	long	dldiff;
+	long	dlpairs[TZSIZE];
+} timezone;
+
+#define SEC2MIN 60L
+#define SEC2HOUR (60L*SEC2MIN)
+#define SEC2DAY (24L*SEC2HOUR)
+
+/*
+ *  days per month plus days/year
+ */
+static	int	dmsize[] =
+{
+	365, 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31
+};
+static	int	ldmsize[] =
+{
+	366, 31, 29, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31
+};
+
+/*
+ *  return the days/month for the given year
+ */
+static int *
+yrsize(int y)
+{
+	if((y%4) == 0 && ((y%100) != 0 || (y%400) == 0))
+		return ldmsize;
+	else
+		return dmsize;
+}
+
+/*
+ * compute seconds since Jan 1 1970 GMT
+ * and convert to our timezone.
+ */
+long
+tm2sec(Tm *tm)
+{
+	long secs;
+	int i, yday, year, *d2m;
+
+	if(strcmp(tm->zone, "GMT") != 0 && timezone.stname[0] == 0)
+		readtimezone();
+	secs = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 *  seconds per year
+	 */
+	year = tm->year + 1900;
+	for(i = 1970; i < year; i++){
+		d2m = yrsize(i);
+		secs += d2m[0] * SEC2DAY;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 *  if mday is set, use mon and mday to compute yday
+	 */
+	if(tm->mday){
+		yday = 0;
+		d2m = yrsize(year);
+		for(i=0; i<tm->mon; i++)
+			yday += d2m[i+1];
+		yday += tm->mday-1;
+	}else{
+		yday = tm->yday;
+	}
+	secs += yday * SEC2DAY;
+
+	/*
+	 * hours, minutes, seconds
+	 */
+	secs += tm->hour * SEC2HOUR;
+	secs += tm->min * SEC2MIN;
+	secs += tm->sec;
+
+	/*
+	 * Only handles zones mentioned in /env/timezone,
+	 * but things get too ambiguous otherwise.
+	 */
+	if(strcmp(tm->zone, timezone.stname) == 0)
+		secs -= timezone.stdiff;
+	else if(strcmp(tm->zone, timezone.dlname) == 0)
+		secs -= timezone.dldiff;
+	if(secs < 0)
+		secs = 0;
+	return secs;
+}
+
+static
+void
+readtimezone(void)
+{
+	char buf[TZSIZE*11+30], *p;
+	int i;
+
+	memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+	i = open("/env/timezone", 0);
+	if(i < 0)
+		goto error;
+	if(read(i, buf, sizeof(buf)) >= sizeof(buf))
+		goto error;
+	close(i);
+	p = buf;
+	if(rd_name(&p, timezone.stname))
+		goto error;
+	if(rd_long(&p, &timezone.stdiff))
+		goto error;
+	if(rd_name(&p, timezone.dlname))
+		goto error;
+	if(rd_long(&p, &timezone.dldiff))
+		goto error;
+	for(i=0; i<TZSIZE; i++) {
+		if(rd_long(&p, &timezone.dlpairs[i]))
+			goto error;
+		if(timezone.dlpairs[i] == 0)
+			return;
+	}
+
+error:
+	timezone.stdiff = 0;
+	strcpy(timezone.stname, "GMT");
+	timezone.dlpairs[0] = 0;
+}
+
+static int
+rd_name(char **f, char *p)
+{
+	int c, i;
+
+	for(;;) {
+		c = *(*f)++;
+		if(c != ' ' && c != '\n')
+			break;
+	}
+	for(i=0; i<3; i++) {
+		if(c == ' ' || c == '\n')
+			return 1;
+		*p++ = c;
+		c = *(*f)++;
+	}
+	if(c != ' ' && c != '\n')
+		return 1;
+	*p = 0;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+rd_long(char **f, long *p)
+{
+	int c, s;
+	long l;
+
+	s = 0;
+	for(;;) {
+		c = *(*f)++;
+		if(c == '-') {
+			s++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if(c != ' ' && c != '\n')
+			break;
+	}
+	if(c == 0) {
+		*p = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	l = 0;
+	for(;;) {
+		if(c == ' ' || c == '\n')
+			break;
+		if(c < '0' || c > '9')
+			return 1;
+		l = l*10 + c-'0';
+		c = *(*f)++;
+	}
+	if(s)
+		l = -l;
+	*p = l;
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/truerand.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/truerand.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..10a0f14de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/truerand.c
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+ulong
+truerand(void)
+{
+	ulong x;
+	static int randfd = -1;
+
+	if(randfd < 0)
+		randfd = open("/dev/random", OREAD|OCEXEC);
+	if(randfd < 0)
+		sysfatal("can't open /dev/random");
+	if(read(randfd, &x, sizeof(x)) != sizeof(x))
+		sysfatal("can't read /dev/random");
+	return x;
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/wait.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/wait.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e2ac817ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/wait.c
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include <fcall.h>
+
+Waitmsg*
+wait(void)
+{
+	int n, l;
+	char buf[512], *fld[5];
+	Waitmsg *w;
+
+	n = await(buf, sizeof buf-1);
+	if(n < 0)
+		return nil;
+	buf[n] = '\0';
+	if(tokenize(buf, fld, nelem(fld)) != nelem(fld)){
+		werrstr("couldn't parse wait message");
+		return nil;
+	}
+	l = strlen(fld[4])+1;
+	w = malloc(sizeof(Waitmsg)+l);
+	if(w == nil)
+		return nil;
+	w->pid = atoi(fld[0]);
+	w->time[0] = atoi(fld[1]);
+	w->time[1] = atoi(fld[2]);
+	w->time[2] = atoi(fld[3]);
+	w->msg = (char*)&w[1];
+	memmove(w->msg, fld[4], l);
+	return w;
+}
+
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/waitpid.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/waitpid.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..098c428cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/waitpid.c
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include <fcall.h>
+
+int
+waitpid(void)
+{
+	int n;
+	char buf[512], *fld[5];
+
+	n = await(buf, sizeof buf-1);
+	if(n <= 0)
+		return -1;
+	buf[n] = '\0';
+	if(tokenize(buf, fld, nelem(fld)) != nelem(fld)){
+		werrstr("couldn't parse wait message");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return atoi(fld[0]);
+}
+
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/werrstr.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/werrstr.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..da542aa17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/werrstr.c
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+void
+werrstr(char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list arg;
+	char buf[ERRMAX];
+
+	va_start(arg, fmt);
+	vseprint(buf, buf+ERRMAX, fmt, arg);
+	va_end(arg);
+	errstr(buf, ERRMAX);
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/write.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/write.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5bbd3064e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/write.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include	<u.h>
+#include	<libc.h>
+
+long
+write(int fd, void *buf, long n)
+{
+	return pwrite(fd, buf, n, -1LL);
+}
diff --git a/sys/src/libc/9sys/writev.c b/sys/src/libc/9sys/writev.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e3692db27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/src/libc/9sys/writev.c
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+static
+long
+iowritev(int fd, IOchunk *io, int nio, vlong offset)
+{
+	int i;
+	long tot;
+	char *buf, *p;
+
+	tot = 0;
+	for(i=0; i<nio; i++)
+		tot += io[i].len;
+	buf = malloc(tot);
+	if(buf == nil)
+		return -1;
+
+	p = buf;
+	for(i=0; i<nio; i++){
+		memmove(p, io->addr, io->len);
+		p += io->len;
+		io++;
+	}
+
+	tot = pwrite(fd, buf, tot, offset);
+
+	free(buf);
+	return tot;
+}
+
+long
+writev(int fd, IOchunk *io, int nio)
+{
+	return iowritev(fd, io, nio, -1LL);
+}
+
+long
+pwritev(int fd, IOchunk *io, int nio, vlong off)
+{
+	return iowritev(fd, io, nio, off);
+}